Black Technology Library

Chapter 180
If we look at history from the current perspective, especially the history of science, all affairs follow a specific trajectory and are carried out in an orderly manner.

For example, Hertz discovered the photoelectric effect, and the black body formula bit a big hole in the big tree of classical mechanics.And Planck's hypothesis gave the slogan of "heresy" to innovate physics, which made Einstein's light quantum hypothesis born and became the first vanguard to attack the classics.

Of course, Newton's and Maxwell's equations are still deeply ingrained, and Einstein, like a little moth, gnawed hard at classical physics.

God created light, and Einstein told everyone what light is, and a person finally sees the nature of light.

Frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength, the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength.The lower the frequency, the longer the wavelength.

The frequency is proportional to the energy of a single photon, the higher the energy, the higher the frequency; the lower the energy, the lower the frequency.This is the true meaning of Planck's formula, and the proportional coefficient is Planck's constant.

Compton is the person who saw the essence of light. When he was studying the scattering of x-rays by free electrons, he discovered a strange phenomenon. Part of the scattered x-rays had the same wavelength as the original one, and some of them were longer than the original wavelength. A little more, and a little less frequently.

Just like a doctor sees a patient's electrocardiogram, in the middle of the steady electrocardiogram, there is a very conspicuous line of heartbeat change. He started research on this problem.

If light is regarded as small balls, and electrons are also regarded as small balls, when they collide, the energy of the light balls decreases when they collide.The frequency becomes lower and the wavelength increases, this problem is easily solved!

When x-rays are scattered by free electrons, a part of the photosphere collides with free electrons!
This aspect confirms Einstein's theory that light is a small particle.Einstein's theory of photoelectric effect and Compton's X-ray experiment report just set off the clarion call to attack classical mechanics.

Lattice structure, the Doppler effect of anode rays, x-ray radiation, and other papers are emerging one after another, and 'quantum science' is like a volcano that is about to erupt, accumulating its power.

The volatility of light is beyond doubt!Experiments with double-slit interference of light can be done in almost any middle school lab!

And light is a particle!It is a small ball, not only has energy, but also has momentum!It is an important result of the Compton effect.He proved that light is a particle.

However, the area of ​​God, which has not yet had time to smear, just opened up the tip of the iceberg. With the appearance of "electron diffraction phenomenon", scientists were completely confused. The scientist who proposed that electrons are a kind of phase wave is named Debro meaning.

He comes from a prominent French aristocratic family in France. His surname contains Louis. If you understand French history, you will understand the meaning of this word. It represents his glorious family history. This is the surname of a duke in France.Represents the romance of swords and flowers.

His older brother is the sixth duke and he is the seventh duke.

His prominent family background made him extremely dandy in his early years. After getting tired of the aristocratic ways, he suddenly became interested in physics. Using the power of his family, he studied under the famous physics master Lang Zhiwan and studied for a Ph.D. in physics.

A dandy who studied history became a doctoral student in logistics. His family was so powerful that Paul Lang Zhiwan couldn't refuse it. The lack of oil in his stomach was the symbol of De Broglie.

Such a person is apprenticed to Paul Lang Zhiwan, what can he learn?

When he was about to graduate, like all college students when they graduate, he put together a thesis, only one page in length!The shortest doctoral dissertation in history!Three of the four judges ruled that he was "suspected of plagiarism."

"It's so funny! Electrons are a kind of wave? You also deduced the de Broglie wavelength formula? You are sure that you didn't come to tease our IQ when you were exercising on the maid! Even if your father It's the Duke of France, even if he's still a cabinet minister! We can't pass such a ridiculous paper!"

"There is no specific formula in this paper! He didn't introduce this formula, although we can see it at a glance! If so, give him a graduation! What is the face of our University of Paris!"

"Evidence! Where is the evidence? We need evidence to support your argument, and you only have this page! How do you let me pass?"

Facing the roar of the three professors from the University of Paris, Debro smiled, adjusted his delicate hair, and said with a smile: "My father is a cabinet minister, a duke! Speak clearly!"

"Ridiculous! This is the University of Paris, even your father can't make a conclusion for us!"

Of course, after a clever debate, in the summer of [-], de Broglie received a doctorate in science from the University of Paris. The specific archives of dialogues and debates can only be glimpsed in later generations.

