Know all about the secrets of the harem

Chapter 30
In the early morning of the next day, when the soldiers had assembled, Lu Bu was also in full armor, holding a painting halberd, and was waiting in front of the gate.Captain Li Su begged for orders, Lu Bu met Li Su face to face, and signaled with his eyes, Li Su understood, and hurried away.It turned out that Lu Bu and Li Su wanted to conspire to kill Dong Zhuo.

After a while, Dong Zhuo came out wearing iron armor inside and court clothes outside, surrounded by guards on both sides like a wall.Lu Bu got on the red rabbit horse and followed closely.Suddenly there was a Taoist in front of him, holding a long pole, and tied a piece of cloth to the pole, with the word "口" written on each side of the cloth, and kept saying, "Cloth! Cloth!" Although Dong Zhuo was surprised, he thought Chen Bing was protecting him. , From the middle of the mansion to the lower part of the palace, the defense is well guarded.Forgive me for nothing.Near the Beiye Gate, the horse stopped suddenly, raised its head and neighed, Dong Zhuo couldn't help being suspicious even now, and planned to turn back.Lu Bu said: "We have reached the front of the gate, and it is difficult to return. If something unexpected happens, what are you afraid of if you have a son here?" Then he got off his horse and helped the cart, and went straight to Beiye Gate.Most of the guards were standing outside the gate, only Lü Bu was driving in. Suddenly, he saw Li Su protruding from the gate, holding his halberd and stabbing Dong Zhuo. , injured his wrist, and fell on his back in the car.He shouted why Lu Bu killed himself so painfully.Lv Bu sternly said from behind: "There is an order to punish thieves!" Dong Zhuo scolded angrily: "How dare a mediocre dog do that!"Lü Bu took out the imperial edict from his bosom, and read it out to the crowd saying that Dong Zhuo had rebelled against the barbarians, and the rest did not ask.As a result, the turmoil among Dong Zhuo's officials at home and abroad gradually subsided.Situ Wang allowed Lu Bu to return to Dong Zhuo's house, and ordered Yushi Huangfusong to lead his troops to Tumeiwu.Lu Bu straddled his horse and galloped into Dong Zhuo's mansion. All Dong's concubines were killed, leaving only Diaochan behind, and carried them back to the private residence.

Huangfu Song attacked Liwu, and Dong's relatives, regardless of gender, age or age, were beheaded, and all the women from good families who were hiding were released.At dusk, there was a dead body lying across the road in the city, with grease smeared on the ground, the navel of the dead body was lit with fire, and the light was as bright as day.

Dong Zhuo's subordinates Li Cui, Guo Si, Zhang Ji and others surrounded Chang'an with troops.The city of Chang'an was destroyed and Wang Yun was killed. Lü Bu hung Dong Zhuo's head under his horse, led hundreds of disabled riders, and went to Yuan Shu.After Dong Zhuo's death, all the lords competed in the Central Plains. Lv Bu was once invincible, but he was brave but not resourceful.Capricious, leading to the betrayal of relatives, and finally Cao Cao took the head in Pengcheng.Diao Chan's whereabouts are unknown.There is a folklore that she was captured by Guan Yu. Guan Yu accused her of being a beauty, and wanted to kill her with the Qinglong Yanyue knife, but because Diao Chan was too beautiful, he couldn't lift the knife. Guan Yunchang, who became angry, drank a few jars of wine and killed Diao Chan while his eyes were dim. .

There is no single word record of Diao Chan in history books, but Diao Chan's deeds are very detailed in unofficial history novels.In Guan Hanqing's play, she is called Ren Hongchang, and she was named Diaochan because she was in charge of the Diaochan hat in the palace.It is estimated that it is a fiction of writers, but some scholars have verified it in this way. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Lu Bu Biography" states that Lu Bu was not as good as Dong Zhuo because of a trivial matter. Dong Zhuo was furious and threw a halberd at Lu Bu. Fortunately, Lu Bu was able to avoid it because of his light hands and feet, and Lu Bu had an affair with Dong Zhuo's maid. But there is no mention of Diao Chan.The drama "Guan Gong Kills Diaochan under the Moon" said that Cao Cao wanted to confuse Guan Yu with Diaochan's beauty, but Guan Yu was unmoved and killed Diaochan to show his heart.

More often Diao Chan exists as a public lover.Diao Chan inadvertently draws a stroke in everyone's heart, and her ethereal and ethereal image can still "close the moon" after thousands of years.

