Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching
Chapter 81
Chapter 81
[Trust words are not beautiful, but good words are not true.Those who are good do not argue, and those who argue are not good.Those who know don't know well, and those who know well don't know. 】
Luo Zhenyu said: "Knowledge" is "wisdom" in Dunhuang Xinben.
Takeuchi Yoshio said: "Those who are good don't argue", and Dun and Sui are after the two sentences "Those who know don't know well".
The case of modesty: the two sentences of Yan and Gu are the same as those of Dun and Sui.Fu and Fan's two sentences of "good people don't argue" are combined with "words".
Yu Yue said: According to this, it is regarded as "the believer is not beautiful, and the beautiful is not convinced", which is the same as the grammar below "the good man does not argue, and the debater is not good; the knower does not know well, and the knower does not know".He Shanggong’s note on "Believers are not beautiful" says: "Believers are as they are. Those who are not beautiful are simple and quality." It can be proved that the ancient text "Believers are not beautiful" does not have the word "words".
Tao Hongqing said: According to Heshang's notes, An Yu's family knows that the two words "words" in the scriptures are both regarded as "zhe", which is the same as the following ones.According to Wang's note today: "The real essence lies in simplicity." However, the interpretation of the meanings of "faith" and "beauty" is not as good as "words".
Qian's case: Yu and Tao Zhi said it was wrong.Wenxin Diaolong Qingcai said: "I am sick of falsehood, so I call it 'beautiful words are not believed'." Liu Xie saw Laozi's original writing of the word "words".Heshang commented on this sentence: "Whoever speaks beautiful words, breeds Chinese words. If you don't believe it, it will be false and empty." Cheng Xuanying also wrote the preface to the title and titled this chapter as the "Faith Words" chapter.Shuyun: "Faith is truth. Beauty is flamboyance. A person who speaks virtuously... what he says is true but not flashy....flirtatious words... are obedient and reasonable, so they don't believe it. Therefore Zhuang It is said that "dogs do not consider good barking to be good, and people do not consider good words to be virtuous." It can be proved that the Heshang version is the same as the stele version.The sentence in Chapter 62 of Wang's Note "Good words can be marketed" says: "If you say good words, you can win the merchants of goods, so it is said that 'good words can market'." This chapter notes: "The essence is also in the simplicity .” The meaning is exactly the same.Although there is no "word", but the word is in it, how can it be proved that what he sees must be "one"?There are also two sentences of "good people don't argue", Jiao Hong said: "An ancient book is 'good words don't argue, and debates are not good'." And Zhuangzi Qiwu's theory of "great debates don't speak", the language is also the same."I don't know the depth, but the knowledge is shallow" in Zhibeiyou, which is similar to the meaning of the two sentences "The one who knows doesn't know much".
[The sage does not accumulate, he thinks that others have more, and he thinks that he will give others more. 】
Yan Kejun said: "Since I think of people", the imperial annotation is "with people".
Luo Zhenyu said: The two editions of Yuzhu and Jingfu "for" are "and".
Qian's case: Xing Xuan, Qingyang, Fenxi, and Lou Zheng all made "and".Two "Yu" characters, Xing Xuan made "Yu" and Fan made "Yu". The ancient character "Yu" was mistaken for "Yu"."Yu" in the five chapters of the stele is also called "Yu".Also, "sages do not accumulate", Yan, Peng, Fu, Zhao, and Gao all wrote "no accumulation", Fan wrote "no accumulation", He Shanggong and Wang Bi wrote "no accumulation".It is also true for "no product".Warring States Policy Wei Ce once quoted Lao Tzu as saying, "The sage has no accumulation, and he thinks that the more he has, the more he gives to others." "No accumulation" is also called "no accumulation". The sentence "both with others" is quoted in Zhuangzi Tianzifang's article. According to Wei Ce, the word "Ji" can be changed to the word "Jian", which is the opposite of the word "Ji".And "accumulation" has a hidden meaning. In the Chu language, "there is no one day's accumulation", note: "accumulation, storage." Dan "It is not enough to have accumulation...there is a surplus if there is no storage", and there is no storage if there is no accumulation.
[The way of heaven is beneficial but not harmful.The way of a sage is to fight for nothing. 】
Luo Zhenyu said: There is no word "Zhi" in the Dunhuang Xinben.
The case of modesty: Zhao wrote "The Way of Man" without the word "sage". "Man" and "Heaven" are right, Wen Sheng, but not Lao Tzu's original friendship.
[Phonetic Rhyme] Jiang's rhyme in this chapter has no rhyme, and all schools are the same.But Takamoto Han rhymes with faith and goodness, and Takeuchi Yoshio uses accumulation, existence, and abundance as rhymes, both of which are wrong.This chapter actually rhymes with the beginning and the end of Faith, Faith, and Knowledge.Also Zhi, Ji, Duo rhyme, Zhi, Ji, Branch, Duo, Song Department, this song, Zhi Tong rhyme.
57 characters in the Youjinglong stele edition, the Dunhuang edition, He, Wang, Fu, and model editions are the same, Heshang titled "Xianzhi No. ".
Appendix Laozi Rhyme Example
In the past, Kong Guangsen made an example of the sound of poetry, and his words said: "Today's poetry is mainly about text, and ancient poetry is mainly about songs. Songs have rhythms of slowness, harmony of clear and turbid, or long words, chant, and a few lines without words. Rhyme is; or it is sound-promoting syllables, as for sentences with rhyme and words with rhyme, there is no one to be tired of too many." Yu thought that the five thousand words of morality were also ancient philosophical poems.Since it is called poetry, it must be able to be sung and recited; although the rhythm of the disease and the combination of clear and turbid may not necessarily be the same as the three hundred pieces, whether it is rhyme or not, there is no doubt that it is inherently consistent with the example of poetry.However, in the Song Dynasty, Wu Yu made up the rhyme, and he already lamented that "Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching, written by Zhou Zhu's Shi Lao Dan, has many rhymes, and it is often lost today." However, it is rare to make common examples?For Laozi rhyme example.
([-]) The sounds of the world are different, and each generation has its own sound. The ancient rhyme cannot be adapted to the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang rhyme cannot be adapted to the present. Isn't it true that Yan Baishi said that "the ancient and modern sounds are related to the time"!When reading the five thousand words with the modern pronunciation, I feel that they are incompatible, but with the ancient pronunciation, many of them agree, and those who do not match may be due to errors in biography.In the past, Deng Tingzhen used the rhyme of the five thousand words in Gouji, which combined with Yi and poetry, such as "Biande" Zhang Fu, Zhi, and Jiu are the same rhyme. Same with Yi.In fact, five thousand words and poetry are either different or the same, and they are almost the same as Yi Ze.In addition, using Chu people to write Chu language as Chu dialect is also the beginning of Sao Yun.Try to cite those who are the same as Yi:
([-]) Chapter five: "It is better to keep the middle than to talk too much." Poor and middle rhyme.It is easy to need to pass on the poor, medium and Gong rhymes.Jian Yu Chuanzhong, Qiong, Gong, and Bangyun.Sleepy Chuanzhong, poor rhyme.The rhymes of poor, medium, meritorious and fierce are passed down in the well.Gradually pass on Gong, Bang, Zhong and Qiong rhymes.Huanyu spreads the rhymes of poor, same, middle and merit.The festival is passed on, and the rhyme is poor.It is not only the middle of the story, but also the poor rhyme.Kun Xiang Chuan Zhong, Qiong, and Final Rhyme.According to the image, the rhymes of fierce, meritorious, middle and poor are transmitted.The big strong elephant is passed down with poor rhyme and middle rhyme.Festival image biography, poor rhyme.Xun Xiangzhuan Zhong, Qiong, Zhong, Gong, Zhong, Qiong, fierce rhyme.
(24) Chapter 78: "Enterprises are not long, those who cross are not good, those who see themselves are not clear, those who are self-righteous do not show, those who attack themselves have no merit, and those who are self-confident do not grow long." Xing, Ming, Zhang, Gong, Chang rhyme.Another [-] chapters: "The weak overcomes the strong, and the soft overcomes the strong. No one in the world knows it, and no one can do it." Strong, strong, and rhyming.Yi Da has the rhymes of Chuanming, Xing and Heng.Modestly pass on the rhymes of Heng, Ming and Xing.Swallowing and passing on the rhymes of Heng, Ming, Zhang, and Xing.Fuxuan Chuanheng, Xing, Xing, Changyun.Dunyu Chuanheng, Xing, Changyun.The rhyme of Shang, Ming and Xing in Jin Dynasty.暌彖传上, Xing, Ming, Xing, Gang rhyme.Yiyu Chuanjiang, Guang, Qing, Xing, Jiang, Fang, Xing rhyme.The rhymes of Gang, Chang, Zhang, and Xing are passed down in the palace.Ding Chuan Chuan Ming, Xing, Gang, Heng rhyme.Gen Chuan Chuan Xing, Ming Yun.Traveling to Chuanheng, Gang, and Ming Yun.Sunda Chuan Xing, just rhyme.Tuen Tuan Chuanming, light, long rhyme.Litigation image Chuanchang, Mingyun.Luxiang Chuanming, Xing, Dang, Gang, Xing, Dang, Qingyun.No like Chuan Dang, Xing, Dang, long rhyme.The same people like Chuangang and rhyme.Yu Xiang Chuan Dang, Xing, Gang, Death, and Chang Yun.Chewing like Chuanxing, Gang, Dang, Guang, Dang, Mingyun.The rhymes of Dang, Gang, Xing, Qing, and Death are passed on from the image.The rhymes of Dang, Ming, Guang and Chang Yun are passed down from the image.The shock image transmits the rhymes of just, when, light, action, and mourning.Guimei Xiangchuan rhymes with Chang, Dang, Xing, Liang, Xing, and Basket.Fengxiang is passed down to Dang, Ming, Xing, Qing, Xiang and Zang rhymes.There are three lines of Zhang, Gang, and Wang rhyme in the following passage of "a gentleman knows the little and knows Zhang".Dry classical Chinese Tibetan, Ming, Xing rhyme.Kun Wenyan has Gang, Fang, Chang, Guang, and Xing Yun.Said hexagrams pass on Yang, Gang, and Heng rhymes.Miscellaneous Gua Chuangang, Xingyun.
(25) Chapter two: birth, formation, shape, and rhyme.Chapter 39: Qing, Sheng, Ying, Ying, Cheng Yun. Chapter [-]: Cheng and Shengyun. Chapter [-]: Qing, Ning, Ling, Ying, Sheng, Zhenyun.Yi Qianxuan passed on the rhymes of Yuan, Tian, Xing, Cheng, Tian, Ming, Zhen and Ning.Tunyu Chuansheng, Zhen, Ying, Ning Yun.The nine sentences of "the sun goes, the moon comes" are passed down in the coci, and the rhyme is born, become, and born.The hexagrams in the preface are full and rhyme.
(26) Chapter [-]: "Fish must not escape from the abyss, and the sharp weapon of the country must not be shown to others." Yuan, Ren Yun.Chapter Sixty: "Its ghosts are not gods, it's not that ghosts are not gods, its gods don't hurt people." God, human rhyme.Yiqian Jiuer, Jiusi, Jiuwutian, Ren, Yuan, Tian, Renyun.The successor of Fengyu, Shen Yun.Do classical Chinese, Shen Yun.
(44) Chapter [-]: "Knowing that stopping is not fatal, it can last for a long time." Zhi, Jiu rhyme.Chapter Sixteen: Dao, Jiu, and Yun.Yi Linyu preached, Jiuyun.Li Xiang blame, Tao, long rhyme.Miscellaneous hexagrams pass on for a long time and stop rhyme.
