Future library

Chapter 77 Geometric Optics

People often like to use the big bang to describe the development of certain sciences. The Big Bang of information, the Big Bang of finance, the Big Bang of physics..., and later the Big Bang of the universe and the Big Bang of life...

In fact, since the 18th century, people have been surprised by the continuous development of technology.

Even the scientists themselves do.

In the previous thousands of years, scholars lived a leisurely life, and the development of science could match the leisurely pace of life. For example, there are not many Italian gentlemen who treasure equations like martial arts secrets. After Gauss solved the heptadagon problem, he liked to mail his research results to friends in letters instead of publishing them. Many of his achievements were dug up after his death. Fermat also had the same habit. The classic Fermat's last theorem came from two sentences in the margin of a book. He himself declared I have found a way to Wonderful proof, but unfortunately the blank space here is too small to write down - it's pitiful that later generations have spent three to four hundred years of hard work to solve this problem. If he can really use some wonderful proof, and Instead of hundreds of pages of complex formulas, Euler, Gauss, Abel, Cauchy and others might beat him up in another world for one day, two days, or three hundred years...

In the 19th century, if any scientist dared to treasure his research content, his epitaph would be blank - no technology, theory, or discovery would be waiting for him for 10 years. If he was unlucky, , a single postal delay can plunge him into endless arguments.

The reason is still a matter of knowledge accumulation. When enough knowledge of a type is accumulated, various branches will naturally grow out, and the speed will become faster and faster. The same is the situation Cheng Jinzhou is encountering now. .

The knowledge stored in his memory is the essence that has been refined by masters, or at least it is supported by a certain system. Those branches that will soon be eliminated, or non-mainline branches, and transitional research will not exist in the textbooks Cheng Jinzhou studies. It is also very difficult for him to fully explain them.

In addition, the more he leaks a certain part of the content, the easier it will be for the Star Warlocks to research more advanced content, which is not a good thing for Xiao Cheng.

In this world, it is not the most valuable papers that receive the most citations—nor is it that valuable papers will be discovered by all scholars instantly. Einstein's theory of relativity is a standard counterexample, and Mr. Edison, another member of the Aijia family, is the other extreme.

In many ways, Edison did the work of a technician. For many years, he was known as an inventor, but at that time, he received more praise than Einstein in many cases.

In terms of compensation and durability, Cheng Jinzhou hopes to be Edison rather than Einstein. The latter's theory of relativity was not widely cited until the 21st century, while the former's incandescent lamp and phonograph have received numerous praises since their invention. .

As far as a child's identity is concerned, Cheng Jinzhou is definitely the representative of Xin Ji Liu.

Sitting on the chair in the study room, Cheng Jinzhou placed the ring of the ring as big as a wall and carefully read the few books he got, hoping to find some that were of little value but could be exchanged for contribution points. Trivial details.

He had already figured out the simple parts of Euclidean geometry and mechanical metrology. If he wanted to develop and branch out, Cheng Jinzhou could do it, but that would require him to actively mobilize his memory and re-calculate and derive. Not only was the process cumbersome and laborious, Labor, and may not be quickly recognized by the astromancers - just like all research in the world, most research with world significance often does not receive world-class praise at the beginning. For these, it will inevitably When it comes to changing history or changing science, any scholar will be cautious in the early stages.

Or, take the path of chemistry? Cheng Jinzhou glanced at the paper with a long name from the library: Synthesis and Catalysis of Samarium Pyrrolocene Complexes. This standard later branch of research is now It's definitely impossible to do, but the legendary periodic table of elements is something that even a middle school student can memorize, and it's also commonly used in experiments.

The most important thing is that chemistry is the easiest subject to verify and prove, and it is easy to produce evidence.

With this in mind, Cheng Jinzhou wrote a few paragraphs on the properties of potassium, sodium, magnesium and aluminum on the paper, and then erased it with ink, muttering to himself: This is a discovery that will definitely change the world, and we can't bring it out now.

For a whole night, Dr. Cheng Da was immersed in the question of what to plagiarize? This may be the simplest problem in the history of human scientific research.

There were very few people waiting in the house in the capital, and no one came to take a second look when he fell asleep at night. Cheng Jinzhou woke up from the cold once in the middle of the night, so he had to cover himself with a quilt and blow out the oil lamp - the servants in the family's villa are the most powerful, and you can tell which family loses and gains power by looking at their attitude.

The early morning sunlight shines on the quilt through the window screen, making people feel warm all over. Classes would be suspended for two days after the quiz, and the servants would not come to call for help, leaving Cheng Jinzhou to sleep until noon.

If it were in the old house, servants would have shouted outside the door at the top of their lungs: Good morning, Third Brother.

He must have shouted that he could answer Good morning before he stopped.