De Broglie's mentor, Paul Langevin, made full use of his contacts and wrote a letter to Einstein, saying: "...the above is de Broglie's graduation thesis, and I would like to mention to you by the way, The father of this doctoral student is the Duke of our country and he is a minister of the cabinet, if... (the original ink here is too thick to read clearly)..., you will be treated grandly when you come to France in the future."

Of course, this letter by Paul was written by De Broglie in order to let his younger brother graduate, and "forced" Paul Lang Zhiwan to write it. Einstein saw this paper with a wry smile on his face.

The meaning of this letter is obvious, this thesis, if you don’t say good thesis is good, then don’t come to France!

Of course, Einstein gave Paul Lang Zhiwan a good review.

"able to pass."

After carefully reading the one-page funny talk, he was secretly startled, crossed out four words that could pass through, and wrote a few large characters.

"This paper opened a corner of the curtain."

Based on this, Paul forcibly passed de Broglie's graduation thesis, which was called "Research on Quantum Theory". He only put forward a conjecture, thinking that everything is wave-like. This argument is quite funny.

Another great physicist, Schrödinger, saw this paper and realized the top-level knowledge-"Wave Mechanics", which created a magnificent quantum era, and "Davidson" and "Germer" proved that electrons have wave properties through experiments. Tom Sun and David Sun completed the electron diffraction experiment on the crystal.

De Broglie was the first to win the Nobel Prize in Physics for his doctoral dissertation, and he relied on a thesis with only one piece of paper.

The image of the playboy in the early years has long been deeply ingrained. In Einstein's super high evaluation and people continue to demonstrate his funny conjecture at the beginning-everything can be waved.He also started working hard.

A group of people put him on the altar. This kind of encouragement to become a god made him feel that that piece of paper has a lot to do. He has published [-] books on matter waves, and he is also a national academician in [-] countries.He is an honorary doctorate of six European universities.These six universities are well-known in Europe.

This is due to the fact that electrons, atoms, neutrons and other microscopic particles all exhibit volatility!People name the fluctuation of this object as "de Broglie wave", that is, matter wave.

Diffraction phenomenon occurs only when electrons have "waves". The electron source emits electrons with a certain energy flow, which hits the surface of nickel single crystal. On the receiver, there are multiple concentric circle-like fluctuation diagrams, which means that electrons have fluctuations. sex.Let all scientists scratch their heads greatly.

Light is obviously a wave, but the result has particle nature.The electron is obviously a small particle, but it shows volatility!This kind of trouble almost made the rare hair on the heads of all logistics scientists even rarer.

Someone asked De Broglie what he thought of this phenomenon.

"Today's radiation physics is divided into two viewpoints, particle and wave. These two extreme viewpoints should be unified in a certain way, rather than always and sharply opposed-this is not conducive to the development prospects of the theory."

His answer neither offended the Wave faction nor the Particle faction, a typical peaceful peacemaker image, but it was this hypothesis that attracted the thinking of ignoring scientists. After all, no one can win the Nobel Prize with a single paper. prize.

The wave-particle war is raging on the earth, and what Zhu Cheng wants to use is the characteristic that electrons are both a kind of wave and a kind of particle to complete his capture of single atoms.

And the leader of the Affiliated College of Intelligence Science is Zhu Cheng himself. Whether it is Venus or the quantum computer that will be released soon, they are all important weapons in the country, and there is no way to leak any news.

If it is known by the capitalists, or by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, his technology is likely to be leaked.

Do you want to use all kinds of hole cards in your hand to fight a war of annihilation with the world?He is not a saboteur, so he decided to keep it secret until there is a deeper, more advanced quantum technology before he can announce it.

"The atoms are trapped in a magneto-optical trap combined with a specific gradient magnetic field and a polarized laser. Now we have managed to capture ten tenth power atoms in the magneto-optical trap. Just wait for you to continue our experiment. "

This is an experiment report given to him by his laboratory assistant, a doctoral student from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Although his title is also a doctoral student, no one dares to underestimate his current scientific status.

How big is ten to the tenth power?It is about the same as the total number of people on the earth. This number is not enough to complete the single-atom quantum state experiment, and he still needs to take a scoop of three thousand.

The easiest way to capture a single atom is to make a very small trap, so small that it can only hold one atom!

ps: The schematic diagram of the discovery principle of the Compton effect has been sent to the group sharing.Today's single update explains that because work has been a bit busy these days, no accidents, there will be three updates tomorrow to make up for today's update.

(End of this chapter)