Princess Wencheng: Daughter of the Tang family who married Tubo

In Chinese history, there are many cases of princesses or clan girls marrying foreign kings and marriages. As far as the situation is concerned, there are no more than two situations: one is that the national power is weak, and the marriage is compromised to make a good relationship with the foreign country; One is that the country is powerful and powerful, and it appeases remote countries with marriage, which means giving marriages.The former is humble, using the beauty and femininity of women to ease conflicts on the battlefield; the latter is arrogant, showing off the posture of a great power, and using kinship to win over wild people outside the border.During Tang Taizong's period, Princess Wencheng married Tubo far away, which is a model of the latter kind of marriage situation.

Tubo is now Tibet, and there was no contact with China before the Tang Dynasty.It is said that the Tubo people are the descendants of the bald-haired Lilugu from Xianbei, the king of Nanliang at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Because they lost their country, they went to the Tibetan plateau. For "Tubo".The Tibetans live a nomadic life, raising yaks, horses, pigs and dromedary camels, and some also grow highland barley and wheat.In the 7th century AD, Qizong Nongzan succeeded to the throne as Tubo Zanpu (King of Tubo). People also called him Songtsen Gampo. He was a brave and brave leader. He led the army to unify many tribes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. , Established a powerful kingdom centered on Luoxie City, which is today's Lhasa.In the 12th year of Emperor Taizong Zhenguan, Songtsen Gampo led the Tubo army to attack Songzhou, a border city of the Tang Dynasty, which is today's Songpan County, Sichuan.The Tang Dynasty under the rule of Tang Taizong was rich and powerful at this time, so Hou Junji was sent to lead the army to crusade.He defeated Tubo at the foot of Songzhou city.Songtsan Gampo had no choice but to bow his head and bow his head as a minister, and admired Tang's strength. While writing a letter of apology, he also proposed to Tang Ting.

After some consideration, Tang Taizong decided to agree to his request, so he selected a daughter of the clan who was proficient in poetry and books in the palace, and named her Princess Wencheng.Princess Wencheng was originally the daughter of a distant relative of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, surnamed Hou Wang. up.

After more than two months of preparation, in the mid-winter of the 15th year of Zhenguan, a very impressive send-off team, led by Li Daozong, Shangshu Jiangxia County King Li Daozong, escorted Princess Wencheng to Tubo to get married.

The reason why we set off in the middle of winter is because it takes more than a month to travel from Chang'an to Tibet via Longnan and Qinghai. Along the way, we have to pass through several fast-moving rivers.This team, in addition to carrying a rich dowry, also brought a large number of books, musical instruments, silk and grain seeds; apart from the maidservants married by Princess Wencheng, there were also a group of scribes, musicians and agricultural technicians. It is like a "cultural visiting group" and "agricultural technology team".What are these people going to do?Because at that time Tubo had already become an important and powerful state in the southwest; Tang Taizong had far-sighted considerations and felt that only by strengthening the win over Tubo could the stability of the southwestern border of the Tang Dynasty be guaranteed. Appreciate and follow Datang subtly.In fact, Princess Wencheng married far away with the political task of maintaining diplomatic relations, and this team of sending off her relatives also went to assist her in completing this task.

After more than a month of arduous trek against the wind and snow, when the spring is warm and the flowers are blooming, Princess Wencheng and her party arrive at the source of the Yellow River—Heyuan, where there are lush water and grass, and flocks of cattle and sheep. The spirit was lifted.Princess Wencheng, who was worried about the bad terrain in Tubo along the way, also breathed a sigh of relief at this time, so the sending team took a short rest for several days here.

At this time, Songtsan Gampo personally led a large group of welcoming troops to Heyuan. Songtsan Gampo and his party saw the envoy of the Tang Dynasty, Jiangxia County King Li Daozong, and worshiped him. As the upper kingdom of Tubo.Li Daozong invited Princess Wencheng to meet Songtsan Gampo. The Tubo king, who was traveling on the plateau, fell in love with her when he saw the golden branches and jade leaves in the middle land. Princess Wencheng was dressed in a gorgeous dress, with a dignified and elegant demeanor. , is completely incomparable with the primitive and simple Tubo women.The Songtsan Gampo that Princess Wencheng saw was dark and rough by the scorching sun and strong wind on the plateau, but with his tall and strong figure and the bold spirit exuding from his brows, he looked very heroic; I am secretly glad that I have married a great husband.

Songtsan Gampo built the "Bohai Resort", and a couple of different races spent their wedding night in this beautiful place.

When Songtsan Gampo and Princess Wencheng arrived in Yushu (in today's Qinghai Province), they saw the beautiful scenery and pleasant climate here, and they needed to rest after a long journey, so they lived in a valley for a month.In her spare time, Princess Wencheng took out the grain seeds and rapeseeds given to her by her father, and together with the craftsmen, she taught Yushu people the methods of planting, flour milling, wine making and other techniques.People in Yushu were very grateful to Princess Wencheng, and they were reluctant to part when the princess was about to leave for Lhasa.The local Tibetans still kept the ruins of her accounting house, engraved her deeds and appearance on the stone, and worshiped her every year.AD 710.During Tang Zhongzong's time, another princess of the Tang Dynasty, Princess Jincheng, also married the king of Tibet. When passing by here, she built a temple for Princess Wencheng and named it "Princess Wencheng Temple".