(68) Chapter 64: Wu, Nu, Yu, Xia Yun. Chapter [-]: Soil and rhyme.Easy sleepy image passed down, and rhyme.Well pass down, house, and rhyme.Heng Yu passed down, and rhyme.Xianxiang passed down, and, female rhyme.Peel off the rhyme of passing down, with, and down.Suizhuan and, the next rhyme.Pass the soil from Li Yu, and rhyme to the next.
(59) Chapter [-]: stingy, service, virtue, restraint, extreme, national rhyme.Chapter Eighty: Food and clothing rhymes.Yi Qianxiang Chuanmu, De, Fu, Ze, Fu, De, Guoyun.Tongren Xiang Chuan Ke, Ze, Zhi, Ke, De Yun.The festival image is passed on, and the rhyme is extreme.Dry classical Chinese: leather, virtue, pole, and rhyme.
([-]) Nine chapters: zhi, ji, zhi, bao, shu, blame, dao rhyme.Yi Fuxuan blame, Tao, Fuyun.The ninth day of the small animal, Suijiu four, and the rhyme of blame.The first rhyme is "preaching", "blame", "jiu", "zao", "jiu" and "jiu".Tongrenxiangzhuan, Weixiangzhuan, Jiexiangzhuan, Jijixiangzhuanyu, Daoyun.The rhyme of passing blame, Tao and blame.Gradually like blame, fullness, ugliness, Taoism, and rhyme.
次举其与骚韵同者，如五章穷、中韵。楚辞云中君降、中、穷、囗韵；涉江中、穷韵。八章治、能、时、尤韵。楚辞惜往日时、疑、治、之、否、欺、思、之、尤、之韵。44章止、殆、久韵。楚辞天问止、殆韵；招魂止、里、久韵。十章离、儿、疵、知、雌、知韵。楚辞少司命离、知韵。七章先、存韵。楚辞远游存先、门韵；大招存、先韵。十七章言、然韵。楚辞惜诵言、然韵。25章、65章远、反韵，楚辞离骚、国殇、哀郢同。二章生、成、形、倾韵。楚辞天问营、成、倾韵。37章静、定韵，楚辞大招同。37章、57章为、化韵，楚辞天问、思美人同。68章武、怒、与、下韵。楚辞离骚武、怒韵。64章土、下韵。楚辞以下、与、女、所、舞、予等字为韵。二章居（处）、去韵。楚辞悲回风处、虑、曙、去韵。九章保、守、咎、道韵。楚辞惜诵保、道韵。24章行、明、彰、长、行韵。楚辞天问长、彰韵。22章明、彰、长韵。楚辞怀沙章、明韵。59章啬、服、德、克、极、国韵。楚辞离骚极、服韵；天问、哀郢极、得韵；橘颂服、国韵。65章贼、福、式、德韵。楚辞招魂食、得、极、贼韵。十五章客、释韵。楚辞哀郢跖、客、薄、释韵。
From the above, Wuqianyan is the same as Yi Yun and Sao Yun.Knowing the way of sound changes with the times, and it is as easy as Sao, and it is not far from Laozi to test it with the times.Five Thousand Words Zhegai and the Book of Changes are the two great philosophical poems in ancient China. Laozi is from Chu, so it is also in harmony with Chu Sheng.It's still about the times, and it's the old age.The number of "Xi" in the scriptures can be seen, which is almost the same as that of Sao Yun. Five thousand words are the originator of Chu Sheng!
([-]) The study of Laozi's ancient rhyme, Song and Wu Fen had already begun. After Gu Yanwu and Jiang Shenxiu in the Qing Dynasty, the outstanding ones who got married are Jiang Jinsan's Laozi rhyme reading, Yao Wentian's ancient harmony, and Deng Tingzhen's Shuangyanzhai notes. with.Deng Shu only made some inventions on the boundary between the Yu and Hou tribes, and the division of the various tribes into the sound; but the comprehensive study of ancient rhymes is not far behind.Jiang Jinsan used [-] parts of homophonic tones, and Yao Wentian used [-] parts of ancient rhyme. In five thousand words, he searched for words and made the rhyme clearer. Although there are some omissions, there are very few deviations.Especially in Jiang's rhyme reading, its division is the same as Wang Niansun's ancient rhyme spectrum, and scholars have obtained funding.The comparison of this test is as follows (the numbers in the table are the chapters of Laozi):
Jiang Yougao [-] Volumes Yao Wentian [-] Volumes Tang Yun
一之始母1事教辭有恃2（之、宵合韻）治能尤８已保守咎道9（之、幽通韻）有始紀14道久殆16（之、幽通韻）倍慈有19熙臺孩2０海止以鄙母2０得惑式21改殆母道25（之、幽通韻）黑式式忒極2８有止殆母32富志33右辭34餌止35止殆久44有恃宰51始母母子母殆52事救52（之、幽通韻）起有57事福57福伏極5８持謀64國賊國福式式德65德力極6８來謀73四之始母1上有恃2上治能時尤８平有時宰1０上始紀14上倍慈有19上哉熙臺2０平海止以鄙母2０上改殆母25上有之之殆海32上富志33去餌止35上止殆久44上始母母子子母殆52上起有57上事富57去母長59上持謀64平始事64上來謀73平之（灰、咍）（案江氏廿一部入聲之分配與姚氏廿八部異，如之轉入聲職、德。幽轉入聲屋、沃。宵轉入聲覺、藥。侯轉入聲屋、燭。魚轉入聲陌、麥、昔。支轉入聲錫。脂、祭轉入聲質、術、櫛、物、迄、月、沒、曷、末、黠、囗、屑、薛。）
二幽道道1腹目12首侯14（幽、侯合韻）篤復16久壽33（之、幽通韻）笑道41（幽、宵通韻）牖道47畜育熟覆51老道已55（之、幽通韻）嗇嗇服德德克克極國母久道59（之、幽通韻）奧寶保62十四囗道道1上保守咎道9上首後道有14上久壽33上牖道47上老道55上尤侯幽（蕭）
Three Nights Miaogu 1 Fifteen Yao Miaogu 1 Shang Xiao Xiao, Yao, Hao
四侯樸谷濁15譽侮17（侯、魚通韻）足屬樸欲19主下26（侯、魚通韻）辱谷谷足朴2８朴朴欲37琭玉39谷辱足偷渝隅41足辱44欲朴57垢主7８十三侯偷渝隅4０平垢主7８上侯（虞）
五魚居居去2平客釋15惡若2０去甫21惡處24居主34（侯、魚通韻）落石39戶下47家餘54下普54螫據搏固嗄55土下64武怒與下63惡故73十二魚︵與侯通轓居去2去去甫21下惡處24去主下26上戶下47上除蕪蕪餘竿53平家餘54平下普54平螫據搏固作啞55去土下64上武怒與下6８上惡故73去魚、虞、模
六歌和隨2阿何2０隨吹羸隳29平為為化37貨多44為化57禍倚5８貨過為64十一麻和隨2平義偽1８去阿何2０平隨吹羸墮29平為化37平為化57平貨過為64去歌、戈、麻
七支離兒疵為雌知1０（歌、支通韻）跡囗策解27雌谿谿離兒2８（歌、支通韻）六支離兒疵兒雌知1０平雌谿谿離兒2８平支齊
八脂屈出5入死牝6夷希微詰一皦昧物14畏畏2０物惚21惚物21師資師資迷27味見既35（脂、元合韻）昧退類41愛費44屈拙訥熱45（脂、祭通韻）五齊死牝6上夷希微14平孩歸遺2０平大逝25去師資師資迷27平害太35去昧既35去昧退類41去察缺5８去脂、微、齊、佳、皆
九祭害太35裂發歇竭滅蹶39缺敝45拔脫輟54察缺5８散亂末64（祭、元通韻）殺活害73契徹79
十元言然17大逝遠反25觀然26還焉年3０（元、真通韻）遠反65言反7８平怨怨善79九寒言然17平遠返25上還焉年3０平（年與真通）散亂64去遠反65上怨怨善79去之、寒、桓、刪、山
十一文玄門1（文、真通韻）紛塵存先4門根存勤6川鄰15（文、真通韻）芸根16歸遺昏悶2０根君26臣君26（文、真通韻）門勤52門紛塵56貧昏57悶醇5８八文玄門1平紛塵存先4平門根存勤6平先存7平川鄰15平芸根16平沌昏悶2０平根君26平門勤52平門塵56平貧昏57悶醇5８平諄、文、欣、魂、痕
十二真淵信８真信21平盈新直22（真、耕通韻。謙之案：此章江韻有誤，說見本文。）淵人36身親44身真54親人79七真淵仁信８平真信21平臣賓均32平淵人36平身真54平鮮神神人6０平親人79平真、臻
十三耕名名1生成形傾2清生盈盈成15靜命16冥精21爭爭22成生25名臣賓均名32（耕、真通韻）靜正37清寧靈盈生貞39成聲形名成41靜正45靜正57十青名名1平生成形傾2平清生盈盈成15平靜命16上冥精21平成生25平靜定37上清寧靈盈生正39平成聲形名成41平靜正45去名成47平生形成51平靜正57去耕、清、青
十四陽盲聾爽狂妨12（陽、東通韻）狀象恍14去常明常凶容公王16（陽、東通韻）恍象21明彰功長22（陽、東通韻）行明彰功長行25（陽、東通韻）行重26（陽、東通韻）明強33象往35明剛強36行亡41亡病44藏亡44明強光明殃常52鄉長54常明祥強55勇廣長67（陽、東通韻）強剛行7８祥王79十六庚盲聾爽狂妨12平狀象恍14去常明16平恍象21去明彰長22平行明彰功長行24平明強32平象往35上張強36平明強光明殃常52平鄉長54平常明祥強55平勇廣長64上行兵69平強剛行7８平祥王7８平陽、唐、庚
十五東通容15容從21邦豐54一東窮中5平凶容公16平容從21平沖窮45平邦豐54平東、冬、鍾、江
5 middle and poor, 45 of the poor, [-] of the poor
Seventeen steaming wins should be 73 three boarding wins should be 73 to steam, board
Eighteen invasions, two invasions, Qin, salt
Nineteen Talks Seventeen Yan Talks, Tian Xian, Xian, Yan Fan
入聲一戠直得惑式22黑式式忒極2８伏極5８嗇嗇服德克極極國59賊福式式德65德力極6８職、德
二月屈出5昧物14物惚21惚物21裂發歇竭滅蹶39缺弊45屈拙訥熱45拔脫輟54殺活害73契徹79物、迄、月、沒、曷、末、黠、囗、屑、薛
Sanyijikou strategy solution 27 tin
Four mouth questions one 14 quality, technique, comb
Explanation of five past guests 15 evil like 2 falling rocks 39 guest feet 69 Mo, wheat, past
六屋樸谷濁15足屬樸欲19辱谷谷足朴欲37琭玉39谷辱足41足辱44欲足46欲朴57屋、沃、燭、覺
Seven 匊 Du Fu Fu 16 Livestock Breeding Fu 51
Eight Le Medicine Duo
[-] Ye Jiu He Ji, He, Xie, Ye Tie, Qia, Xie, Ye, Lai
twenty one
(41) A detailed analysis of Jiang's Laozi's rhyme reading, which is quite different from Yao Wentian's in that he invented the theory of co-rhyme and co-rhyme based on five thousand words with rhyme.For example, in chapter 67, Gu, humiliation, foot, steal, Yu, and Yu belong to the Hou family, Yao Wentian divides the rhyme of valley, humiliation, and foot (six-house entry tone), steal, Yu, and Yi rhyme (thirteen Hou Pingsheng), and Deng Tingzhen shares the same rhyme. .Jiang's family got rid of the fallacy of this kind of distribution of entering tones, and used valley, humiliation, foot, steal, Yu and Yu as one rhyme.This is still the case for those who are in the same department, if the transfer of the husband's different departments is better than that of the auditor.For example, in Chapter 64 Yong, Guang, Chang Weiyang and Dongtong rhyme, while Yao Wentian and Deng Tingzhen only have Guang and Chang rhymes.The second chapter, Shi, Teach, Ci, You, Rely on it, rhymes with Xiao, while Yao Wentian and Deng Tingzhen only rhyme with Ci, You, and Reliance.For example, in Chapter 35 San, Luan, Mozhiji, Yuantongyun, and Chapter [-] Wei, Jian, Jizhizhi, Yuanheyun, it is not what those who master the theory of yin and yang contradictory dare to say and can say.Examining Lao Tzu's example of connecting rhymes and combining rhymes, Jiang's invention is to use rhymes, such as:
(25) Zhi, You Tong Yun (Chapter Nine, Chapter Sixteen, Chapter 52, Chapter 33, Chapter 59, Chapter Fifty, Chapter [-]).