But in the capital, Cheng Jinzhou could only open his eyes from the haze, and then stared blankly at the beams of light passing through the gaps between the two screen windows.

Bright beams of light form bright passages, and countless dust floats, rotates, and swims in them, irregularly... When I am at home, I can often see this kind of scene, but at this moment, my mind is full of science. In Cheng Jinzhou's eyes, such a beam of light represents two important theories.

Tyndall phenomenon and Brownian motion can both be represented by it.

Cheng Jinzhou breathed out a breath, shook his head and laughed. Tyndall phenomenon is often used in colloids. Although Brownian motion appeared in the 19th century, it was just arousing curiosity in the early days. The influence they can bring cannot be determined by a cubic equation. Much. Now it is okay to say that it is not used at all.

If the incident light is greater than the wavelength of the particle, it will scatter. Cheng Jinzhou silently remembered Quan, and soon he laughed: The great astrologers can understand what the incident light is, even if it is not bad, it is still scattered...

He said to himself and suddenly froze.

Geometric optics seems to be a very good branch - the content is simple and direct, easy to understand, and easy to use. It is also a content that I am quite familiar with. When Cheng Jinzhou was a tutor for freshmen, he taught geometric optics no less than three or four times. .

This is definitely the easiest of all required courses in theoretical physics. It only requires elementary and intermediate mathematics to solve the problem. It is also easy to expand and converge...

Cheng Jinzhou got up quickly, and while putting on his clothes, he shouted: Those outside, two people are coming in.

The servants had naturally gotten up early. When they heard his call, a boy walked in slowly and said: Third Master, lunch has been prepared long ago.

Come in and sharpen the ink for me. Cheng Jinzhou glared at the guy, his dissatisfaction evident.

The servant didn't care and lazily rolled up his sleeves. Except for a few of the two or three surnamed Cheng in other courtyards in the capital, they were all slaves bought locally. The stewards above were sons of other clans. They treated the third brother of the Qingzi clan as if they were the same. He treats other bastards who come to Beijing to take the exam in the same way. For them, they have taken care of all the errands for so many years, and they don't think there is anything special about Cheng Jinzhou. Anyway, there are no requirements from above, so naturally they can worry less.

One more person comes in. Cheng Jinzhou was excited and didn't want to waste energy on a servant. These people are all guys who have grown up in Beijing. There is no need to beat them. As long as they can gain a firm foothold, everything will go smoothly.

Another boy in his mid-twenties walked in and said with a non-standard greeting: Third Master.

Call Third Brother. Cheng Jinzhou couldn't help but said, Go get some quills and cardboard.

Since geometric optics talks about geometry, it also involves drawing pictures.

In fact, most people have already learned the so-called geometric optics in physics in middle school, and the content is extremely simple. You only need to understand three laws to complete most of the work: light propagates in a straight line, light will reflect, Light refracts…

Studying the relationship between them, when they occur, and the results after the occurrence is basically the entire content of geometric optics. As for why this kind of problem occurs, it can usually be left to physical optics to deal with.

Cheng Jinzhou wrote down the main content while biting the pen, thinking about what content to derive.

Although theory is the most important thing, there is only the main content. Waiting for others to add branches and leaves for you, who knows whether it will wait until the end of time. In addition, pay attention to whether anyone has already studied similar content - Cheng Jinzhou believes that the astrologers of this era will certainly not deal with optical problems in such a systematic way, but in some aspects, they must have some understanding, at least in order to complete For astronomical measurements, they have been able to make nice telescopes out of crystals.

What's your name? Cheng Jinzhou wrote the three laws in simplified Chinese on the paper, and then asked the servant next to him who was grinding ink.

Lu Dayong.

Who can deliver letters the fastest in the city?

The Xue family has the largest carriage business? Lu Dayong was happy that his master found someone else to deliver the message, so as not to trouble him.

Now you go find someone from the Xue family to come to my place to get the mail. The fastest and safest way. Cities in ancient China had a simple postal system for a long time, and the Great Xia Dynasty developed better in this regard. Perhaps because the centralized power is not strong enough and the transportation methods are more complicated, many official documents are delivered through some private individuals with government relations. However, the convenience has also improved. At least in a city the size of Xia Jing, letters need to be delivered in two ways. If you arrive within three hours, you will most likely have to rely on professionals.

Cheng Jinzhou rushed the two of them out, pulled out a piece of paper, and began to write a letter to Xiang Xin. At the same time, he attached some results of geometric optics and asked her how much she knew. The Xia Dynasty did not strictly distinguish between geometric physics, etc. Since Xiang Xin wants to study geometry, he must know the depth of the astrologers' research in this area, so asking her is naturally the safest way.

After finishing this, Cheng Jinzhou began to recall the content of his lectures that year, and then recorded them one by one, and only waited for Xiang Xin to reply before deleting them.

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