Happy Tycoon

Adrian looked for it in the suitcase he was carrying with him, then took out a rolled up drawing and handed it to Yang Jing, "This is the overall rendering of the building I designed at the time. What do you think? To be honest, when I handed over this design to Prince Alwaleed, I was actually a little bit reluctant, because the overall style of the building I designed is really not suitable for the folklore of Saudi Arabia. On the contrary, it is more suitable for you Huaxia. As you know, I have designed two super high-rise buildings in Huaxia, one is Jinmao Building, the other is Zifeng Building, so I have a good impression of this country, and this design plan is also more It is in line with the traditional Chinese style."

Yang Jing opened the rendering, and was immediately attracted by the building drawn on it.

The bird's-eye view of this building is a slightly deformed five-pointed star pattern, not a regular five-pointed star, but with some changes. As for the frontal rendering, it is a spire that looks like a triangular pyramid. The bottom of the building is the largest, but the building shrinks as the height increases, until it reaches the top, it shrinks into a spire.

The whole looks like a three-sided army thorn erected on the ground, piercing the sky.

"Hehe, you can see it too. My original name for this building was the Five-Star Tower, because the overall structure of the building presents a five-pointed star pattern, and the five-pointed star is also of special significance to China. At the same time, this building can also be called the Five Elements Pagoda, gold, wood, water, fire and earth. In your ancient Chinese civilization heritage, the five elements are also one of the most important heritages. The five corners of this building represent the mysterious five elements. "

"Well, yes, pretty good! I like this design scheme very much. But Ad, where did your design inspiration come from?"

"Haha, this sounds like a coincidence. I have a little grandson who is seventeen years old this year. When he was five years old more than ten years ago, he was playing with a paper ball. That paper ball was made of several triangles. It is made up of cubes, which is a toy with a scientific name of five intersecting tetrahedrons."

Yang Jing nodded, but he had seen this kind of origami toy, a very magical toy.

"Because each face of this five-intersecting tetrahedron presents a five-pointed star shape, my inspiration suddenly came, so I designed this five-star based on the principle of this five-intersecting tetrahedron. tower."

After a pause, Adrian continued to explain: “We all know that triangles are the most stable structure, so many main structures in super high-rise buildings are triangular. The overall structure of this five-star tower is composed of five It is made up of triangles, so in terms of structure, the five-star tower has a very stable structure."

"Well, in fact, the architectural concept of the Burj Khalifa I designed before is the'Flower of the Desert'. The plane is a three-petaled symmetrical blooming flower; the façade is spiraled by 21 gradually rising terraces. The whole building is like a flower in bud. The core idea of ​​this design is actually an equilateral triangle structure. And the Kingdom Tower I designed is also derived from the design idea of ​​the equilateral triangle structure. If you want to build a super high-rise building The first thing to ensure is that the core structure of this building must have sufficient stability, and the triangle is undoubtedly the best choice."

Yang Jing nodded and said: "Ade, your design concept is very correct. For this kind of super high-rise building, stability is the first."

Adrian smiled and said: "That's right, so in my design, almost all of the buildings are made of steel. The buildings I design are mainly made of steel and then used in the uppermost part of the building. All-steel structure."

"Hey, can any building materials still affect the stability of the building?" Yang Jing asked puzzledly.

"That's natural! The choice of building materials plays a crucial role in the stability of the building! Albert, you should know that one of the most afraid of such super high-rise buildings is earthquakes, and the other is strong winds. Earthquakes. This kind of thing is hard to say. Generally speaking, the location of super high-rise buildings will be selected in areas with relatively stable geological conditions to avoid the impact of earthquakes on the building to the greatest extent. However, there is no way to avoid such things as strong winds. For a super high-rise building with a height of more than 400 meters, the first consideration when designing is the impact of wind on the building. Because the taller the building, the stronger the wind on the upper part of the building, and the greater the displacement of the building. This is A proportional relationship is inevitable."

"However, if you use different building materials, you can minimize the impact of wind on the building. In the 1960s and 1970s, there was a general consensus in the global construction industry that'all-steel structures are better than concrete structures. , Suitable for super high-rise buildings', so a large number of steel structure high-rise buildings over 300 meters were built during that period. For example, the twin towers of the New York World Trade Center built in 1971 reached 412 meters in height, and the Chicago Sears was built in 1974. The height of the building reached 442 meters."

"Well, I know this. It seems that the all-steel structure is not good for fire protection, right? The World Trade Center Twin Towers that collapsed in the 9/11 incident was because the fire melted the steel structure of the building and eventually led to the collapse of the twin towers." Yang Jing said.