Princess Wencheng enters Tibet
Songtsan Gampo and Princess Wencheng crossed the snow-capped mountains and plateaus, and the procession of seeing off and welcoming their relatives entered Luoxie City majestically. A grand wedding was held, and people all over the city sang and danced for their Zanpu and his wife.Songtsan Gambo said to his subordinates irresistibly: "My family and my father have never had a precedent for intermarriage to go to the country. I am lucky to have a princess from the Tang Dynasty as my wife. I want to build a magnificent palace for the princess. to leave it to future generations."

Soon, a beautiful palace was built, with magnificent and gorgeous houses.The pavilions are exquisite and elegant.A pond with rippling blue waves was also excavated, and various beautiful flowers and trees were planted. All the establishments imitated the model of the Tang Dynasty official garden, which was used to settle Princess Wencheng and comfort her homesickness.In order to have more common language with Princess Wencheng, Songtsan Gampo took off the fur he was used to wearing and put on the silk Tang suit that Princess Wencheng sewed for him. He also tried his best to learn Chinese from Princess Wencheng. The interracial couple, with a harmonious relationship, love and respect each other, started their new life.

According to traditional habits, Tibetans use ochre-colored soil to smear their cheeks every day, saying that it can ward off evil spirits and avoid evil spirits. act.

After Princess Wencheng arrived in Tubo, she carefully understood and figured out this habit, and thought it was unreasonable and harmful to hygiene.Songtsan Gampo felt that her words were very reasonable, and immediately ordered the abolition of this custom. At first, some nostalgic Tibetans were not used to it, but gradually they all felt that it was convenient and beautiful to maintain their original colors. They were all willing to accept it, and they were even very grateful to Princess Wencheng for breaking the stereotypes for them.

After life settled down, the Han musicians brought by Princess Wencheng began to perform their duties. They worked very hard to play the most popular music of Tang officials for Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng. The music was soothing and beautiful, which made Songtsen Gampo famous. He praised the musicians and music for the feeling of fairy sound, and selected a group of talented young boys and girls to learn from Han musicians, so that Han music gradually spread throughout the territory of Tubo, and flowed into the hearts of Tubo people. .

The accompanying scribes also began to work. They helped to organize relevant documents of Tubo, record important conversations that Songtsan had announced with the ministers, and made Tubo's politics out of primitiveness and formalization.Songtsen Gambo was delighted, and ordered the ministers and the children of the nobles to worship the scribes sincerely, learn Han culture, and study the poems they brought; and then he sent batches of noble children to thousands of miles. Trekking, went to Chang'an, entered the Tang Dynasty, studied poetry and books, and brought the Han culture back to Tubo.

The agricultural technicians don't preach anything. They just sow the grain seeds brought from the Central Plains on the fertile soil of the plateau, and then carefully irrigate, fertilize, and weed. The high yield made the Tibetans' eyes wide open; because although the Tibetans also planted some crops such as highland barley and buckwheat at that time, they often ignored them due to poor management, so the yield was extremely low. They had to admire the agricultural technology of the Han people. Staff superb planting technology.

Instigated by Songtsan Gampo and Princess Wencheng, agricultural technicians began to teach Tibetans agricultural technology in a planned way, so that they could harvest a large amount of food while nomadic.Especially after the technology of planting mulberry and silkworm was passed on to them, Tubo also gradually produced homemade silk fabrics, which are soft in luster and rich in color, which greatly beautified the life of Tubo people and made them overjoyed. They are very grateful to Princess Wencheng. The benefits brought to them after the Tibetan people.

Princess Wencheng treated Songtsan Gampo with kindness and tenderness, which made the Tubo king, who grew up in a barren land, deeply appreciate the cultivation and warmth of Han women. He not only cherished Princess Wencheng, but also did his best for some of her suggestions. adoption.

Princess Wencheng, relying on her own knowledge and insights, carefully observed the people's sentiments in Tubo, and then put forward various reasonable suggestions to assist her husband in governing this country with a vast territory and simple folk customs.And Princess Wencheng is not the kind of woman who is very powerful. She participated in the governance of the country, but she never asked Songtsan Gampo to give her any official position. Regarding the major political decisions of the Tubo Kingdom, she only expressed her own opinions, and did not force them. put one's oar in.Therefore, Songtsan Gampo and the ministers were very pleasing to her eyes, and often asked her for advice on the political system of the Tang Palace as a reference for their administration, and the majority of Tubo people even regarded her as a god.

