First Minister of Ming Dynasty

After reading a sacrificial text, Song Lian was already sweating and panting.

This is not an ordinary sacrificial text, but a complete set of programs, which is the view of the entire Zhujiajun group on history and the prospect of the future.

From the beginning of Pangu, it is to distinguish Huayi, praise the worthy ministers, and even write Chen Sheng and Wu Guang in it to praise the resistance.

In the final analysis, it falls on saving the people. The will of the people is the will of God, and the heart of the people is the heart of the people... When it comes to this, it is equivalent to being completely separated from the Yuan Ting and the rest of the Red Turban Army.

Zhu Jiajun has become a complete and distinctive force.

What is the dispute over the name, how to order it, how to declare it to the outside world... There is no doubt about it, the Chinese Wu Kingdom is used for the year, and it is counted from the year after Lao Zhu entered Jinling, that is, the sixteenth year of Zhizheng is the first year of the Huaxia Wu Kingdom. The country name is Wu, but the country's main name is Wu Guogong, and he is not called the king. When entering the Huaxia Wu country, it can be abbreviated as Wu, or Huaxia.

As for the Red Turban Army, the title of Zhu Jiajun is often replaced by Huaxia in official documents.

All in all, Lao Zhu's forces were completely independent and showed a distinctive temperament.

After Zhu Yuanzhang took office as Wu Guogong, he appointed subordinate officials and announced new policies.

And this task fell on Zhang Ximeng's head.

"Everyone, discuss it and see what to do?"

Zhang Ximeng also had his own duty room, he sat in the middle, Liu Bowen, Song Lian, even Jia Lu, Gong Bosui and others came.

It is especially worth mentioning that even the first Timur was called.

This guy who has just repaired several cow hooves and still smells of dung on his body doesn't even care about it. A person who works seriously is always worthy of respect.

"Also first, there seems to be a good section of Dayuan's treasured banknotes. Can you share your experience so that we can all listen carefully?"

They were also stunned for a while. Treasure banknotes, this broken thing is simply the pain in their brothers' hearts. One of the reasons for the rise of the Red Turban Army is the change of banknotes.

It is with the pain of the skin that it is more profound to talk about... Some books praise the treasured banknotes of the Yuan Dynasty, thinking that this treasured banknote has sufficient reserves, stable currency value, and is very advanced, much stronger than the Daming treasured banknotes. It can even be concluded that the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty understood the economy better than the peasant-born Zhu Yuanzhang.

As for which book, there is no need to say much.

In fact, when it comes to the stability of the currency value, the convenience of business people, and the maintenance of the Yuan Dynasty treasure banknotes, it is really not as long as the Daming treasure banknotes... It's just that under the conditions of ancient times, the fate of paper money can probably be predicted.

The Yuan Dynasty first issued treasure notes, not even using silver as a reserve, but using raw silk, one thousand taels of raw silk as the price of fifty taels, and then one tael of silver to make two treasure notes, that is, one thousand taels of raw silk, exchanged for one hundred Treasure banknotes.

Later, the Yuan Dynasty simply used silver as a reserve, set up official treasuries along the way, traded gold and silver, and flattened the banknote method. For every one tael of silver, the price is as high as two yuan banknotes when entering the warehouse, and five cents when leaving the warehouse. One tael of red gold, 20 pieces in the warehouse, and 20 pieces and 500 papers out of the warehouse.

According to Yuan Ting's design, if you take one or two silver coins outside, you can exchange for two treasure banknotes, and for each extra silver or two in reserve, you can issue two more five-cent treasure banknotes, and the red gold is calculated at ten times the price of silver.

In fact, from this ratio, Yuan Ting is even conservative, and the gap between banknotes and reserves can be larger. For example, with 30% of the reserves, 100% of the banknotes can be issued.

But don't worry about anything, because soon Yuan Ting couldn't hold on anymore.

A large number of banknotes were issued, which far exceeded the reserve fund and could not be maintained. Yuanting simply came to the traditional arts of the US emperor and announced that the treasured banknotes were no longer linked to gold and silver.

The Bretton Woods system of the Yuan Dynasty collapsed.

Since then, Yuan Ting has let himself go. Since about 1276, Yuan Ting has been issuing treasure banknotes frantically. In some places, hundreds of treasure banknotes cannot buy a bucket of millet.

The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, in order to meet the need for extravagance, issued an additional 3 million treasure banknotes every year, and even made new large-value banknotes to replace the old treasure banknotes, and learned the tricks of gold yuan coupons.

These things happened during the reign of Kublai Khan.

Speaking of irony, the founding master of the Yuan Dynasty, under his rule, the Dayuan Dynasty has already shown a state of subjugation, which can be compared to the Western Jin Dynasty.

There is no need to say more about what happened next. Yuan Ting issued treasure banknotes crazily, and issued them in different patterns. People resisted, so they switched to gold, silver and copper transactions. Yuan Ting did not allow metal transactions. Anyone who dared not use treasure banknotes would be killed. .

But the treasured banknotes kept depreciating. In this way, the more water was added, the more noodles were added, and the more water was added, until the Yellow River burst.

Tuotuo advocates changing the banknotes and re-issuing new banknotes, which are twice as valuable as the old banknotes.

But in the middle of the operation, the new banknotes are the same as the old banknotes. There is only one difference, which is to put a stamp on the back of the new banknotes... Such a nonsense method is naturally impossible to maintain.

