Happy Tycoon

Therefore, when Yang Jing learned of the bad news, he was a little dumbfounded and could not speak for a long time.

"Cole, you must have a way, right? You must have a way to help Vivian, right? I know you, I know you, I have followed you thirteen years ago, so you must help this time Me, help me keep Vivian..."

　　 From Yang Jing's expression, old Mike saw something, but he still begged Yang Jing bitterly. At this time, Yang Jing was almost his only spiritual pillar.

Especially this person who is nearly twenty years younger than himself is so amazing over the years. Starting from a mere 30 million US dollars, it took 13 years to double the 30 million US dollars by more than 10,000 times. It has developed a small evil dragon fund into the largest and most terrifying fund in the world.

　　 How can such a boss who is almost omnipotent be unable to heal Vivian?

"Hey, Mike, calm down first." Yang Jing recovered, patted the old man on the shoulder and said softly, "Can you tell me about Vivienne? I need to understand it from beginning to end. Only in this way can we find a way to solve the problem. I can't help you with the way you are now."

Yang Jing's words immediately made old Mike's eyes light up again. He tightly grasped Yang Jing's hand and asked in an extremely eager tone: "Cole, you can really save Vivian's life. ?"

　　 Yang Jing did not nod or shook his head. He does not know whether his acupuncture can completely cure this terminal illness, so he dare not give any guarantee to old Mike.

　　 At this time, it is definitely a very wrong approach to make a guarantee. If the guarantee is not completed, it will be fatal to the old Mike. Yang Jing didn't want his capable assistant to be alienated from him because of a small guarantee.

"Mike, I don't understand Vivienne's situation now, so I need you to tell me. Mike, you shouldn't be like this at this time, because if you want to save Vivienne, you can't panic first. You don’t even have the confidence to save Vivienne, can you still count on others? So, what you need to do most now is to cheer yourself up first, so that you can have enough strength to save your Vivienne ."

　　 Old Mike took a deep breath, bit his cheek, then nodded heavily and raised his head again.

"Cole, Vivienne felt a little uncomfortable at the beginning of last month, so she went to the hospital for an examination, and the result of the doctor was that the Philadelphia chromosome was positive for chronic myelogenous leukemia. The doctor said, Vivienne This disease is in the chronic phase and is not yet in the transformation phase. According to the results of the examination, although Vivienne discovered this disease at the early stage of the chronic phase, if there is no specific control method and medicine, It will take him at most two more years to enter the transformation period. By that time, he will be almost hopeless."

　　Although old Mike’s tone was very sad, his words were clearly organized. It can be seen that he is already trying to cheer up now.

　　 Yang Jing asked: "So, have you applied for bone marrow matching?"

　　 If this disease is to be completely cured, bone marrow transplantation is the best way. Of course, if old Mike and Vivian can regenerate a child, the treatment with stem cells from cord blood is better than bone marrow transplantation. However, at the age of old Mike and Vivian, it is obviously impossible to regenerate a child. Vivienne is already menopausal, let alone her body is not allowed to regenerate children.

　　 Therefore, bone marrow transplantation is currently the best medical treatment.

　　 But also, even in the United States, bone marrow transplantation is not transplanted just for transplantation. Even in the United States, bone marrow matching is difficult. It's not uncommon to be unfit for a year or two.

　　 "Well, I applied, but I'm afraid there is little hope." Old Mike said with a heavy heart. "Bone marrow matching depends on luck. It is normal if it is not good enough. Only a few people can find the right bone marrow for transplantation. Sorry, Cole, I just said that I was resigning because I was worried about not finding the right bone marrow. , I can only accompany Vivienne to accompany her through the last part of life."

　　 Yang Jing patted the back of the old man's hand and said, "Mike, I can understand your feelings. If it is me, I will do the same. So, is Vivienne just taking medication now?"

　　 "Well, she mainly uses Marilan tablets for control now, but that kind of drug has a lot of toxic side effects, and Vivienne has had a hard time during this period."

"Marilan tablets?" Yang Jing hesitated slightly, and then realized that this drug has another name in China, that is busulfan tablets. Before Novartis Pharmaceuticals in Switzerland developed Gleevec, this drug And hydroxyurea sulfate is the best medicine for controlling leukemia.

　　 However, the toxic and side effects of these two drugs are very large, and the therapeutic effect is far inferior to that of the famous Gleevec in later generations.

Because Yang Jing watched the movie "I'm Not the God of Medicine" last year and was very moved, he specifically inquired about the source of the drug "Glenin" in the movie. Gleevec knew very well.

　　 It’s just that, although Gleevec’s research and development has already had its eyebrows, it is only eyebrows. It is still six years before the first human test of Gleevec is carried out.

　　 Moreover, even Novartis Pharmaceuticals has not yet been established at this time. It will not be until 1996 that the Swiss pharmaceutical companies ciba-geigy and sandoz will merge to form Novartis. But obviously, if there is no special control drug Gleevec, Vivienne will be very difficult to maintain for two or three years.

　　 But if you want to develop Gleevec all at once, it is obviously not an easy task. The research and development of Gleevec itself has gone through a long and tortuous road.

