Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 76

[Life is weak, but death is strong. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Life is of", the original is "man's life", and Gao Sui is "people's life". "It's dead", each book is "Qi's death".

Luo Zhenyu said: Neither the Jinglong version nor the Dunhuang Xin version has the word "ye", and the next two sentences are the same.In Dunhuang Xinben, "firm" is used as "rigid".

Qian's case: Zhuhe, Wang Ben, and Fu Ben all have two characters of "ye".The template is the same, but "strong" is changed to "strong".Shuo Yuan Jingshen also quoted "jian" as "rigid", the same below.This kind of Gaizhen and Yang are related to each other, and it is easy to say that "hardness and softness rub together", and the sound and meaning are quoted as "firm and soft", which is an example.There is no word "Zhi" in the motto of Wenxuan, and there is no word "Ye" in Suizhou and Yan.In this chapter, the skin of life is soft and movable, and can be flexed and stretched to show the value of weakness, so it is the word "life".

[All things, plants and trees are soft and brittle when they are born, but they are dry and dry when they die. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Sheng Zhi", the imperial annotation is "Sheng Ye", and the original version is "Zhi Sheng Ye". "It's dead", each book is "Qi's death".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Atsushi version is "living soft velvet", and Jing version is the same as Atsushi version, but "毳" is used as "crisp".

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong, Yuzhu, and Dunhuang Xin are all written as "shengzhi", and the Dunhuang Geng edition does not have the characters "ye" and "ku".

Qian's case: The imperial note was written as "Sheng Ye", which was wrongly corrected by Luo.Qingyang, Fenxi, and Louzhengtong.Yan, Peng, Fu, Zhao, and Wu have the word "everything".Suizhou originally used "crispy" as "毳", and Gai means "crispy" or its body.An annotated poem written under the Luling King's tomb quotes Zhuangzi's Yiwen: "Those who are born are soft and brittle, and those who die are withered."

【Thus, the strong will die, and the weak will live. 】

Luo Zhenyu said: The Geng version of Dunhuang is "Guyue".

Jiang Xichang said: Huainan Yuandao taught that "the weak and weak will be born, and the strong will be killed."The original text of Wen Zidao was written as "the weak will live, and the strong will die".It is said that Yuan Jingshen wrote "the weak will live, and the strong will die".Liezi Huangdi's article is "the weak will live, the strong will die".Yulan Kibe wrote "a weak man who lives, a strong man who dies".The sentence of "strong" is under the sentence of "weak", which is suspected to be the case in ancient times.

[Thus, if the soldiers are strong, they will be invincible, and if the wood is strong, they will be together. 】

Qian’s Case: “Wood mouths are common”, Yuzhu, Jingfu, Xingxuan, Fenxi, Louzheng, Gao Sui, Naijuan, Heshang, Wang Xizhi, Gu, Fan, Peng, Dunhuang Geng, and Xin are all the same .The original text of the kings is "Soldiers", and the original text of Dao Zang Wang is "Common"; The word "total" is unknown.Chengshu said: "For example, trees are divided into mouths, so the branches are pressed together on them; it is also like beams and beams, so the rafters and tiles are pressed together on them." resignation.Ding Zhongyou said: "Ji Yun'common' is the provincial text of 'Gong'. In the 33rd year of Gu Liangxi's biography 'Zizhikoumu has been arched', note: 'Gong, hug also.' And Gongyang Zhuan Note: 'Gong' , you can hug each other with your hands.'" Although it is reasonable to say, but compared with "the wooden mouth is the army", the so-called straight wood cuts first, and it feels like the righteousness wins later.Huang Maocai said: "Liezi recorded Lao Dan's words: 'The soldiers' mouths will be destroyed, and the wooden mouths will be broken. It is Shun. Today it is written as 'Gong', but it is also pronounced as 'Gong'. It does not make sense, and the book of Liezi should be used as the correct one." Qian's case: Huang said it was true.Off, fold into rhyme. "Fold", the seal character is the mouth, and the script is in the Lv department.Chen Zhu said: "There may be some people who used the word 'zhe' in the ancient text to make the mouth, and the word 'bing' was used as the mouth in seal script, which is very close in shape." , which is similar in shape to 'bing', so it is mistakenly called 'bing' ear".

Yu Yue said: It is difficult to understand the meaning of the case "Mukou leads to soldiers", and He Shanggong's version of "Mukou leads to communism" is even more meaningless.Lao Tzu's original text is "Mukou Zezhe", because the word "Zhe" is broken, and the word "jin" on the right side is only kept, and the sentence "Bingkou is invincible" is involved, and it is mistaken for "Bing" ear, "Gong" Then there is a mistake in the word "soldier".Liezi Huangdi's article quoted Lao Dan as saying, "The soldiers will be destroyed, and the wooden gates will be broken." That is, the text of this chapter can be revised accordingly.

Yi Shunding said: According to Yu Shiping's discussion, Liezi quoted Lao Tzu as "the soldiers will be destroyed, and the wooden mouth will be broken".According to the original text of Wen Zidao, the tripod is written as "the soldiers' mouths will be destroyed, and the wooden mouths will be broken", and the original Taoist training in Huainan is also written as "the soldiers' mouths will be destroyed, and the wooden mouths will be broken", all of which are the same as Liezi.Wang's annotation "Mukou is soldiers", and it says "things are added", the four characters are suspected to be not original.

Xi Tong said: "Zhe" mistook incompleteness as "soldier" and mistaken shape as "common" ear.It is hereby modified according to Liezi Huangdi chapter, Wenzidao original chapter, and Huainan Yuandao precepts.However, Wenzi and Huainan, under "Wood is strong, it will break", have "When the leather is strong, it will crack, and the teeth are as hard as the tongue, and then fall first", all rhymes, or Laozi originally had it, but now it is broken.

[So the strong place is below, and the weak place is above. 】

Yan Kejun said: Each book is written as "under the strong place", without the word "so".

Luo Zhenyu said: The Dunhuang Xin version is "so strong and stays under", and the Geng version is "so strong and stays under".

Qian's case: "Chu" in Suizhou and Pengshang was used as "ju", Fan was used as "qu", and Gaoben and Han's two "chu" were combined as "ju".Strictly "soft" as "small". "Stay strong", Peng, Fu, and Zhao share this stone.The cover is a metaphor of vegetation, where the root is strong and the stem is strong, and the branches and leaves are weak and weak.

[Phonetic Rhyme] Jiang's rhyme in this chapter has no rhyme.Yao Wentian and Deng Tingzhen are the same.Xi Tong: Mie, fold rhyme.Chen Zhu Zeng Tu, Tu Yun.And Gao Benhan: Sheng, Bing rhyme, Xia, Shang rhyme.The case of modesty: Sheng, Bing, Xia, and Shang are not rhymes, and Gao said it wrong.Takeuchi Yoshio said: "If the army is strong, it will be destroyed, and if the original is strong, it will be broken." Liezi Huangdi quoted Lao Dan's words.Laozi Chapter 76 also contains this saying, but the text is different.Off, fold rhyme.

The Youjinglong stele version has 54 characters, the Dunhuang version has the same characters, the Heshang and Wang versions have 57 characters, the Fu version has 59 characters, and the model version has 58 characters.Heshang titled "Jieqiang No.70", Wang Ben titled "Chapter 76", and model title "Renzhisheng Chapter No.70".

(End of this chapter)