(41) You and Xiao rhyme (Chapter [-]).
(26) Hou and Yu Tongyun (Chapter 34, Chapter [-], and Chapter [-]).
(28) Songs and Zhi Tongyun (Chapter [-] and Chapter [-]).
(45) The rhyme of Zhi and Ji (Chapter [-]).
(64) Sacrifice and Yuan Tongyun (Chapter [-]).
([-]) Yuan and Zhen rhyme ([-] chapters).
(26) Wen and Zhentong rhyme (chapter [-], chapter [-], chapter [-]).
(22) Zhen and Geng rhymes (Chapter 32 and Chapter [-]).
(22) Yang and Dongtong rhymes (chapters 25, 26, 67, [-], [-], [-]).Rhyming words, such as:
([-]) Zhi, Xiaohe rhyme (Chapter [-]).
([-]) You and Hou Heyun (Chapter [-]).
(35) The rhyme of Zhi and Yuan (Chapter [-]).In the middle, "Zhi, Youtong rhyme", "Hou, Yutong rhyme", "Zhi, Jitong rhyme", "Zhen, Gengtong rhyme", "Wen, Zhentong rhyme", are all similar to the same column.However, "Zhi, You", "Hou, Yu", "Zhi, Ji" are the close turns of Yin and Yin sounds, and "Zhen, Geng", "Wen, Zhen", "Yang, Dong" are the close of Yang and Yang sounds change.Also, "Zhi, Xiao rhyme" and "You, Hou rhyme" are the close combination of Yin and Yin.Secondly, "Yuan, Zhen rhyme" and "You, Xiao Tong rhyme" are secondary bypasses, but "Yuan, Zhen" is the second turn of the Yang sound and the Yang sound, and "You, Xiao" is the Yin sound and the Yin sound. The sound turned sideways. "Ge, Zhi Tong Yun" is another reversal of Yin and Yin, but "Ji, Yuan Tong Yun" is the second reversal of Yin and Yang, and "Zhi, Yuan He Yun" is another inversion of Yin and Yang. .The theory of Kong Guangsen and Zhang Binglin in the test book is listed as above for illustration.
(28) Lao Tzu's five thousand words, his disease is long and short, and the rhyme system is different: there are those who use rhyme throughout the text; Those who are not in rhyme.This covers the genre of philosophical poetry with the so-called "free rhyming style".As far as the rhyme format is concerned, there are those that are completely different from those in the Book of Songs, such as Chapter [-]:
Knowing the male, guarding the female, is the stream of the world; for the stream of the world, Changde is inseparable, and returns to the baby (song, Zhitong rhyme).
Knowing its whiteness and keeping its blackness is the way of the world; it is the way of the world, Changde is not inscrutable, and returns to Wuji (the department).
Knowing its glory, keeping its humiliation, is the valley of the world; for the valley of the world, Changde is enough to return to Pu (Houbu).Another example is Chapter Ten:
Carrying the spirit of the camp, can we be inseparable?
Dedicated to softness, can it be a baby?
Cleansing away the mystery, can it be flawless?
Love people and rule the country, can you do nothing?
The gate of heaven opens and closes, can it be a female?
Knowing all things, can you be ignorant (song, Zhitong rhyme)?
This one sings and sighs three times, and the sound is discussed by sound. Even if it is placed in the 24 chapters, I don't know what the difference is;The characteristic of the so-called philosophical poetry lies in the content, and the content varies and the form follows. Therefore, Lao Tzu's rhyme style has similarities and differences with poetry, but there is no difference with Yi.Laozi rhyme example rhyme table, old authors, such as Liu Shipei's Laozi rhyme table, see Bingwu Guocui Xuebao, many false statements are not credible.The first draft of Yuan Jun's Laozi rhyme examples was found in the Weekly Journal of Guoxuemen of the Research Institute of Peking University, but the language is unclear.There are [-] articles listed here:
([-]) Example of rhyming in one sentence
Name and body which relative (true part)?Which one is more body or goods (song department)?Gain and death which disease (yang part)?Therefore, if you love very much, you will spend a lot of money (fat part), and if you store too much, you will die (yang part).Be content without being humiliated (Houbu), know that you will never die, and can last forever (Zhibu). (44 chapters)
I do nothing and the people transform themselves (Gebu), I am quiet and the people are upright (Genbu), I do nothing and the people are rich (Zhibu), I have no desires and the people are simple (Houbu). (57 chapters)
([-]) Two sentences with one rhyme example
Without going out, one can know the world (Yubu); if one does not peek into the world, one can see the way of heaven (Youbu). (Chapter 17)
Its politics are boring, and its people are mellow (Ministry of Culture); its politics is inspected, and its people are lacking (Ministry of Sacrifice). (58 chapters)
([-]) Three sentences with one turn rhyme example
Those who are good at building will not be pulled up, those who are good at holding will not be taken off, and the descendants will continue to offer sacrifices (Ministry of Sacrifice).Cultivating the body, its virtue is true (Zhenbu); cultivating the family, its virtue is more than enough (Yubu). (54 chapters)
If you are brave, you will kill, if you are brave, you will live. Knowing that both are beneficial or harmful (Jiebu).What is evil in the sky, who knows the reason (fish department)? (73 chapters)
([-]) Four-sentence rhyme example
Therefore, existence and non-existence are interdependent, difficult and easy are interdependent, long and short are interdependent, high and low are incline (gengbu), voices and sounds are in harmony, and front and back follow each other (gebu). (Chapter Two)
In ancient times, those who are good at being soldiers do not use martial arts, those who are good at fighting do not get angry, those who are good at defeating the enemy do not fight, and those who are good at using people are inferior (Yu Bu).It is called the virtue of invincibility, it is based on the power of using people, and it is called the extreme (part) of matching the sky. (68 chapters)
([-]) Example of turning rhyme in more than five sentences
The five colors are blinding, the five tones are deaf, the five flavors are delicious, galloping in the field and hunting makes the heart mad, and hard-to-find goods make people hinder (Yang, Dongtong rhyme).It is because the sage is the stomach but not the eyes (the dark part), so go to the other and take this (the branch). ([-] chapters)
The world has a beginning, and it is considered the mother of the world.He knows both his mother and his son; knowing his son, he guards his mother again, and his body will not perish.Seize it, close its door, and never work hard for life (Yangbu); open it, help it, and never save it for life (zhi, Youtong rhyme).Seeing the small is bright, keeping the soft is strong.Use its light to return to its brightness without leaving any harm to the body, which is called attacking the constant (yang part). (52 chapters)
([-]) One chapter and one rhyme example
It is not as good as it is to hold it and make a profit.If you try to sharpen it, you can't keep it for a long time.The room is full of gold and jade, and nothing can keep it.Wealthy and proud, blame yourself.Gongcheng, Mingsui, body retreat, the way of heaven (zhi, Youtong rhyme). (nine chapters)
There is no way to govern people and manage things in the world, and the husband-only style is called early obedience.Early obedience is called focusing on accumulating virtue, and if you focus on accumulating virtue, you can overcome everything, and you can't know the extreme if you cannot overcome everything.You can have a country if you don't know the extremes; the mother of a country can last for a long time. (59 chapters)
([-]) Example of number rhyme in chapter one
Emphasis is light on root, quietness is restlessness (Ministry of Culture).Therefore, a gentleman travels all day long, never leaving his luggage (Yang, Dongtong rhyme).Although there is glory, Yan is transcendent (Yuanbu).How can the Lord of Ten Thousand Vehicles lighten the world with his body (Hou, Yu Tongyun)?If you are light, you will lose your roots, if you are impatient, you will lose your ruler (Ministry of Culture). (26 chapters)
Dacheng is like a mouth, and its use is not harmful (Jibu); if a big surplus is like a rush, its use is endless (middle).Great straightness is like crookedness, great ingenuity is like clumsiness, and great debate is like negligence.Irritability overcomes cold, tranquility overcomes heat (fat, sacrificial rhyme), and tranquility thinks that the world is right (Gengbu). (45 chapters)
([-]) Example of inter-sentence rhyme
Appreciating a wise, knowing those out.Those who conquer others are powerful, and those who conquer themselves are strong (yang part). (33 chapters)
The softness of the world, gallops the firmness of the world; out of nothingness, into the infinity (Yuan, Zhentong rhyme). (43 chapters)
([-]) Examples of odd sentences and even rhymes
In the past, those who got the one, the sky got the one to clear, the earth got the peace, the gods got the spirit, the valleys became full, all things got the one to live, the princes got the one, and they thought the world was right (the farming department). (39 chapters)
There is a saying in ancient times that I dare not be the master but the guest, and I dare not advance an inch but retreat a foot (fish department). (69 chapters)
([-]) Examples of odd rhymes in even sentences
Entrepreneurs are short-lived, boasters are not good, self-seeing is not clear, self-righteousness is not obvious, self-defeating is useless, self-respect is not long (Yang, Dongtong rhyme). (24 chapters)
Dao produces it, virtue produces it, things form it, and potential forms it (Gangbu). (51 chapters)
([-]) Example of mutual association of two rhymes
Where the teacher is, thorns grow.After the army (Yubu), there must be a bad year (Yuanbu). (thirty chapters)
It means that there is no action to do, no arms to fight, no soldiers to hold (yang department), and invincibility (branch). (69 chapters)
([-]) Example of Mutual Cooperation in Two Rhyme Sentences
Who can stop the turbidity and calm the Xu Qing?Who can settle down for a long time (the Ministry) and move Xu Sheng (the Ministry of Agriculture)? (fifteen chapters)
If there is no way to clear the sky, it will be afraid of splitting; if there is no way to calm the earth, it will be afraid to explode; if there is no way to have spirit, the gods will be afraid to rest; (the Ministry of Farming), while Guigao will be afraid of falling (the Ministry of Sacrifice). (39 chapters)
([-]) Example of two-rhyme separation
Songs make completeness, vainness makes straightness, depressions make fullness, disadvantages make newness (true, plowing rhyme), less leads to success, more leads to confusion.It is the style (part) of the world that the sage embraces one. (22 chapters)
It's safe and easy to hold, but it's not easy to seek.It is brittle and easy to judge, and it is slightly easy to disperse.Do it for the future (department), rule it for the future
□ (Yuan Department). (64 chapters)
([-]) Three-rhyme interaction example
Seize its dui, close its doors, dampen its sharpness (Jiebu), relieve its anger and its light, and be the same as its dust (Wenbu), it is called Xuantong (Yang, Dongtong rhyme). (56 chapters)
([-]) Example of four-rhyme interaction
Yan Xi is like a guest, Huan (Yuan Department) is like ice and will be released (Yu Department).Dun is as simple as it is, Kuang is as if it is a valley, and mixed (Zhunbu) is as muddy (Houbu). (fifteen chapters)
