Black Technology Library

Chapter 182 Schrödinger's Cat
Cheers finally came from the brightly lit Academy of Intelligent Sciences. The sound was so loud that the other three branches and the transportation hub could hear their cheers.

What's wrong?This was the mental activity of the unidentified melon-eaters who heard the cheers. This kind of cheers really made them confused, but Zhu Cheng chose to keep the news in his stomach and make a fortune.

His single-atom capture project was perfectly successful, which allowed him to take a step forward in quantum science, which has been stagnant for so long. The significance of this step is to make the basic problems of quantum computers disappear. When it comes out, it will no longer be something on paper.

The reason why this thing is so difficult involves too many things. Human beings have been asking since the beginning of studying physics, what is light?What is matter?This problem has plagued mankind for 5000 years, and it has not been completely resolved until now.

Zhu Cheng is also troubled by a problem until now, that is, he has captured enough single atoms, and can help him build a quantum computer core with a high fault tolerance of the "Schrödinger's cat" state system, quantum CPU, we can simply understand This CPU is equivalent to the computing power of ten trillion silicon chip CPUs.

Schrödinger's cat is an unresolved proposition in physics. Countless people have put forward hypotheses for this, although with the efforts of Bohr and Heisenberg, in cooperation with German mathematician Max Born, several conjectures are barely explained. Schrödinger's cat conjecture, but it's still an open proposition.

And it loomed over the minds of all physicists for a long time.

Bohr once described quantum science and quantum mechanics in this way: "If anyone hears quantum theory without any confusion, then he must not understand it."

Schrödinger, a nickname left by the Austrian physicist, is called the cat abuser.

What he tried to explain was to explain the principle of quantum superposition state at the microscopic scale from a macroscopic point of view.

In a closed container, there is a cat, a poison gas barrel, a pile of radioactive substances, and a Gaia counter that controls the opening and closing of the poison gas barrel. This counter can measure the particles emitted by the radioactive substances.

Radioactive material has a 50% chance of emitting a particle and a 50% chance of not emitting a particle.When the Gaia counter detects particles, it opens the gas barrel and poisons the cat.

Of course, this cat is very likely to be extremely lucky. The radioactive material did not emit particles, and this poor cat will survive.

So the question is, was the cat alive or dead when people didn't open the box?

When the observer opens the cover, the life and death of the cat can be observed, the wave function is alive (survival), the function of the live cat, the wave function is dead (death), the function of the dead cat, if the cat is dead, the action of the observer, kill the cat.

But when we haven't opened the lid, the radioactive material is in a superposition state of decay or non-decay, and this cat is a superposition state of life or death.

Is a cat dead and alive at the same time?Is it in a state of immortality?It is too much conflict with common sense, and at the same time, from a biological point of view, this is also a strange thing. If our cat can talk, how can it tell about the bizarre superposition of life and death?

And Schrödinger's occasional thinking also aroused people's discussion. The uncertainty of the microscopic world has become the uncertainty of macroscopic particles.The famous uncertainty principle was born.

This theory made mathematics, a powerful weapon for people's science, lose its role, and caused the building of physics to collapse.

His statement is very simple, there is only one sentence, we cannot observe the position of a quantum or its velocity at the same time, if we want to observe the position of a quantum, we must use the shortest wavelength of electromagnetic waves to measure, but it cannot be measured speed.

If we want to observe quantum velocities, we must use sufficiently long waves.This way we cannot measure his position.

And a specific object has position but no speed, and has speed but no position, how ridiculous!
Uncertainty theory has also troubled Zhu Cheng. The core of his current quantum computer, the CPU of the highly fault-tolerant quantum computer of the "Schrödinger's cat" state system, is very important.

He is not worried about the development of quantum computers, but now he has completed the "Schrödinger cat" state of photons and the "Schrödinger cat" state of atoms. .

So what's next?Virus, unicellular, multicellular tissue and even human "Schrödinger's cat" state?
If you confirm the position, you can't confirm the speed, and if you confirm the speed, you can't observe the position. In the subjective world, there is a person who does not exist, but does exist?

What he is facing now is that he now has a lot of single atoms.