In the 22nd year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty sent Chief Shi Wang Xuance to Tubo, on the one hand to reconcile the relationship between the two countries, and on the other hand to visit Princess Wencheng who was married far away.Wang Xuance led an envoy team to take a large number of silk cultural relics on the road. When they passed through Tianzhu, they were unfortunately robbed by Tianzhu people. Except for Wang Xuance who escaped with a small number of people, most of them and their belongings were taken away.

Wang Xuance arrived in Tubo in embarrassment, met Songtsen Gampo and explained the situation of the robbery. Songtsen Gampo believed that Tianzhu was deliberately provoking and destroying his relationship with the Tang Dynasty, so he sent an army to attack Tianzhu and destroyed their capital. The prince of Tianzhu was captured, a large number of livestock were also seized, and the entourage of the Tang Dynasty envoy was rescued, which can be regarded as a sigh of relief for the Tang Dynasty envoy.

In the 23rd year of Zhenguan, Tang Taizong Li Shimin died, and the crown prince succeeded Tang Gaozong.The new Emperor of the Tang Dynasty granted Songtsan Gampo the title of Commandant of Fuma and the King of Xihai County, and sent special envoys to send a large amount of gold, silver, silk, poems and books, grain seeds, and especially ornaments and cosmetics for Princess Wencheng. , to encourage her and her relatives and relatives.

Songtsan Gampo wrote a letter of thanks for his gratitude, and said faithfully: "When the Son of Heaven first came to the throne, if the ministers are disloyal, they should serve as soldiers and go to the country to get rid of them." He also offered fifteen kinds of jewels, and please put them in front of Taizong's spirit. To express condolences.Tang Gaozong was very moved by Songtsan Gampo's loyalty, and he was promoted to be the king of the guest, and he also gave him three thousand pieces of colored silk. Tang Gaozong agreed to the technology of making rice and making paper, pens, inkstones and inkstones one by one.The relationship between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo, on the basis of Princess Wencheng's contact, has reached the peak of perfect harmony so far.

Under the efforts of Songtsen Gambo and Princess Wencheng to carry out reforms, and the proper planning of Lu Dongzan (the prime minister of Tubo), Tubo has achieved rapid development in military, political, economic, and cultural aspects. Can dominate the Western Regions and become a powerful barrier to the West in the Tang Dynasty.

Unfortunately, Songtsen Gampo passed away not long after, and his grandson succeeded Zanpu. Because Zanpu was young, Lu Dongzan was in charge of most state affairs, and Princess Wencheng was in charge of family affairs. At this time, everything was relatively stable.However, Lu Dongzan also died soon, and his son Qinling followed suit and made a big argument. At this time, the relationship between Tubo and its neighbor Tuyuhun deteriorated. Unable to stop, he raised troops and defeated Tuyuhun.Unexpectedly, this move violated the majesty of the Tang court. Tang Gaozong believed that before he made a judgment, Tubo used force without hesitation, and did not take the Tang Dynasty seriously. Therefore, in the first year of Xianheng, he sent Xue Rengui, the supervisor, to attack Tibet.

Unexpectedly, Xue Rengui's army was completely defeated by the Tubo army. From then on, the Tubo people no longer accepted Datang's anger, and invaded the border of Datang year after year.Tang Ting sent a large army commander to guard Taohe to prevent harassment from the Tubo army. The two sides fell into a hostile situation, and Tubo became the biggest enemy that the Tang Dynasty could not solve.

From the early spring of the 15th year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan, when Princess Wencheng married Songtsan Gampo, to the first year of Emperor Gaozong Xianheng Xue Rengui led the army to conquer Tubo, for a full 30 years, because of Princess Wencheng's erudition and versatility, it had a civilized influence on Tubo. It is very large. It not only consolidated the western frontier defense of the Tang Dynasty, but also spread the culture of the Han nationality to the Western Regions. This is the proud work of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty.It's a pity that Tang Gaozong couldn't make good use of it in the end, and easily provoked the war, resulting in an unmanageable situation, which made the harmonious situation created by Princess Wencheng come to an abrupt end, how regrettable!

In the first year of Emperor Gaozong Yonglong of Tang Dynasty, Princess Wencheng died of illness in Luoxie City. Tang Ting sent envoys to pay homage to her, but failed to improve the diplomatic relations between the two countries.However, Princess Wencheng's admiration by Tubo officials and people did not decrease slightly because of her estrangement from the Tang Dynasty. Her death caused the pain of all Tubo people.

After the death of Princess Wencheng, the Tubo people built temples and shrines for her everywhere to commemorate her.Some cultural craftsmen who came with her have also been generously treated. After they died, they were also buried on both sides of Princess Wencheng's tomb.Up to now, Princess Wencheng and these friendly envoys are still regarded as gods by Tibetans.

(End of this chapter)