　　 Since the discovery of leukemia, humans have been fighting against this incurable disease. In the 1950s and 1960s, mainstream academic circles generally believed that "viruses are the main cause of tumors." At this time, Nowell and Hungerford of the Cancer Institute of the University of Pennsylvania began to do a "deviant" thing. They were trying to find changes in the genetic material in tumor cells.

　　 And in 1973, Dr. Janet Rowley, a female doctor of the University of Chicago, also joined this research.

Until the 1980s, with the rise of oncogene research, New Zealand scientist Dr. Anne Lis discovered a homologous gene sequence of human and mouse leukemia virus c-abl, which was a translocation from chromosome 9 to the long arm of chromosome 22 Above, this conclusion indicates that the translocation of c-abl led to the occurrence of cml.

From the discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome by Dr. Nowell in 1960, to the fact that in 1973, Dr. Janet Raleigh made it clear that the Philadelphia chromosome was caused by a chromosomal translocation, and finally to 1982 when Dr. Annelis discovered that the oncogene c-abl was fused with bcr after the oncogene c-abl translocation. The continuous activation of tyrosine kinase eventually led to the occurrence of cml, which lasted 22 years.

　　 The cause of leukemia has been found, but it took nearly two decades to find a solution to this pathology.

　　 In 1993, Brian Drucker, who was only 38 years old, came to Oregon Health Sciences University in Portland to conduct CML scientific research. During this period, Drucker and his colleagues in Boston developed a new method for measuring bcr-abl enzyme activity using specially designed antibodies. This method is an invaluable tool for evaluating potential therapies for chronic myelogenous leukemia. While finding this method, Drucker must also compete with competitors from other research centers to be the first to find such a drug that can inactivate key enzymes to inhibit cancer and allow remaining healthy tissue Survived.

　　 And the biochemist Nick Leiden of the Swiss pharmaceutical company ciba-geigy is an old acquaintance of Drucker. Nick called Drucker and told Drucker that their company had what Drucker was looking for.

　　 This drug is called sti571, which is the name of Gleevec during its development. Although it was accidentally synthesized by chemists from Ciba-geigy while looking for a new type of anti-inflammatory drug, through in vitro experiments, researchers found that sti571 can inhibit enzyme activity. However, they are not sure how to use this compound.

　　 That is to say, at this critical moment, ciba-geigy possesses a key enzyme, and Drucker masters how to use this key enzyme. When the two meet, it means that dry firewood encounters a raging fire and immediately produces a violent chemical reaction.

　　 In August 1993, Drucker received the first batch of liquid sti571 samples and other candidate compounds from Switzerland. He used his own assisted enzyme detection technology to prove that sti571 can strongly inhibit the bcr-abl enzyme.

　　 But although the experiments conducted in the laboratory are very successful, the results of experiments on animals are not satisfactory.

　　 However, in 1997, Drucker still published a large number of related papers with collaborators from Portland and Switzerland. He believes that the compound sti571 is ready for human testing. However, Novartis at this time does not agree to conduct human experiments because in previous animal experiments, it has always been impossible to solve the phenomenon that dogs receiving intravenous administration will have blood clots at the end of the catheter, and injecting more dogs into dogs. At high doses, these animals will show signs of liver damage.

　　 Under the premise that this situation could not be resolved, Novartis even suggested to completely abandon the project.

　　 However, Novartis’s retreat did not make Drucker retreat. After all, chemotherapy can also be destructive to the canine body. So he bypassed Novartis and filed directly with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In June 1998, after obtaining FDA approval, Drucker used sti571 to treat a 68-year-old Oregon man with chronic myeloid leukemia.

　　 The effect of clinical treatment is naturally no problem. The side effects that occurred in previous experiments on canine animals are also gone~www.readwn.com~ It can be said that this first clinical trial was a complete success.

　　 As more and more leukemia patients voluntarily join the clinical trials, this drug has achieved better efficacy. So in 2001, Novartis submitted the new drug application report to the FDA, and it was approved within two and a half months-this is the fastest drug review in FDA history so far. It is also one of the few first-line clinical drugs that have been directly approved in the form of "green channel" after only passing phase i clinical trials.

　　 In May 2001, the US government announced that this new drug-Novartis named Gleevec in the North American market and glivec in Europe-will be used to treat patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

　　 This is the whole process of Gleevec's emergence. It has gone through nearly half a century before and after, and the total research funding in it has exceeded 5 billion U.S. dollars!

This drug is indeed the best drug for the treatment of leukemia. After using this drug, many leukemia patients in later generations can survive for as long as five or six years even without bone marrow transplantation. Some patients can even survive for ten to twenty years. More than years.

　　Of course, the price of this medicine is also very expensive. At least in China, this drug is definitely not affordable for ordinary people.

　　 "I am not a **** of medicine", but it was filmed based on the various events caused by this drug in China.

　　 It’s just that, in this era, Gleevec has not yet developed it...

　　Ps: Bow to thank "Little Fish 62" and "Very Lazy Fish" 100 for their rewards.