The Woman Behind Kangxi: The Biography of Virtuous Concubine

Chapter 152 Supplementary Concubine Liang's Information

The first stage is the period of the highest political status among the foreign vassals in Mongolia (1636-1659).In a practical sense, after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the Yuan regime did not perish, but retreated outside the Great Wall, which can be called Beiyuan, and Lin Dan Khan was the last great Khan of Beiyuan.After E Zhe surrendered, he dedicated the jade seals of the successive emperors of the Yuan Dynasty to Huang Taiji. ②In the first year of Chongde, the 49 lords of the sixteen tribes of Monan Mongolia headed by Ezhe held a meeting in Shengjing (now Shenyang, Liaoning) to respect Emperor Taiji as the Great Khan of Mongolia, and presented "Bogdache Chen" Khan" title, the entire Monan Mongolian tribes surrendered to the Qing Dynasty.Later that year, Jin changed the name of the country to Qing, and Huang Taiji officially proclaimed himself emperor.Huang Taiji was very happy. He not only named Ezhe the Prince of Heshuo, ③ "The rank of the prince is the most honorable, ranking above the kings of Zhasak, and he will not separate his subjects, and he will still be in charge."[3] And will His own daughter ④ married Prince Ezhe.Since then, the central government of the Manchus has been implementing a soft policy for the outer vassal Chahar, and the outer vassal Chahar also actively obeyed the dispatch of the central government. In the early Qing Dynasty, he participated in the Battle of Songjin, the Battle of Beijing and Shandong, the Battle of Shanhaiguan and the Shunzhi War. In the early years, he pursued the battle of Tengjisi of Sunite's troops, charged into battle with the Eight Banners soldiers, and made great contributions to the establishment of the Central Plains in the Qing Dynasty. In 1641 (the first month of the sixth year of Chongde), Prince Ezhe died of illness at the age of 20 without heirs.His half-brother Abu Nai was young, and was regented by Princess Gulun (1641-1648). In 1645 (the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty), Princess Gulun remarried Abu Nai. In 1648 (the fifth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty), Abu Nai became the prince of Heshuo and became the second Zasak (banner leader) of Chahar, the foreign domain. This period was the period when the affinity between Chahar and the central dynasty was the highest. .

The second stage, the period of friction with the central government (1659-1669), started with the Azisa assassination case as a turning point. In 1659 (May, the 16th year of Shunzhi), a criminal case occurred in the Chahar Banner of the Outer Domain. Prince Abu Nai of Heshuo and his officials misconducted the trial and were severely punished by the Qing court. This incident and subsequent incidents, It directly led to the destruction of Chahar Banner. "Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty" records: "At the meeting of the Lifan Council, Abu Nai, the prince of the Gulun forehead of the Chahar Kingdom, did not follow the rules to inform the king of Zhasakbie Banner and Baylor because Azisa was stabbed with a knife. etc., beheaded without authorization, the prince should be cut off, and a thousand horses should be fined. Gushan Ezhen Akrahu and Karma Sereng who tried Azisa's case did not disclose Azisa's parents and Yidiyi's wife. Please behead this king, you should abandon the market and have no family property. His Karma Sereng attacked Tuosha Lahafan, and let his other branch children inherit it. The co-trials Samaktan, Chuohu, and Xida , Jinjin, Borbo, Taer, Sereng, etc. should all have no family property. At the meeting, the decree was obtained, and Abu Nai waived the prince's title and fined 4 horses. From being pardoned to death, and Samaktan, Chuohu, Xida, Jinjin, Borbo, Tarang, Sereng, etc. are all gone, Yu Yiyi." [[-]] This punishment angered the young and energetic Abu Prince Nai, as a descendant of the Mongolian Great Khan, Abu Nai is pretentious, so he has a grudge against the central government and no longer makes pilgrimages.After Emperor Kangxi ascended the throne, Abu Nai still did not come to the court, and the Qing court repeatedly tolerated his despise of the central government.

The third stage is the period of the military rebellion against the Qing Dynasty and the removal of the vassal by the central government (1669-1675), with the imprisonment of Prince Abu Nai as the starting turning point.In February of the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), Prince Abu Nai was investigated and dealt with by the Mingli Fanyuan, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty. "Records of the Holy Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty" records: "The Ministry of Rites please confer the titles of the Mongolian princesses in the outer vassal. The decree is the wife of Prince Chahar Abunai (Note: Princess Gulun died of illness in the second year of Kangxi, this should be the Mongolian wife of Prince Abunai) The closure of the book is as discussed. Abnai is the one who was captured by the expedition, but the eldest princess Gulun was appointed as the prince, and she was favored and favored. Compared with the inner kings and outer Mongolian kings, it was not too much , not inferior. But the kings outside, Baylor, etc., come to greet each year, and come to court on New Year’s Day. Abu Nai has neglected his kindness, and has not invited him for eight years. (I) send people to visit the son born to the princess every year. , awarded the gift, Abu Nai still did not personally ask the Empress Dowager and my bow. The youngest son (referring to Luo Buzang) born to the princess should be raised by Abu Nai, but he handed it over to the eldest son of the separated family (referring to Burni), It belongs to He Xin. Such plots are subject to strict investigation and discussion by the Lifan Court.” [5] In May Wushen (16th), Emperor Kangxi designed to arrest the domineering auxiliary minister Ao Bai, and punished him. Punishment of Chahar, a foreign vassal who despised the imperial court, was an important measure for Kangxi to take charge of the government and establish prestige, and Abu Nai was severely punished again.At the end of May (27th) "The Court of Li Fan complied with the decree and replied: Abnai has no vassal etiquette, disrespectful, and should be punished with death. He was removed from the royal title, and he was not allowed to inherit. After obtaining the decree, Abnai should be executed according to the agreement. But Xiang Jingenyu, Gu Cong pardoned death, ordered the prince to go to Shengjing, and banned Shengjing.”[6] In September, after the Qing court arrested Prince Abu Nai and imprisoned him in Shengjing, he ordered his eldest son Burni to attack and The title of Prince Shuo, and became the third Zasak (banner chief) of Chahar, a foreign domain.Prince Burni, who succeeded his father, resumed his normal pilgrimage, but both the prince and his officials were superficially obedient and harbored resentment, which laid a hidden danger for future military rebellion against the Qing Dynasty.