Some masters simply forged a stamp, collected old banknotes and stamped it themselves, doubled their profits, and within a few days, they could be listed on the market soaring.

Counterfeit money was everywhere, and the banknote law collapsed. In just a few years, prices soared 70,000 times, and then there was a rebellion by the Red Turban Army, and the Dayuan Dynasty was exhausted...

A little bit of combing through the history of the Yuan Dynasty treasure banknotes shows that there are countless familiar bridges, such as the Bretton Woods system, the over-issue of Marks, the reform of the golden round, the hyperinflation in Zimbabwe, and even the collapse of the Portuguese Escudo... There are a hundred ways to collapse an entire banknote.

Sure enough, there is nothing new in history, it's just that people in different clothes play the same story over and over again.

Listening to Timur finishing these things first, especially the part about Tuotuo changing money, he tried his best to get back to his brother, but in the end, he had to sigh deeply.

"The power of the people is weak, the change of money is too hasty, the officials are too evil, and the method of banknotes is too bad... As a result, the people's mountains and rivers are exhausted, and the security can not be reversed!"

Hearing the complaints like Song Lian and others, they all shook their heads. Otherwise, let's stop messing around with money, this thing is really harmful!

On the other hand, Gong Bo Sui was more knowledgeable, he said: "The treasure banknotes are intended to circulate money and goods, to connect the world, to benefit the country and the people... Just don't waste it. Now the superiors occupy the prosperous land in the south of the Yangtze River, and the merchants are prosperous, which has existed since ancient times. No. If treasure banknotes are not issued and commerce and trade are not encouraged, I am afraid it will be detrimental to Zhu Jiajun.”

At this time, Jia Lu suddenly said, "The old man also got the news that Zhang Shicheng issued copper coins. If we can't come up with the means to deal with it, he will send people to our territory to buy supplies, I'm afraid it will cause a lot of trouble!"

The copper coin made by Zhang Shicheng is called Tianyou Tongbao. This thing is still a famous coin in later generations, and it has been sold for a sky-high price of 4.1 million in the auction house.

Speaking of the present, Zhang Shicheng, a private salt dealer, has been in business all the year round, playing with silver coins. He issued copper coins, which is still very reliable and quite popular with the people.

Song Lian hesitated: "Since Zhang Shicheng can issue copper coins, why can't we follow suit?"

Jia Lu smiled, "Zhang Shicheng occupies the land of Huaidong, where salt merchants gather, and he has a large reserve of gold, silver and copper coins. In addition, he has a large amount of salt. As long as he collects gold and silver, he can save a lot of silver every year. , to issue copper coins, no problem."

At this time, Liu Bowen suddenly whispered: "So, Zhang Shicheng is actually relying on Huaiyan?"

Jia Lu nodded, "Yes, he does rely on Huaiyan, but we don't!"

After discussing for a while, everyone basically reached a consensus that the currency thing must be done.

But if one is not good, the treasure banknote collapses, and the consequences are unimaginable.

Moreover, under the rule of Zhu Yuanzhang, there was always a lack of sufficient gold and silver reserves, which was always uneasy.

"Masters, we have said so much... I would like to ask the big guy, why is it necessary to use gold and silver as a reserve for the issuance of treasure notes, and Yuan Ting used raw silk at first, why is it okay?"

Liu Bowen immediately said: "A treasured note is just a piece of colorful paper, and if you exchange paper for something, it is a white wolf with empty gloves, and it must be endorsed by gold and silver! Only in this way can the people accept it. As for raw silk, this is the same principle! "

"No!"

Zhang Ximeng smiled and said, "It seems that the treasure note is a piece of paper and is not valuable, so it must have gold and silver as reserves. It seems to be correct, but the land deed and the house deed are not just a piece of paper? Why are they valuable?"

"This..." No matter how smart Liu Bowen was, he never learned finance in later generations. When Zhang Ximeng asked him, he could only reluctantly say: "Tian deeds represent fields, and housing deeds represent houses, which are different treasures."

"No! In fact, you can think of Baochao as a contract, but this contract is very special. It is not signed with a specific person, but signed with everyone. According to the agreement, holding this contract, You can go to the market to exchange for commodities of corresponding value... So this contract does not require gold and silver, but can only buy things."

The big guy couldn't help but took a breath and thought about Zhang Ximeng's words carefully~www.readwn.com~ At this time, Sun Yan suddenly said, "Zhang Xiang means that gold and silver cannot be eaten or drunk, and holding gold and silver is nothing. Practical use?"

Zhang Ximeng smiled, "You're half right, but there's still half... that is, we don't know how many things are on the market, and we don't know how many treasure banknotes we want. If we issue them at will, it's definitely not possible. We only have to anchor the treasure banknotes on the market. Above gold and silver, at least there is a basis, so that there will be no chaos."

Currency is the weakness of these traditional scholars, and it is not easy for them to figure out the key.

Zhang Ximeng simply said directly: "Actually, we can put aside gold and silver... As long as we figure out how much food there is in the territory, how many commodities are there, how much is traded every day, and how much money is needed, we can issue Huaxia Treasure Banknotes internally to facilitate the common people. With this piece of paper, you can buy food and pay taxes, in fact, there is no difference between paper and gold and silver.”

"And gold and silver are only needed for settlement with external transactions, just to make up the difference."

"In the final analysis, issuing treasure banknotes is not a test of how much gold and silver we have, but a test of our understanding of governance and our ability to govern!"

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