([-]) Examples of Rhyme in Sentences
Xiyan nature (Yuanbu). (Chapter 23) Contradictory words (Yuanbu). (78 chapters)
To be content without humiliation, to know that one will not perish, can last for a long time. (44 chapters)
([-]) Example of first and last rhyme
Misfortunes and blessings lean on (the Ministry of Songs), and blessings and misfortunes lie on (the Ministry of Songs). (58 chapters)
Faithful words are not beautiful, and good words are not true (true part).Those who are good do not argue, and those who argue are not good (Yuanbu).Those who know don't blog, and those who blog don't know (branch). (81 chapters)
([-]) Initial rhyme example
Good deeds have no traces, good words have no blemishes, good numbers need no planning, good closures have no key and cannot be opened, good (Yuanbu) knots have no strings and cannot be broken (branches). (27 chapters)
Don’t be proud of the fruit, don’t cut the fruit, don’t be arrogant if the fruit, have no choice but to be the fruit (the song department) and don’t be strong (Yang, Dongtong rhyme). (thirty chapters)
([-]) Example of rhyming both up and down at the beginning and end
When the Dao is abolished, there is benevolence and righteousness; when wisdom comes out (Zhibu), there is great hypocrisy (Songbu). (Chapter Eighteen)
([-]) Example of rhyme above rhyme
It is better to keep the middle (central part) than talk too much. (five chapters)
Those who do will lose, and those who persist will lose (the department). (64 chapters)
(21) Example of double tones in rhyme
Yu (the Ministry of Fish) is like wintering across the river, and You (the Ministry of Night) is like fearing the neighbors (text, true rhyme). (fifteen chapters)
Hebaozhimu (Houbu) was born in Haomo (Jibu). (64 chapters)
(22) Rhyme example of repeated characters
Dao can be Tao, very Tao (Youbu); name can be named, very famous (Gengbu). (A chapter)
It is because the sage is not sick, and because of his illness, he is not sick (Gangbu). (71 chapters)
Three out of ten people are alive, three out of ten people are dead, and three out of ten people live, move and die. (fifty chapters)
(23) Rhyme examples of auxiliary characters
Lives and animals are born but not possessed, grown but not slaughtered. (ten chapters)
If you want to take over the world and do it, I see it as a last resort.The magic weapon of the world cannot be done; those who do it will lose it, and those who persist will lose it (zhi, zhitongyun). (29 chapters)
Therefore, those who follow the Tao are moral.Those who are the same as virtue, have virtue; (23 chapters)
(24) Auxiliary characters do not rhyme
The sergeant heard the truth and practiced it diligently.The sergeant heard the Tao, if it survives, it dies (Yang Department). (41 chapters)
Things may be evil, so those who have the way will not be there (fish department). (24 chapters)
From the rhyme examples mentioned above, there are those who were considered by the predecessors to have no rhyme, but in fact they are all natural rhymes.For example, using repeated characters as rhymes, there are many examples of Laozi, and there are also circumstantial evidences in poems and Yi.The poems are like Jianjia’s chapters Cong and Congyun, Ge Tan’s one or two chapters Tan and Qin’s rhyme, Yi’s five chapters’ chasing and chasing rhyme, Shengmin’s three chapters Lin and Lin’s rhyme, Zai’s Jin and Jin’s rhyme, and Chang’s one and two chapters Crazy, crazy rhyme, He Rensi five chapters, Xing rhyme, clever words, two chapters, raw rhyme, Hongyan three chapters, suppressing nine chapters, Sang Rou's next chapter is all people, human-made rhyme, continuous seven chapters, door rhyme, swinging The following chapters rhyme with seven "Shang" characters, each chapter of Dongshan rhymes with four "mountain" characters, the five chapters of Yuwuzheng, the five chapters of Qiaoyan, and the chapter of Bin's Chuyan are all words, and words are rhymes. What are the four chapters of Wei and the three chapters of Han Yi? Zi and Zi are rhymes.Yu Rulai, Guoguo, Shushu, Nvnv, younger brother, Zuizui, Youyou, Lele, there are countless people who repeat the words into rhymes.Taking the Book of Changes as an example again, it is easy to pass on nourishing and nourishing rhymes, Da Zhuang to pass on Zhuang and Zhuang rhymes, watching the rhymes of the sixth three, ninth five, and upper ninth, raw, and raw, and the ninth and ninth second courts and court rhymes of the first day of the festival. , Ding Liuwu, Shangjiuxuan, Xuanyun, Benyu Chuanwen, Wenyun, Guyu Ci, Sun Wujiu, Riyun, Losing Xiangchuan Shi, Shiyun, Xiaoguoyu Cishi, Shiyun, Tun Liuer Words and word rhymes, Henan Liusan, sleepy six regrets, regret rhyme, Mengshang Jiukou, Kou rhyme, Cuiyu Chuanju, Ju rhyme, Journey Liuer, Jiuer servant, servant rhyme, great first nine guilt, blame rhyme.From this we know that the rhyme of the five thousand words is Dao, Dao, name, name, benevolence, benevolence, dog, dog, what is the difference?Taking Zhuzi rhyme as an example, Yi Ge Xiang Chuan Zhi, Zhi Yun, Ding Xiang Chuan Zhi, You Yun.That is to say, the Book of Songs does not support language, but it is not true.The ten chapters of Yi and the four chapters of Han Yi all use the word "Zhi" as the rhyme. The four chapters contain the rhyme of You, Si, and the second chapter of Xiaorong, the rhyme of Qi. , Si, Zai, Qi, Zhi, Zhi, Si rhyme.Then, as evidenced by Chu Ci, Li Sao "hesitantly and suspiciously, wanted it with peppers and rice", "the spiritual atmosphere of life is occupied by the rest, and whoever believes in cultivating admires it", the rhyme of Tianwenzhi, conspiracy, especially, The rhyme of zhi and period, the rhyme of chanting zhi and you in nine chapters, the rhyme of mourning and holding, the rhyme of shi, qiu, the rhyme of thinking of beauty, the rhyme of kou and qi, the rhyme of cherishing the past, doubt and speech , Nine Debates, two "Zhi" characters, and four "Zhi" rhymes.From this, we know the rhyme of five thousand words with two "zhi" (Chapter 74), the rhyme of three "zhi" (chapters 23, 66, and eighty), the rhyme of four "zhi" (chapter 49), and the rhyme of five "zhi". "Character rhyme (Chapter [-]), what's the difference?However, Laozi is a philosophical poem, and his rhyme is more free than that of the Book of Songs. If it is said that his handwriting is different and his writing does not stick to rhyme, it is not only not as good as five thousand words, but also not enough to describe the writings of other scholars.
March [-], [-] Zhu Qianzhi
postscript
([-]) In terms of selected editions of this book, the stele of the Tao Te Ching at Longxingguan in Yizhou, Tang Dynasty is the main one, followed by the Dunhuang manuscript and the Suizhou stele.In addition to Yuzhu, Guangming, and Jingfu, the stone editions also refer to Louzheng, Xingxuan, Qingyang, Fenxi, Gaohui, and Zhao Mengfu.For banknotes, refer to Naijuan and Muromachi period banknotes.In addition to using the Ming and Yuhui editions for the engraved edition, the Wang edition also refers to the Daozang edition, the Wang edition cited by Fan Yingyuan, and the four annotated editions engraved by Zhang Taishou of Daozang and Song Dynasty.In addition to using the Song edition, the Heshang version also refers to the chapters and sentences used by Daozang Li Daochun and Daode Huiyuan.Another example is the Fu and Fan Guben, the Guzi quoted by the four-tone rhyme of Xia Song's ancient prose, and the Tieben entrusted with the name Wang Xizhi, etc., all of which were critically selected.
(340) In terms of collation, Yan Kejun’s Iron Bridge Jinshi Postscript mainly focuses on the 43 nine articles revised by Laozi’s Tang Ben Kao different places, Wei Jiasun’s Jiyutang Stele Records, [-] articles in total, or supplemented strict omissions, followed by [-] articles.Yu such as Ji Yun, Bi Yuan, Wang Chang, Wu Yun's school Laozi, and even Luo Zhenyu's textual research on the Tao Te Ching, and He Shiji's ancient version of the Tao Te Ching proofreading, all those related to the collation of steles, all tried their best to search for the truth in order to eliminate the false and preserve the true text of the Tao Te Ching. To be close to the original face.
([-]) In terms of exegesis, the old annotations of this book include Wang Niansun, Sun Yirang, Yu Yue, Hong Yixuan, Liu Shipei, Yi Shunding, Ma Xulun, Tao Hongqing, Xi Tong, Jiang Xichang, Lao Jian, Gao Heng, and Yu Shengwu; It also adopts the theory of Haruka Ota and Yoshio Takeuchi in Japan.The words of the case are narrated along with the sound of the text, or are based on one's own opinion. Among them, there are places with special emphasis on sound and training.
([-]) In terms of phonology, the book mainly focuses on the rhyme readings of the Three Laozis of Jiang and Jin. Occasionally, there are omissions, which are compiled and supplemented with Yao Wentian's ancient phonology, Deng Tingzhen's Shuangyanzhai notes, and Li Gengyun's Bingzhu.If Liu Shipei's Laozi rhyme table, Gao Benhan's Laozi rhyme research, and Xi Dong and Chen Zhu's Laozi's ancient pronunciation, there are many sayings, and those who agree with it will take it, and those who don't agree will discard it.
(45) This book pays special attention to the relationship between Chu dialect and Laozi.For example, in chapter 55, "irritability prevails over cold", according to the interpretation of Shi Ru's tomb, "Chu people name fire as dryness". Chapter [-], "All day long, but not yelling", according to Sima Biao's note on Zhuangzi Gengsang's Chu chapter, "Chu people say that bluffing is extremely silent and yelling".Chapter [-] "Wrapping Brown Huaiyu", according to Huainan Zi Qi Su's commentary, "Chu people call the robe a short brown cloth".For such examples, each chapter is described in detail, and the reader can observe it.
([-]) When the first draft of this book was completed, Mr. Yang Shuda and Mr. Ren Jiyu corrected the whole book several times, and Mr. Liang Qixiong and Wang Weicheng also corrected part of it, which benefited a lot.This book has been revised several times based on the valuable opinions provided by Mr. Zhu.If there are still inaccuracies in it, the author should be responsible for it.In addition, Mr. Yang Shuda made the greatest contribution and was the last achievement in his later years, so this book should be commemorated.
March [-] Zhu Qianzhi
School Interpretation Addendum
"Edition Addendum"
(3) The Dunhuang remnants of the Daoist Suodongxuan Sutra manuscript, see Pelliot Catalog No. 37 (the second volume of the Dunhuang Cheats compiled by Kiichiro Kanda). (3) Fragments of Zhang Daoling's commentary on Laozi Xianger's commentary in the Six Dynasties Manuscript of Dunhuang (see Figures 7 to 15 of Laozi Xianger's Commentary on the Hong Kong printed version in 16, preserved in Chapter 20 of the Heshang version. The content is similar to the Suizhou Longxing stele, such as Chapter 24 "Don't dare not do it", Chapter [-] the word "corpse", Chapter [-] "Huan Ruo Bing Jiang", No.[-] Chapter [-] "Sheng", Chapter [-] "I have no sign of my soul", Chapter [-] "The one who is panting soon", etc., covering those who belong to the same version system).
"Bibliographic Supplement"
([-]) Eiichi Kimura: A New Study of Lao Tzu (Showa [-] Edition by Sobunsha).