"Yes, although the steel structure reduces the overall weight of the building, as you said, the all-steel super high-rise building is a very unfavorable factor for fire protection. If the twin towers of the World Trade Center use concrete structure , Then maybe the pair of twin towers will not eventually collapse." Adrian nodded and said.

"Furthermore, there is still an unavoidable status quo for super high-rise buildings with all-steel structures, that is, the high-rise displacement is too large. In the 1980s and 1990s, people found that all-steel structures could no longer meet the requirements of further heightening of buildings. The reason is that the lateral rigidity of the steel structure is difficult to keep up with the rapid increase in height. In other words, this kind of all-steel structure super high-rise building, because of the wind, the displacement caused by the upper part is much greater In concrete structures."

"This can be clearly seen from the comparison between the Burj Khalifa I designed and the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center. The Burj Khalifa I designed uses a new structural system with a lower concrete structure and an upper steel structure. Underground 30 601 meters above the ground is a reinforced concrete shear wall system; 601 to 828 meters are steel structures, of which 601 to 760 meters are steel frames with diagonal braces."

"The New York World Trade Center is an all-steel structure, so the maximum unilateral displacement of the two buildings at 412 meters reached 1,000 mm; while the Burj Khalifa concrete structure has a maximum unilateral displacement of only 450 mm at 601 meters. From the perspective of the Burj Khalifa itself, the maximum unilateral displacement is only 450 mm at 601 meters from the apex of the concrete structure, but at 760 meters from the apex of the steel frame, the maximum unilateral displacement rapidly increases to 1250 mm. At 828 meters from the apex of the steel mast, the maximum displacement on one side is 1450 mm. Therefore, the Burj Khalifa places the hotel and apartment on the concrete structure below 601 meters, and the steel structure above 601 meters is used as an office building. The above displacement is too large, not suitable for living, only suitable for office."

Hearing this series of data, Yang Jing couldn't help being surprised and said: "Is there such a big gap between the all-steel structure and the concrete structure?"

"Yes, the choice of these two building materials has caused such a big gap!" Adrian said with certainty.

The so-called floor displacement refers to a physical phenomenon commonly found in super high-rise buildings. Generally speaking, when the height of a building exceeds a certain limit, it will shift under the action of lateral stress, such as wind. It is an inevitable physical phenomenon. The higher the floor, the greater the displacement.

Generally speaking, displacement refers to the amplitude of the horizontal sway of the building, while unilateral displacement refers to the amplitude of the sway of the building to one side.

The greater the displacement, the more unstable the building is. It's simple, it's shaking too hard! And if the displacement exceeds a certain limit, the building will sway more and more under the action of lateral stress, and eventually collapse. Therefore, the construction industry has strict regulations on the floor displacement coefficient of super high-rise buildings. If the model of the super high-rise building fails the wind tunnel test, the construction of the building is absolutely prohibited.

After the design of a super high-rise skyscraper is developed, several models of different scales will be made for testing. For example, the overall model of rigidity and aeroelasticity is usually tested at a ratio of 500:1, while the model used to test local wind research The model is 250:1 or even 125:1.

This test model can intuitively reflect the influence of the lateral stress on the building, thereby judging whether the design of the building is qualified.

Adrian continued: “It is precisely because of the huge gap in displacement between the all-steel structure and the concrete structure that since the 1980s and 1990s, the reinforced concrete core tube and the outer steel structure have become the basic form of super high-rise buildings. The Jinmao Tower, Zifeng Tower, Burj Khalifa and the Kingdom Tower and Greenland Center under construction all adopt this structure."

"I remember that the design standard of Burj Khalifa was designed according to the local strong wind once in 50 years, that is, the standard of 55 m/s~ www.readwn.com~ As a result, when the model was tested in the wind tunnel, The horizontal displacement of the structure in front of strong winds that occur in 50 years, there is almost no difference between the displacement data and the maximum displacement data tested after the building is completed. Therefore, my design at that time is absolutely qualified. Therefore, in this five-star building In the design of the tower, I also adopted a structural form similar to the Burj Khalifa and Kingdom Towers. Although this design has not passed the wind tunnel test, I believe my design should meet the requirements."

"Then you mean that this five-star tower or the Dragon Building will also adopt this structure?" Yang Jing asked.

"Yes, this type of structure is currently the most suitable structure for ultra-high buildings. Well, I mean this method is the best in terms of funding and pressure on the ground. Of course, if it can pass the wind tunnel test. , That would be even better. Well, you just called the building I designed the Dragon Building?"

"Hehe, of course, because I will name this building after my company. Congratulations, Ad, I adopted your design plan!"

PS: Bow and thank "Very Lazy Fish" 100 for the reward.

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