Now their speed is low enough that he can't observe the position of his "quantum", if he will end the freeze, then his can observe the position of "quantum", but the speed is too fast, and the "quantum" will break free from him escape from the trap.

This is not a problem that can be solved by strengthening the cage. The cage itself is also composed of multiple atoms. If the freezing ends, the cage will disperse.

So, he was confused, how should he find the position of his atom?If there is no atomic position, the CPU of the quantum computer cannot be born at all. This is the most important issue.

He stroked the hair on his head and knew that if he couldn't solve this problem, then his quantum computer would never exist.

When researching quantum computers, the first problem he encountered was freezing atoms. This problem was solved in Steven Chu’s liquid nitrogen plus laser optical syrup. The second problem was to effectively capture single atoms. This problem Perfect solution in the Academy of Intelligent Sciences.

Now facing the third obstacle, his "quantum" is like a ghost. If he heats up and speeds up the movement of atoms, then what he did before will be meaningless.

He now has two tools to draw on, the first being an ancient school called the Copenhagen Interpretation.This tool is based on a paradox. A paradox is an objective law that appears to be wrong, but is actually a common objective law in the scientific world. A paradox is not a logically contradictory proposition like a paradox.

Copenhagen Interpretation: Any experiment in physics, whether it concerns everyday phenomena or atomic events, is described in terms of classical physics.Both the macrocosm and the microcosm can be explained and described by classical mechanics.

For example, now Zhu Cheng is very interested in the single atoms in his cage, and has observed the initial velocity and initial position of the single atoms by some method, although this measurement is inaccurate according to the uncertainty principle.

But this inaccuracy is within a limited range. Using the mathematical tool probability function to express the possible errors, he can "approximately" measure the speed and position of his single atom.

This "probably" method of using single atoms is the method adopted by the famous quantum computer "D-Wave", called the annealing algorithm.

This computer is quite powerful, with a code of 512 qubits, but the calculation results of the annealing algorithm have a probability of being correct and a probability of being wrong.

For serious scientists, this is completely intolerable!Likewise, Zhu Cheng couldn't stand it either!
The second tool, called the fractal universe, is a plane where cats are dead, and another plane where cats are alive.

Hugh Everett proposed an interpretation called the "many worlds interpretation", which corresponds to the Copenhagen interpretation.

Point out that both cats are real.There's a live cat, there's a dead cat, and they're in different worlds.

When we look into the box, the world splits into its own two planes.The two versions are identical in every other respect.

The only difference is that in one of the planes, the atom decayed, and the Gaia counter measured the radioactive particles, released poisonous gas, and killed the cat; while in the other plane, the atom did not decay, the Gaia counter did not respond, and the cat still alive.

If Einstein was still alive, he would have appreciated this argument very much and strengthened his support, because he once said a famous saying "God does not play dice", which has influenced the development of physics to this day.

But imagine, because of the uncertainty of photons, electrons, atoms, and molecules, do we really need to fractal the universe?
Can every jump of an electron, every diffraction of a photon, every letter typed on a keyboard create a universe?
So how many universes have been created since the Big Bang?The number of universes is growing at an appalling rate every second?

This theory seems to create a huge universe in order to explain the diffraction of a small electron?

On the trunk of the big tree of the universe, how many branches are there, and how many fractal universes have grown?

Zhu Cheng suddenly felt that his hair would become thinner again. If he used the first tool, the Copenhagen Interpretation, he would have to experiment with "almost", "probably", "possibly", and "seemly". For a scientifically educated person like him, it was completely unbearable.

If we want to use the second tool of "interpretation of many worlds", well, then the entire universe is expanding at a geometric speed. Every action we take may create a universe, how terrible!
When everyone in the laboratory was about to celebrate, they saw Zhu Cheng's face was full of sadness, and his voice gradually became quieter. A bold assistant stepped forward weakly and asked, "Boss, our experiment was successful. Why did you Unhappy? Could it be that the experiment was wrong?"

"We have passed the atomic interferometer and made single-atom interference fringes emerge, but we are facing another serious problem!"

(End of this chapter)