Remarks
(End of this chapter)
[Trust words are not beautiful, but good words are not true.Those who are good do not argue, and those who argue are not good.Those who know don't know well, and those who know well don't know. 】
Luo Zhenyu said: "Knowledge" is "wisdom" in Dunhuang Xinben.
Takeuchi Yoshio said: "Those who are good don't argue", and Dun and Sui are after the two sentences "Those who know don't know well".
The case of modesty: the two sentences of Yan and Gu are the same as those of Dun and Sui.Fu and Fan's two sentences of "good people don't argue" are combined with "words".
Yu Yue said: According to this, it is regarded as "the believer is not beautiful, and the beautiful is not convinced", which is the same as the grammar below "the good man does not argue, and the debater is not good; the knower does not know well, and the knower does not know".He Shanggong’s note on "Believers are not beautiful" says: "Believers are as they are. Those who are not beautiful are simple and quality." It can be proved that the ancient text "Believers are not beautiful" does not have the word "words".
Tao Hongqing said: According to Heshang's notes, An Yu's family knows that the two words "words" in the scriptures are both regarded as "zhe", which is the same as the following ones.According to Wang's note today: "The real essence lies in simplicity." However, the interpretation of the meanings of "faith" and "beauty" is not as good as "words".
Qian's case: Yu and Tao Zhi said it was wrong.Wenxin Diaolong Qingcai said: "I am sick of falsehood, so I call it 'beautiful words are not believed'." Liu Xie saw Laozi's original writing of the word "words".Heshang commented on this sentence: "Whoever speaks beautiful words, breeds Chinese words. If you don't believe it, it will be false and empty." Cheng Xuanying also wrote the preface to the title and titled this chapter as the "Faith Words" chapter.Shuyun: "Faith is truth. Beauty is flamboyance. A person who speaks virtuously... what he says is true but not flashy....flirtatious words... are obedient and reasonable, so they don't believe it. Therefore Zhuang It is said that "dogs do not consider good barking to be good, and people do not consider good words to be virtuous." It can be proved that the Heshang version is the same as the stele version.The sentence in Chapter 62 of Wang's Note "Good words can be marketed" says: "If you say good words, you can win the merchants of goods, so it is said that 'good words can market'." This chapter notes: "The essence is also in the simplicity .” The meaning is exactly the same.Although there is no "word", but the word is in it, how can it be proved that what he sees must be "one"?There are also two sentences of "good people don't argue", Jiao Hong said: "An ancient book is 'good words don't argue, and debates are not good'." And Zhuangzi Qiwu's theory of "great debates don't speak", the language is also the same."I don't know the depth, but the knowledge is shallow" in Zhibeiyou, which is similar to the meaning of the two sentences "The one who knows doesn't know much".
[The sage does not accumulate, he thinks that others have more, and he thinks that he will give others more. 】
Yan Kejun said: "Since I think of people", the imperial annotation is "with people".
Luo Zhenyu said: The two editions of Yuzhu and Jingfu "for" are "and".
Qian's case: Xing Xuan, Qingyang, Fenxi, and Lou Zheng all made "and".Two "Yu" characters, Xing Xuan made "Yu" and Fan made "Yu". The ancient character "Yu" was mistaken for "Yu"."Yu" in the five chapters of the stele is also called "Yu".Also, "sages do not accumulate", Yan, Peng, Fu, Zhao, and Gao all wrote "no accumulation", Fan wrote "no accumulation", He Shanggong and Wang Bi wrote "no accumulation".It is also true for "no product".Warring States Policy Wei Ce once quoted Lao Tzu as saying, "The sage has no accumulation, and he thinks that the more he has, the more he gives to others." "No accumulation" is also called "no accumulation". The sentence "both with others" is quoted in Zhuangzi Tianzifang's article. According to Wei Ce, the word "Ji" can be changed to the word "Jian", which is the opposite of the word "Ji".And "accumulation" has a hidden meaning. In the Chu language, "there is no one day's accumulation", note: "accumulation, storage." Dan "It is not enough to have accumulation...there is a surplus if there is no storage", and there is no storage if there is no accumulation.
[The way of heaven is beneficial but not harmful.The way of a sage is to fight for nothing. 】
Luo Zhenyu said: There is no word "Zhi" in the Dunhuang Xinben.
The case of modesty: Zhao wrote "The Way of Man" without the word "sage". "Man" and "Heaven" are right, Wen Sheng, but not Lao Tzu's original friendship.
[Phonetic Rhyme] Jiang's rhyme in this chapter has no rhyme, and all schools are the same.But Takamoto Han rhymes with faith and goodness, and Takeuchi Yoshio uses accumulation, existence, and abundance as rhymes, both of which are wrong.This chapter actually rhymes with the beginning and the end of Faith, Faith, and Knowledge.Also Zhi, Ji, Duo rhyme, Zhi, Ji, Branch, Duo, Song Department, this song, Zhi Tong rhyme.
57 characters in the Youjinglong stele edition, the Dunhuang edition, He, Wang, Fu, and model editions are the same, Heshang titled "Xianzhi No. ".
Appendix Laozi Rhyme Example
In the past, Kong Guangsen made an example of the sound of poetry, and his words said: "Today's poetry is mainly about text, and ancient poetry is mainly about songs. Songs have rhythms of slowness, harmony of clear and turbid, or long words, chant, and a few lines without words. Rhyme is; or it is sound-promoting syllables, as for sentences with rhyme and words with rhyme, there is no one to be tired of too many." Yu thought that the five thousand words of morality were also ancient philosophical poems.Since it is called poetry, it must be able to be sung and recited; although the rhythm of the disease and the combination of clear and turbid may not necessarily be the same as the three hundred pieces, whether it is rhyme or not, there is no doubt that it is inherently consistent with the example of poetry.However, in the Song Dynasty, Wu Yu made up the rhyme, and he already lamented that "Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching, written by Zhou Zhu's Shi Lao Dan, has many rhymes, and it is often lost today." However, it is rare to make common examples?For Laozi rhyme example.
([-]) The sounds of the world are different, and each generation has its own sound. The ancient rhyme cannot be adapted to the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang rhyme cannot be adapted to the present. Isn't it true that Yan Baishi said that "the ancient and modern sounds are related to the time"!When reading the five thousand words with the modern pronunciation, I feel that they are incompatible, but with the ancient pronunciation, many of them agree, and those who do not match may be due to errors in biography.In the past, Deng Tingzhen used the rhyme of the five thousand words in Gouji, which combined with Yi and poetry, such as "Biande" Zhang Fu, Zhi, and Jiu are the same rhyme. Same with Yi.In fact, five thousand words and poetry are either different or the same, and they are almost the same as Yi Ze.In addition, using Chu people to write Chu language as Chu dialect is also the beginning of Sao Yun.Try to cite those who are the same as Yi:
([-]) Chapter five: "It is better to keep the middle than to talk too much." Poor and middle rhyme.It is easy to need to pass on the poor, medium and Gong rhymes.Jian Yu Chuanzhong, Qiong, Gong, and Bangyun.Sleepy Chuanzhong, poor rhyme.The rhymes of poor, medium, meritorious and fierce are passed down in the well.Gradually pass on Gong, Bang, Zhong and Qiong rhymes.Huanyu spreads the rhymes of poor, same, middle and merit.The festival is passed on, and the rhyme is poor.It is not only the middle of the story, but also the poor rhyme.Kun Xiang Chuan Zhong, Qiong, and Final Rhyme.According to the image, the rhymes of fierce, meritorious, middle and poor are transmitted.The big strong elephant is passed down with poor rhyme and middle rhyme.Festival image biography, poor rhyme.Xun Xiangzhuan Zhong, Qiong, Zhong, Gong, Zhong, Qiong, fierce rhyme.
(24) Chapter 78: "Enterprises are not long, those who cross are not good, those who see themselves are not clear, those who are self-righteous do not show, those who attack themselves have no merit, and those who are self-confident do not grow long." Xing, Ming, Zhang, Gong, Chang rhyme.Another [-] chapters: "The weak overcomes the strong, and the soft overcomes the strong. No one in the world knows it, and no one can do it." Strong, strong, and rhyming.Yi Da has the rhymes of Chuanming, Xing and Heng.Modestly pass on the rhymes of Heng, Ming and Xing.Swallowing and passing on the rhymes of Heng, Ming, Zhang, and Xing.Fuxuan Chuanheng, Xing, Xing, Changyun.Dunyu Chuanheng, Xing, Changyun.The rhyme of Shang, Ming and Xing in Jin Dynasty.暌彖传上, Xing, Ming, Xing, Gang rhyme.Yiyu Chuanjiang, Guang, Qing, Xing, Jiang, Fang, Xing rhyme.The rhymes of Gang, Chang, Zhang, and Xing are passed down in the palace.Ding Chuan Chuan Ming, Xing, Gang, Heng rhyme.Gen Chuan Chuan Xing, Ming Yun.Traveling to Chuanheng, Gang, and Ming Yun.Sunda Chuan Xing, just rhyme.Tuen Tuan Chuanming, light, long rhyme.Litigation image Chuanchang, Mingyun.Luxiang Chuanming, Xing, Dang, Gang, Xing, Dang, Qingyun.No like Chuan Dang, Xing, Dang, long rhyme.The same people like Chuangang and rhyme.Yu Xiang Chuan Dang, Xing, Gang, Death, and Chang Yun.Chewing like Chuanxing, Gang, Dang, Guang, Dang, Mingyun.The rhymes of Dang, Gang, Xing, Qing, and Death are passed on from the image.The rhymes of Dang, Ming, Guang and Chang Yun are passed down from the image.The shock image transmits the rhymes of just, when, light, action, and mourning.Guimei Xiangchuan rhymes with Chang, Dang, Xing, Liang, Xing, and Basket.Fengxiang is passed down to Dang, Ming, Xing, Qing, Xiang and Zang rhymes.There are three lines of Zhang, Gang, and Wang rhyme in the following passage of "a gentleman knows the little and knows Zhang".Dry classical Chinese Tibetan, Ming, Xing rhyme.Kun Wenyan has Gang, Fang, Chang, Guang, and Xing Yun.Said hexagrams pass on Yang, Gang, and Heng rhymes.Miscellaneous Gua Chuangang, Xingyun.
(25) Chapter two: birth, formation, shape, and rhyme.Chapter 39: Qing, Sheng, Ying, Ying, Cheng Yun. Chapter [-]: Cheng and Shengyun. Chapter [-]: Qing, Ning, Ling, Ying, Sheng, Zhenyun.Yi Qianxuan passed on the rhymes of Yuan, Tian, Xing, Cheng, Tian, Ming, Zhen and Ning.Tunyu Chuansheng, Zhen, Ying, Ning Yun.The nine sentences of "the sun goes, the moon comes" are passed down in the coci, and the rhyme is born, become, and born.The hexagrams in the preface are full and rhyme.
(26) Chapter [-]: "Fish must not escape from the abyss, and the sharp weapon of the country must not be shown to others." Yuan, Ren Yun.Chapter Sixty: "Its ghosts are not gods, it's not that ghosts are not gods, its gods don't hurt people." God, human rhyme.Yiqian Jiuer, Jiusi, Jiuwutian, Ren, Yuan, Tian, Renyun.The successor of Fengyu, Shen Yun.Do classical Chinese, Shen Yun.
(44) Chapter [-]: "Knowing that stopping is not fatal, it can last for a long time." Zhi, Jiu rhyme.Chapter Sixteen: Dao, Jiu, and Yun.Yi Linyu preached, Jiuyun.Li Xiang blame, Tao, long rhyme.Miscellaneous hexagrams pass on for a long time and stop rhyme.