In 1673 (the 12th year of Kangxi), San Francisco rebelled, and the Manchu and Qing troops were dispatched to the six southern provinces to suppress the rebellion, leaving the capital empty.In April of the 14th year of Kangxi (1675), the young and energetic Prince of Burni took advantage of Wu Sangui's rebellion and wanted to rob his father Abu Nai from Shengjing to rebel against the Qing Dynasty.The Qing court dispatched Fuyuan General Duo Luoxin County King Eza and Deputy General Tuhai to lead tens of thousands of slaves to suppress.Before the Burni rebellion, people were sent to contact the neighboring Mongolian tribes such as Tumot, Naiman, and Karaqin to join the rebellion. However, only the king of Naimandarhan County Zhamushan and the Duke of Khalkhafu who belonged to Chahar Chuzabu responded.The other banners either reported their rebellion or sent troops to assist in the suppression. Burni was alone and was soon defeated by the Qing army.In the battle of Dalu, the Qing army defeated the Chahar soldiers, and the Dutong Jinjin led its clan to surrender to the front of the battle, and the rest fled.The Qing army pursued to thirty miles east of Wazi Mansion, and more than [-] troops led by five assistant leaders under Prince Burni surrendered.Burni and his younger brother Luo Buzang were defeated and fled. On their way, Shajin, the Prince of Horqin, came to suppress them, but refused to persuade them to surrender. Shajin led his troops to chase Burni and Luo Buzang, and shot the Burni brothers to death.After suppressing the rebellion, the Qing court severely punished Burni’s cronies and subordinate officials, and instigated and followed the Burni brothers’ rebellion among the [-] foreign ministers of Chahar. Except for six people who were killed in battle and three who were missing, the remaining five were found in the army. Before Fa-rectification, his rebel wives and children were rewarded to meritorious officers and soldiers.The Qing government also dealt with Abu Nai severely, and executed Abu Nai, who was imprisoned in Shengjing.Burni's wife was originally the daughter of Boluo, Prince An of the Manchu nationality, and belonged to his father, Prince An. Luo Buzang's wife was handed over to Shajin because of his brother-in-law's contribution to suppressing the rebellion, and her daughter was not in the official position.Some of its subjects belonged to the Eight Banners of Manchuria, and the other part took refuge in the Mongolian Banners of the Outer Fans.In September, the Qing government dispatched the minister of the Lifan Academy, Bo Luote, and others to temporarily place the escaped population of the Chahar Banner in Yizhou, Jinzhou, etc., and then moved to Xuanhua, Hebei Province, and Datong, Shanxi Province respectively, and scattered them into the Eight Banners of Manchuria. He and the Mongolian Zuo Ling served in the military, and the original Banner and Zuo organizations were completely abolished.At this point, the Mongol descendants of Chahar, the foreign domain, were extinct, and the flag was cut off, marking the complete collapse of the Northern Yuan regime and its rest.

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Concubine Liang is a Mongolian relative with high bloodlines—because Concubine Liang’s ancestor, Lin Dan Khan, owned the jade seal of the Yuan Dynasty, which symbolizes the descendants of Genghis Khan’s direct line.

Unfortunately, for the sake of great unification, the princess of Monan Mongolia was confiscated by Kangxi as a slave.

Although this information only mentions that the daughters of Abu Nai’s youngest son were confiscated into the government as slaves in 14 years, I guess that although Abu Nai had been attacked several times before, Kangxi did not drive the Abu Nai family to extinction. Only when the army was defeated, it was recorded that their female relatives were either sent back to their hometowns or rushed into the government as slaves.

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From the information I just found, it turns out that Concubine Liang’s background is so noble, it’s overturned. I speculate that she was a well-educated official lady before she was convicted, but it turned out that she was a princess from Monan Mongolia. This is interesting. Kangxi was her murderer. Father and enemy, such a powerful character let me pass by accidentally, why did I find out now~~~~ I am too lazy to overthrow and rewrite, everyone will just let it go.

(End of this chapter)