(68) Chapter 64: Wu, Nu, Yu, Xia Yun. Chapter [-]: Soil and rhyme.Easy sleepy image passed down, and rhyme.Well pass down, house, and rhyme.Heng Yu passed down, and rhyme.Xianxiang passed down, and, female rhyme.Peel off the rhyme of passing down, with, and down.Suizhuan and, the next rhyme.Pass the soil from Li Yu, and rhyme to the next.
(59) Chapter [-]: stingy, service, virtue, restraint, extreme, national rhyme.Chapter Eighty: Food and clothing rhymes.Yi Qianxiang Chuanmu, De, Fu, Ze, Fu, De, Guoyun.Tongren Xiang Chuan Ke, Ze, Zhi, Ke, De Yun.The festival image is passed on, and the rhyme is extreme.Dry classical Chinese: leather, virtue, pole, and rhyme.
([-]) Nine chapters: zhi, ji, zhi, bao, shu, blame, dao rhyme.Yi Fuxuan blame, Tao, Fuyun.The ninth day of the small animal, Suijiu four, and the rhyme of blame.The first rhyme is "preaching", "blame", "jiu", "zao", "jiu" and "jiu".Tongrenxiangzhuan, Weixiangzhuan, Jiexiangzhuan, Jijixiangzhuanyu, Daoyun.The rhyme of passing blame, Tao and blame.Gradually like blame, fullness, ugliness, Taoism, and rhyme.
次举其与骚韵同者，如五章穷、中韵。楚辞云中君降、中、穷、囗韵；涉江中、穷韵。八章治、能、时、尤韵。楚辞惜往日时、疑、治、之、否、欺、思、之、尤、之韵。44章止、殆、久韵。楚辞天问止、殆韵；招魂止、里、久韵。十章离、儿、疵、知、雌、知韵。楚辞少司命离、知韵。七章先、存韵。楚辞远游存先、门韵；大招存、先韵。十七章言、然韵。楚辞惜诵言、然韵。25章、65章远、反韵，楚辞离骚、国殇、哀郢同。二章生、成、形、倾韵。楚辞天问营、成、倾韵。37章静、定韵，楚辞大招同。37章、57章为、化韵，楚辞天问、思美人同。68章武、怒、与、下韵。楚辞离骚武、怒韵。64章土、下韵。楚辞以下、与、女、所、舞、予等字为韵。二章居（处）、去韵。楚辞悲回风处、虑、曙、去韵。九章保、守、咎、道韵。楚辞惜诵保、道韵。24章行、明、彰、长、行韵。楚辞天问长、彰韵。22章明、彰、长韵。楚辞怀沙章、明韵。59章啬、服、德、克、极、国韵。楚辞离骚极、服韵；天问、哀郢极、得韵；橘颂服、国韵。65章贼、福、式、德韵。楚辞招魂食、得、极、贼韵。十五章客、释韵。楚辞哀郢跖、客、薄、释韵。
From the above, Wuqianyan is the same as Yi Yun and Sao Yun.Knowing the way of sound changes with the times, and it is as easy as Sao, and it is not far from Laozi to test it with the times.Five Thousand Words Zhegai and the Book of Changes are the two great philosophical poems in ancient China. Laozi is from Chu, so it is also in harmony with Chu Sheng.It's still about the times, and it's the old age.The number of "Xi" in the scriptures can be seen, which is almost the same as that of Sao Yun. Five thousand words are the originator of Chu Sheng!
([-]) The study of Laozi's ancient rhyme, Song and Wu Fen had already begun. After Gu Yanwu and Jiang Shenxiu in the Qing Dynasty, the outstanding ones who got married are Jiang Jinsan's Laozi rhyme reading, Yao Wentian's ancient harmony, and Deng Tingzhen's Shuangyanzhai notes. with.Deng Shu only made some inventions on the boundary between the Yu and Hou tribes, and the division of the various tribes into the sound; but the comprehensive study of ancient rhymes is not far behind.Jiang Jinsan used [-] parts of homophonic tones, and Yao Wentian used [-] parts of ancient rhyme. In five thousand words, he searched for words and made the rhyme clearer. Although there are some omissions, there are very few deviations.Especially in Jiang's rhyme reading, its division is the same as Wang Niansun's ancient rhyme spectrum, and scholars have obtained funding.The comparison of this test is as follows (the numbers in the table are the chapters of Laozi):
Jiang Yougao [-] Volumes Yao Wentian [-] Volumes Tang Yun
一之始母1事教辭有恃2（之、宵合韻）治能尤８已保守咎道9（之、幽通韻）有始紀14道久殆16（之、幽通韻）倍慈有19熙臺孩2０海止以鄙母2０得惑式21改殆母道25（之、幽通韻）黑式式忒極2８有止殆母32富志33右辭34餌止35止殆久44有恃宰51始母母子母殆52事救52（之、幽通韻）起有57事福57福伏極5８持謀64國賊國福式式德65德力極6８來謀73四之始母1上有恃2上治能時尤８平有時宰1０上始紀14上倍慈有19上哉熙臺2０平海止以鄙母2０上改殆母25上有之之殆海32上富志33去餌止35上止殆久44上始母母子子母殆52上起有57上事富57去母長59上持謀64平始事64上來謀73平之（灰、咍）（案江氏廿一部入聲之分配與姚氏廿八部異，如之轉入聲職、德。幽轉入聲屋、沃。宵轉入聲覺、藥。侯轉入聲屋、燭。魚轉入聲陌、麥、昔。支轉入聲錫。脂、祭轉入聲質、術、櫛、物、迄、月、沒、曷、末、黠、囗、屑、薛。）
二幽道道1腹目12首侯14（幽、侯合韻）篤復16久壽33（之、幽通韻）笑道41（幽、宵通韻）牖道47畜育熟覆51老道已55（之、幽通韻）嗇嗇服德德克克極國母久道59（之、幽通韻）奧寶保62十四囗道道1上保守咎道9上首後道有14上久壽33上牖道47上老道55上尤侯幽（蕭）
Three Nights Miaogu 1 Fifteen Yao Miaogu 1 Shang Xiao Xiao, Yao, Hao
四侯樸谷濁15譽侮17（侯、魚通韻）足屬樸欲19主下26（侯、魚通韻）辱谷谷足朴2８朴朴欲37琭玉39谷辱足偷渝隅41足辱44欲朴57垢主7８十三侯偷渝隅4０平垢主7８上侯（虞）
五魚居居去2平客釋15惡若2０去甫21惡處24居主34（侯、魚通韻）落石39戶下47家餘54下普54螫據搏固嗄55土下64武怒與下63惡故73十二魚︵與侯通轓居去2去去甫21下惡處24去主下26上戶下47上除蕪蕪餘竿53平家餘54平下普54平螫據搏固作啞55去土下64上武怒與下6８上惡故73去魚、虞、模
六歌和隨2阿何2０隨吹羸隳29平為為化37貨多44為化57禍倚5８貨過為64十一麻和隨2平義偽1８去阿何2０平隨吹羸墮29平為化37平為化57平貨過為64去歌、戈、麻
七支離兒疵為雌知1０（歌、支通韻）跡囗策解27雌谿谿離兒2８（歌、支通韻）六支離兒疵兒雌知1０平雌谿谿離兒2８平支齊
八脂屈出5入死牝6夷希微詰一皦昧物14畏畏2０物惚21惚物21師資師資迷27味見既35（脂、元合韻）昧退類41愛費44屈拙訥熱45（脂、祭通韻）五齊死牝6上夷希微14平孩歸遺2０平大逝25去師資師資迷27平害太35去昧既35去昧退類41去察缺5８去脂、微、齊、佳、皆
九祭害太35裂發歇竭滅蹶39缺敝45拔脫輟54察缺5８散亂末64（祭、元通韻）殺活害73契徹79
十元言然17大逝遠反25觀然26還焉年3０（元、真通韻）遠反65言反7８平怨怨善79九寒言然17平遠返25上還焉年3０平（年與真通）散亂64去遠反65上怨怨善79去之、寒、桓、刪、山
十一文玄門1（文、真通韻）紛塵存先4門根存勤6川鄰15（文、真通韻）芸根16歸遺昏悶2０根君26臣君26（文、真通韻）門勤52門紛塵56貧昏57悶醇5８八文玄門1平紛塵存先4平門根存勤6平先存7平川鄰15平芸根16平沌昏悶2０平根君26平門勤52平門塵56平貧昏57悶醇5８平諄、文、欣、魂、痕
十二真淵信８真信21平盈新直22（真、耕通韻。謙之案：此章江韻有誤，說見本文。）淵人36身親44身真54親人79七真淵仁信８平真信21平臣賓均32平淵人36平身真54平鮮神神人6０平親人79平真、臻
十三耕名名1生成形傾2清生盈盈成15靜命16冥精21爭爭22成生25名臣賓均名32（耕、真通韻）靜正37清寧靈盈生貞39成聲形名成41靜正45靜正57十青名名1平生成形傾2平清生盈盈成15平靜命16上冥精21平成生25平靜定37上清寧靈盈生正39平成聲形名成41平靜正45去名成47平生形成51平靜正57去耕、清、青
十四陽盲聾爽狂妨12（陽、東通韻）狀象恍14去常明常凶容公王16（陽、東通韻）恍象21明彰功長22（陽、東通韻）行明彰功長行25（陽、東通韻）行重26（陽、東通韻）明強33象往35明剛強36行亡41亡病44藏亡44明強光明殃常52鄉長54常明祥強55勇廣長67（陽、東通韻）強剛行7８祥王79十六庚盲聾爽狂妨12平狀象恍14去常明16平恍象21去明彰長22平行明彰功長行24平明強32平象往35上張強36平明強光明殃常52平鄉長54平常明祥強55平勇廣長64上行兵69平強剛行7８平祥王7８平陽、唐、庚
十五東通容15容從21邦豐54一東窮中5平凶容公16平容從21平沖窮45平邦豐54平東、冬、鍾、江
5 middle and poor, 45 of the poor, [-] of the poor
Seventeen steaming wins should be 73 three boarding wins should be 73 to steam, board
Eighteen invasions, two invasions, Qin, salt
Nineteen Talks Seventeen Yan Talks, Tian Xian, Xian, Yan Fan
入聲一戠直得惑式22黑式式忒極2８伏極5８嗇嗇服德克極極國59賊福式式德65德力極6８職、德
二月屈出5昧物14物惚21惚物21裂發歇竭滅蹶39缺弊45屈拙訥熱45拔脫輟54殺活害73契徹79物、迄、月、沒、曷、末、黠、囗、屑、薛
Sanyijikou strategy solution 27 tin
Four mouth questions one 14 quality, technique, comb
Explanation of five past guests 15 evil like 2 falling rocks 39 guest feet 69 Mo, wheat, past
六屋樸谷濁15足屬樸欲19辱谷谷足朴欲37琭玉39谷辱足41足辱44欲足46欲朴57屋、沃、燭、覺
Seven 匊 Du Fu Fu 16 Livestock Breeding Fu 51
Eight Le Medicine Duo
[-] Ye Jiu He Ji, He, Xie, Ye Tie, Qia, Xie, Ye, Lai
twenty one
(41) A detailed analysis of Jiang's Laozi's rhyme reading, which is quite different from Yao Wentian's in that he invented the theory of co-rhyme and co-rhyme based on five thousand words with rhyme.For example, in chapter 67, Gu, humiliation, foot, steal, Yu, and Yu belong to the Hou family, Yao Wentian divides the rhyme of valley, humiliation, and foot (six-house entry tone), steal, Yu, and Yi rhyme (thirteen Hou Pingsheng), and Deng Tingzhen shares the same rhyme. .Jiang's family got rid of the fallacy of this kind of distribution of entering tones, and used valley, humiliation, foot, steal, Yu and Yu as one rhyme.This is still the case for those who are in the same department, if the transfer of the husband's different departments is better than that of the auditor.For example, in Chapter 64 Yong, Guang, Chang Weiyang and Dongtong rhyme, while Yao Wentian and Deng Tingzhen only have Guang and Chang rhymes.The second chapter, Shi, Teach, Ci, You, Rely on it, rhymes with Xiao, while Yao Wentian and Deng Tingzhen only rhyme with Ci, You, and Reliance.For example, in Chapter 35 San, Luan, Mozhiji, Yuantongyun, and Chapter [-] Wei, Jian, Jizhizhi, Yuanheyun, it is not what those who master the theory of yin and yang contradictory dare to say and can say.Examining Lao Tzu's example of connecting rhymes and combining rhymes, Jiang's invention is to use rhymes, such as:
(25) Zhi, You Tong Yun (Chapter Nine, Chapter Sixteen, Chapter 52, Chapter 33, Chapter 59, Chapter Fifty, Chapter [-]).
(41) You and Xiao rhyme (Chapter [-]).
(26) Hou and Yu Tongyun (Chapter 34, Chapter [-], and Chapter [-]).
(28) Songs and Zhi Tongyun (Chapter [-] and Chapter [-]).
(45) The rhyme of Zhi and Ji (Chapter [-]).
(64) Sacrifice and Yuan Tongyun (Chapter [-]).
([-]) Yuan and Zhen rhyme ([-] chapters).
(26) Wen and Zhentong rhyme (chapter [-], chapter [-], chapter [-]).
(22) Zhen and Geng rhymes (Chapter 32 and Chapter [-]).
(22) Yang and Dongtong rhymes (chapters 25, 26, 67, [-], [-], [-]).Rhyming words, such as:
([-]) Zhi, Xiaohe rhyme (Chapter [-]).
([-]) You and Hou Heyun (Chapter [-]).
(35) The rhyme of Zhi and Yuan (Chapter [-]).In the middle, "Zhi, Youtong rhyme", "Hou, Yutong rhyme", "Zhi, Jitong rhyme", "Zhen, Gengtong rhyme", "Wen, Zhentong rhyme", are all similar to the same column.However, "Zhi, You", "Hou, Yu", "Zhi, Ji" are the close turns of Yin and Yin sounds, and "Zhen, Geng", "Wen, Zhen", "Yang, Dong" are the close of Yang and Yang sounds change.Also, "Zhi, Xiao rhyme" and "You, Hou rhyme" are the close combination of Yin and Yin.Secondly, "Yuan, Zhen rhyme" and "You, Xiao Tong rhyme" are secondary bypasses, but "Yuan, Zhen" is the second turn of the Yang sound and the Yang sound, and "You, Xiao" is the Yin sound and the Yin sound. The sound turned sideways. "Ge, Zhi Tong Yun" is another reversal of Yin and Yin, but "Ji, Yuan Tong Yun" is the second reversal of Yin and Yang, and "Zhi, Yuan He Yun" is another inversion of Yin and Yang. .The theory of Kong Guangsen and Zhang Binglin in the test book is listed as above for illustration.
(28) Lao Tzu's five thousand words, his disease is long and short, and the rhyme system is different: there are those who use rhyme throughout the text; Those who are not in rhyme.This covers the genre of philosophical poetry with the so-called "free rhyming style".As far as the rhyme format is concerned, there are those that are completely different from those in the Book of Songs, such as Chapter [-]:
Knowing the male, guarding the female, is the stream of the world; for the stream of the world, Changde is inseparable, and returns to the baby (song, Zhitong rhyme).
Knowing its whiteness and keeping its blackness is the way of the world; it is the way of the world, Changde is not inscrutable, and returns to Wuji (the department).
Knowing its glory, keeping its humiliation, is the valley of the world; for the valley of the world, Changde is enough to return to Pu (Houbu).Another example is Chapter Ten:
Carrying the spirit of the camp, can we be inseparable?
Dedicated to softness, can it be a baby?
Cleansing away the mystery, can it be flawless?
Love people and rule the country, can you do nothing?
The gate of heaven opens and closes, can it be a female?
Knowing all things, can you be ignorant (song, Zhitong rhyme)?
This one sings and sighs three times, and the sound is discussed by sound. Even if it is placed in the 24 chapters, I don't know what the difference is;The characteristic of the so-called philosophical poetry lies in the content, and the content varies and the form follows. Therefore, Lao Tzu's rhyme style has similarities and differences with poetry, but there is no difference with Yi.Laozi rhyme example rhyme table, old authors, such as Liu Shipei's Laozi rhyme table, see Bingwu Guocui Xuebao, many false statements are not credible.The first draft of Yuan Jun's Laozi rhyme examples was found in the Weekly Journal of Guoxuemen of the Research Institute of Peking University, but the language is unclear.There are [-] articles listed here:
([-]) Example of rhyming in one sentence
Name and body which relative (true part)?Which one is more body or goods (song department)?Gain and death which disease (yang part)?Therefore, if you love very much, you will spend a lot of money (fat part), and if you store too much, you will die (yang part).Be content without being humiliated (Houbu), know that you will never die, and can last forever (Zhibu). (44 chapters)
I do nothing and the people transform themselves (Gebu), I am quiet and the people are upright (Genbu), I do nothing and the people are rich (Zhibu), I have no desires and the people are simple (Houbu). (57 chapters)
([-]) Two sentences with one rhyme example
Without going out, one can know the world (Yubu); if one does not peek into the world, one can see the way of heaven (Youbu). (Chapter 17)
Its politics are boring, and its people are mellow (Ministry of Culture); its politics is inspected, and its people are lacking (Ministry of Sacrifice). (58 chapters)
([-]) Three sentences with one turn rhyme example
Those who are good at building will not be pulled up, those who are good at holding will not be taken off, and the descendants will continue to offer sacrifices (Ministry of Sacrifice).Cultivating the body, its virtue is true (Zhenbu); cultivating the family, its virtue is more than enough (Yubu). (54 chapters)
If you are brave, you will kill, if you are brave, you will live. Knowing that both are beneficial or harmful (Jiebu).What is evil in the sky, who knows the reason (fish department)? (73 chapters)
([-]) Four-sentence rhyme example
Therefore, existence and non-existence are interdependent, difficult and easy are interdependent, long and short are interdependent, high and low are incline (gengbu), voices and sounds are in harmony, and front and back follow each other (gebu). (Chapter Two)
In ancient times, those who are good at being soldiers do not use martial arts, those who are good at fighting do not get angry, those who are good at defeating the enemy do not fight, and those who are good at using people are inferior (Yu Bu).It is called the virtue of invincibility, it is based on the power of using people, and it is called the extreme (part) of matching the sky. (68 chapters)
([-]) Example of turning rhyme in more than five sentences
The five colors are blinding, the five tones are deaf, the five flavors are delicious, galloping in the field and hunting makes the heart mad, and hard-to-find goods make people hinder (Yang, Dongtong rhyme).It is because the sage is the stomach but not the eyes (the dark part), so go to the other and take this (the branch). ([-] chapters)
The world has a beginning, and it is considered the mother of the world.He knows both his mother and his son; knowing his son, he guards his mother again, and his body will not perish.Seize it, close its door, and never work hard for life (Yangbu); open it, help it, and never save it for life (zhi, Youtong rhyme).Seeing the small is bright, keeping the soft is strong.Use its light to return to its brightness without leaving any harm to the body, which is called attacking the constant (yang part). (52 chapters)
([-]) One chapter and one rhyme example
It is not as good as it is to hold it and make a profit.If you try to sharpen it, you can't keep it for a long time.The room is full of gold and jade, and nothing can keep it.Wealthy and proud, blame yourself.Gongcheng, Mingsui, body retreat, the way of heaven (zhi, Youtong rhyme). (nine chapters)
There is no way to govern people and manage things in the world, and the husband-only style is called early obedience.Early obedience is called focusing on accumulating virtue, and if you focus on accumulating virtue, you can overcome everything, and you can't know the extreme if you cannot overcome everything.You can have a country if you don't know the extremes; the mother of a country can last for a long time. (59 chapters)
([-]) Example of number rhyme in chapter one
Emphasis is light on root, quietness is restlessness (Ministry of Culture).Therefore, a gentleman travels all day long, never leaving his luggage (Yang, Dongtong rhyme).Although there is glory, Yan is transcendent (Yuanbu).How can the Lord of Ten Thousand Vehicles lighten the world with his body (Hou, Yu Tongyun)?If you are light, you will lose your roots, if you are impatient, you will lose your ruler (Ministry of Culture). (26 chapters)
Dacheng is like a mouth, and its use is not harmful (Jibu); if a big surplus is like a rush, its use is endless (middle).Great straightness is like crookedness, great ingenuity is like clumsiness, and great debate is like negligence.Irritability overcomes cold, tranquility overcomes heat (fat, sacrificial rhyme), and tranquility thinks that the world is right (Gengbu). (45 chapters)
([-]) Example of inter-sentence rhyme
Appreciating a wise, knowing those out.Those who conquer others are powerful, and those who conquer themselves are strong (yang part). (33 chapters)
The softness of the world, gallops the firmness of the world; out of nothingness, into the infinity (Yuan, Zhentong rhyme). (43 chapters)
([-]) Examples of odd sentences and even rhymes
In the past, those who got the one, the sky got the one to clear, the earth got the peace, the gods got the spirit, the valleys became full, all things got the one to live, the princes got the one, and they thought the world was right (the farming department). (39 chapters)
There is a saying in ancient times that I dare not be the master but the guest, and I dare not advance an inch but retreat a foot (fish department). (69 chapters)
([-]) Examples of odd rhymes in even sentences
Entrepreneurs are short-lived, boasters are not good, self-seeing is not clear, self-righteousness is not obvious, self-defeating is useless, self-respect is not long (Yang, Dongtong rhyme). (24 chapters)
Dao produces it, virtue produces it, things form it, and potential forms it (Gangbu). (51 chapters)
([-]) Example of mutual association of two rhymes
Where the teacher is, thorns grow.After the army (Yubu), there must be a bad year (Yuanbu). (thirty chapters)
It means that there is no action to do, no arms to fight, no soldiers to hold (yang department), and invincibility (branch). (69 chapters)
([-]) Example of Mutual Cooperation in Two Rhyme Sentences
Who can stop the turbidity and calm the Xu Qing?Who can settle down for a long time (the Ministry) and move Xu Sheng (the Ministry of Agriculture)? (fifteen chapters)
If there is no way to clear the sky, it will be afraid of splitting; if there is no way to calm the earth, it will be afraid to explode; if there is no way to have spirit, the gods will be afraid to rest; (the Ministry of Farming), while Guigao will be afraid of falling (the Ministry of Sacrifice). (39 chapters)
([-]) Example of two-rhyme separation
Songs make completeness, vainness makes straightness, depressions make fullness, disadvantages make newness (true, plowing rhyme), less leads to success, more leads to confusion.It is the style (part) of the world that the sage embraces one. (22 chapters)
It's safe and easy to hold, but it's not easy to seek.It is brittle and easy to judge, and it is slightly easy to disperse.Do it for the future (department), rule it for the future
□ (Yuan Department). (64 chapters)
([-]) Three-rhyme interaction example
Seize its dui, close its doors, dampen its sharpness (Jiebu), relieve its anger and its light, and be the same as its dust (Wenbu), it is called Xuantong (Yang, Dongtong rhyme). (56 chapters)
([-]) Example of four-rhyme interaction
Yan Xi is like a guest, Huan (Yuan Department) is like ice and will be released (Yu Department).Dun is as simple as it is, Kuang is as if it is a valley, and mixed (Zhunbu) is as muddy (Houbu). (fifteen chapters)
([-]) Examples of Rhyme in Sentences
Xiyan nature (Yuanbu). (Chapter 23) Contradictory words (Yuanbu). (78 chapters)
To be content without humiliation, to know that one will not perish, can last for a long time. (44 chapters)
([-]) Example of first and last rhyme
Misfortunes and blessings lean on (the Ministry of Songs), and blessings and misfortunes lie on (the Ministry of Songs). (58 chapters)
Faithful words are not beautiful, and good words are not true (true part).Those who are good do not argue, and those who argue are not good (Yuanbu).Those who know don't blog, and those who blog don't know (branch). (81 chapters)
([-]) Initial rhyme example
Good deeds have no traces, good words have no blemishes, good numbers need no planning, good closures have no key and cannot be opened, good (Yuanbu) knots have no strings and cannot be broken (branches). (27 chapters)
Don’t be proud of the fruit, don’t cut the fruit, don’t be arrogant if the fruit, have no choice but to be the fruit (the song department) and don’t be strong (Yang, Dongtong rhyme). (thirty chapters)
([-]) Example of rhyming both up and down at the beginning and end
When the Dao is abolished, there is benevolence and righteousness; when wisdom comes out (Zhibu), there is great hypocrisy (Songbu). (Chapter Eighteen)
([-]) Example of rhyme above rhyme
It is better to keep the middle (central part) than talk too much. (five chapters)
Those who do will lose, and those who persist will lose (the department). (64 chapters)
(21) Example of double tones in rhyme
Yu (the Ministry of Fish) is like wintering across the river, and You (the Ministry of Night) is like fearing the neighbors (text, true rhyme). (fifteen chapters)
Hebaozhimu (Houbu) was born in Haomo (Jibu). (64 chapters)
(22) Rhyme example of repeated characters
Dao can be Tao, very Tao (Youbu); name can be named, very famous (Gengbu). (A chapter)
It is because the sage is not sick, and because of his illness, he is not sick (Gangbu). (71 chapters)
Three out of ten people are alive, three out of ten people are dead, and three out of ten people live, move and die. (fifty chapters)
(23) Rhyme examples of auxiliary characters
Lives and animals are born but not possessed, grown but not slaughtered. (ten chapters)
If you want to take over the world and do it, I see it as a last resort.The magic weapon of the world cannot be done; those who do it will lose it, and those who persist will lose it (zhi, zhitongyun). (29 chapters)
Therefore, those who follow the Tao are moral.Those who are the same as virtue, have virtue; (23 chapters)
(24) Auxiliary characters do not rhyme
The sergeant heard the truth and practiced it diligently.The sergeant heard the Tao, if it survives, it dies (Yang Department). (41 chapters)
Things may be evil, so those who have the way will not be there (fish department). (24 chapters)
From the rhyme examples mentioned above, there are those who were considered by the predecessors to have no rhyme, but in fact they are all natural rhymes.For example, using repeated characters as rhymes, there are many examples of Laozi, and there are also circumstantial evidences in poems and Yi.The poems are like Jianjia’s chapters Cong and Congyun, Ge Tan’s one or two chapters Tan and Qin’s rhyme, Yi’s five chapters’ chasing and chasing rhyme, Shengmin’s three chapters Lin and Lin’s rhyme, Zai’s Jin and Jin’s rhyme, and Chang’s one and two chapters Crazy, crazy rhyme, He Rensi five chapters, Xing rhyme, clever words, two chapters, raw rhyme, Hongyan three chapters, suppressing nine chapters, Sang Rou's next chapter is all people, human-made rhyme, continuous seven chapters, door rhyme, swinging The following chapters rhyme with seven "Shang" characters, each chapter of Dongshan rhymes with four "mountain" characters, the five chapters of Yuwuzheng, the five chapters of Qiaoyan, and the chapter of Bin's Chuyan are all words, and words are rhymes. What are the four chapters of Wei and the three chapters of Han Yi? Zi and Zi are rhymes.Yu Rulai, Guoguo, Shushu, Nvnv, younger brother, Zuizui, Youyou, Lele, there are countless people who repeat the words into rhymes.Taking the Book of Changes as an example again, it is easy to pass on nourishing and nourishing rhymes, Da Zhuang to pass on Zhuang and Zhuang rhymes, watching the rhymes of the sixth three, ninth five, and upper ninth, raw, and raw, and the ninth and ninth second courts and court rhymes of the first day of the festival. , Ding Liuwu, Shangjiuxuan, Xuanyun, Benyu Chuanwen, Wenyun, Guyu Ci, Sun Wujiu, Riyun, Losing Xiangchuan Shi, Shiyun, Xiaoguoyu Cishi, Shiyun, Tun Liuer Words and word rhymes, Henan Liusan, sleepy six regrets, regret rhyme, Mengshang Jiukou, Kou rhyme, Cuiyu Chuanju, Ju rhyme, Journey Liuer, Jiuer servant, servant rhyme, great first nine guilt, blame rhyme.From this we know that the rhyme of the five thousand words is Dao, Dao, name, name, benevolence, benevolence, dog, dog, what is the difference?Taking Zhuzi rhyme as an example, Yi Ge Xiang Chuan Zhi, Zhi Yun, Ding Xiang Chuan Zhi, You Yun.That is to say, the Book of Songs does not support language, but it is not true.The ten chapters of Yi and the four chapters of Han Yi all use the word "Zhi" as the rhyme. The four chapters contain the rhyme of You, Si, and the second chapter of Xiaorong, the rhyme of Qi. , Si, Zai, Qi, Zhi, Zhi, Si rhyme.Then, as evidenced by Chu Ci, Li Sao "hesitantly and suspiciously, wanted it with peppers and rice", "the spiritual atmosphere of life is occupied by the rest, and whoever believes in cultivating admires it", the rhyme of Tianwenzhi, conspiracy, especially, The rhyme of zhi and period, the rhyme of chanting zhi and you in nine chapters, the rhyme of mourning and holding, the rhyme of shi, qiu, the rhyme of thinking of beauty, the rhyme of kou and qi, the rhyme of cherishing the past, doubt and speech , Nine Debates, two "Zhi" characters, and four "Zhi" rhymes.From this, we know the rhyme of five thousand words with two "zhi" (Chapter 74), the rhyme of three "zhi" (chapters 23, 66, and eighty), the rhyme of four "zhi" (chapter 49), and the rhyme of five "zhi". "Character rhyme (Chapter [-]), what's the difference?However, Laozi is a philosophical poem, and his rhyme is more free than that of the Book of Songs. If it is said that his handwriting is different and his writing does not stick to rhyme, it is not only not as good as five thousand words, but also not enough to describe the writings of other scholars.
March [-], [-] Zhu Qianzhi
postscript
([-]) In terms of selected editions of this book, the stele of the Tao Te Ching at Longxingguan in Yizhou, Tang Dynasty is the main one, followed by the Dunhuang manuscript and the Suizhou stele.In addition to Yuzhu, Guangming, and Jingfu, the stone editions also refer to Louzheng, Xingxuan, Qingyang, Fenxi, Gaohui, and Zhao Mengfu.For banknotes, refer to Naijuan and Muromachi period banknotes.In addition to using the Ming and Yuhui editions for the engraved edition, the Wang edition also refers to the Daozang edition, the Wang edition cited by Fan Yingyuan, and the four annotated editions engraved by Zhang Taishou of Daozang and Song Dynasty.In addition to using the Song edition, the Heshang version also refers to the chapters and sentences used by Daozang Li Daochun and Daode Huiyuan.Another example is the Fu and Fan Guben, the Guzi quoted by the four-tone rhyme of Xia Song's ancient prose, and the Tieben entrusted with the name Wang Xizhi, etc., all of which were critically selected.
(340) In terms of collation, Yan Kejun’s Iron Bridge Jinshi Postscript mainly focuses on the 43 nine articles revised by Laozi’s Tang Ben Kao different places, Wei Jiasun’s Jiyutang Stele Records, [-] articles in total, or supplemented strict omissions, followed by [-] articles.Yu such as Ji Yun, Bi Yuan, Wang Chang, Wu Yun's school Laozi, and even Luo Zhenyu's textual research on the Tao Te Ching, and He Shiji's ancient version of the Tao Te Ching proofreading, all those related to the collation of steles, all tried their best to search for the truth in order to eliminate the false and preserve the true text of the Tao Te Ching. To be close to the original face.
([-]) In terms of exegesis, the old annotations of this book include Wang Niansun, Sun Yirang, Yu Yue, Hong Yixuan, Liu Shipei, Yi Shunding, Ma Xulun, Tao Hongqing, Xi Tong, Jiang Xichang, Lao Jian, Gao Heng, and Yu Shengwu; It also adopts the theory of Haruka Ota and Yoshio Takeuchi in Japan.The words of the case are narrated along with the sound of the text, or are based on one's own opinion. Among them, there are places with special emphasis on sound and training.
([-]) In terms of phonology, the book mainly focuses on the rhyme readings of the Three Laozis of Jiang and Jin. Occasionally, there are omissions, which are compiled and supplemented with Yao Wentian's ancient phonology, Deng Tingzhen's Shuangyanzhai notes, and Li Gengyun's Bingzhu.If Liu Shipei's Laozi rhyme table, Gao Benhan's Laozi rhyme research, and Xi Dong and Chen Zhu's Laozi's ancient pronunciation, there are many sayings, and those who agree with it will take it, and those who don't agree will discard it.
(45) This book pays special attention to the relationship between Chu dialect and Laozi.For example, in chapter 55, "irritability prevails over cold", according to the interpretation of Shi Ru's tomb, "Chu people name fire as dryness". Chapter [-], "All day long, but not yelling", according to Sima Biao's note on Zhuangzi Gengsang's Chu chapter, "Chu people say that bluffing is extremely silent and yelling".Chapter [-] "Wrapping Brown Huaiyu", according to Huainan Zi Qi Su's commentary, "Chu people call the robe a short brown cloth".For such examples, each chapter is described in detail, and the reader can observe it.
([-]) When the first draft of this book was completed, Mr. Yang Shuda and Mr. Ren Jiyu corrected the whole book several times, and Mr. Liang Qixiong and Wang Weicheng also corrected part of it, which benefited a lot.This book has been revised several times based on the valuable opinions provided by Mr. Zhu.If there are still inaccuracies in it, the author should be responsible for it.In addition, Mr. Yang Shuda made the greatest contribution and was the last achievement in his later years, so this book should be commemorated.
March [-] Zhu Qianzhi
School Interpretation Addendum
"Edition Addendum"
(3) The Dunhuang remnants of the Daoist Suodongxuan Sutra manuscript, see Pelliot Catalog No. 37 (the second volume of the Dunhuang Cheats compiled by Kiichiro Kanda). (3) Fragments of Zhang Daoling's commentary on Laozi Xianger's commentary in the Six Dynasties Manuscript of Dunhuang (see Figures 7 to 15 of Laozi Xianger's Commentary on the Hong Kong printed version in 16, preserved in Chapter 20 of the Heshang version. The content is similar to the Suizhou Longxing stele, such as Chapter 24 "Don't dare not do it", Chapter [-] the word "corpse", Chapter [-] "Huan Ruo Bing Jiang", No.[-] Chapter [-] "Sheng", Chapter [-] "I have no sign of my soul", Chapter [-] "The one who is panting soon", etc., covering those who belong to the same version system).
"Bibliographic Supplement"
([-]) Eiichi Kimura: A New Study of Lao Tzu (Showa [-] Edition by Sobunsha).
Remarks
(End of this chapter)
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