Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 46

[Dacheng is like a mouth, and its use is not harmful. 】

Qianzhi's case: "口", each version is written as "Que", Yilin Juan [-] quoted scriptures and Heshang Gong's commentary are both written as "鈌", and Heshang version published in Song Dynasty is written as "口".Ma Xulun said: "'鈌', '口' and '空' are false, and the side of '缶' and the side of 'Chui' in the popular books of the Six Dynasties are often confused. 'Fou' is written as '口', because it is mistaken for 'gold'." "The word "disadvantage", Fu Yi, Peng, Zhao and Han Shiwaizhuan nine are all used as "poor".Yunhui Xiaobu said: "I, don't cut the pen, I say so." This is the work "I" that Fang Risheng saw.Bi Yuan said: "'I', He Shanggong and Wang Bi made '口'." It is what Bi saw that He and Wang Ben wrote "口".Today, all rivers and kings are doing "cheating", just like this stone.

[The great profit is like a rush, and its uses are endless. 】

The case of modesty: Dunhuang, Suizhou, Fu, model editions and anthologies of Wei Du Fu commentary, donated to Lu Ji as a commentary on Wu Wang Lang Zhongling's poems, and all scriptures have the pronunciation and meaning of "Ying" as "full".Fu and Fan "chong" are used as "cups".Fan Yingyuan said: "'Big Man is like a cup', Guo Yun and Wang Bi are in the same ancient version." It is what Fan saw that Wang's version was also written as "full".

The case is "Ying". The word "Man" was changed to avoid the taboo of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty (Jiang Xichang said).Each book is written as "Ying", and the word "Ying" is an old book (said by Ma Xulun). "Chong", from Fu and Fanben as "cup", is also true.The word is also called "chong".Zhunnanyuan Road "Chong Erxu Ying", Note: "Xu Ye." This "Da Ying Ruo Chong", that is, Da Ying Ruo Xu Ye.

In another case, "Daying" is relatively written with the above "Dacheng", and "Cheng" is the word "Sheng".Both Sheng and Ying are from dishes, which are ancient utensils for eating.Ma Xulun said: "The case of 'Cheng' is the province of 'Sheng'. The article said: 'Sheng millet is also worshiped in a vessel.' It is extended to say that the vessel is Sheng, and the book of rites and funerals is 'eat porridge in Sheng'. In this article, 'fullness' and 'lack' are relative. Say the text: 'Lack, the utensils are broken.'" Qian Zhi's case "Ying" is also utensils, and the text: "Mouth, full utensils, from the utensils." The extension means full. Store for surplus. "Da Ying Ruo Chong", "Chong" should be used as a "cup", and it is said in the Department of Wen Vessels: "Mouth, the utensils are empty, from the utensils, the sound. Lao Tzu said: 'Use it in the way of the cup.'" The utensils are empty and the utensils are full. Speaking of it, it is said that the utensils of great abundance are like the utensils of emptiness, so their uses are endless.

【Big Straight as Bend,】

Qian's case: Zhuhe, Wang Bentong, Fu and Fan "Qu" as "诎".Luo Juan's "straight" as "true" is wrong.

Fan Yingyuan said: "The tone is Qu, and the song is in vain."Ma Tantong Guben from Taishi Company.

Ma Xulun said: Each book, Huainan Dao Yingxun, and Xun Shuang's biography of the Later Han Dynasty are combined as "Qu".Said the text: "Qu, there is no tail."The word "Qu Shen" in ancient books also often uses "诎".In this case, there should be a sentence "its use is unyielding".

Sun Yirang said: In the case of Han Shiwaizhuan nine quotations from Laozi, "Qu" is also called "诎", which is the same as Fu Benzheng.Take the above two sentences "Its use is not harmful" and "Its use is endless" as an example, there are some.The ones that Han relied on are still the ancient books of the pre-Qin and Western Han Dynasties, so they are unique and complete.After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, this sentence was basically used.

[Big ingenuity is clumsy, great debate is inflexible. 】

Luo Zhenyu said: "Na", the Dunhuang version is "Na".

Qian's case: Li Daochun's version and Lou Zheng's version "debate" as "discrimination".Zhuangzi quotes the sentence "big cleverness is as clumsy" in Xunxi, Huainan Dao Yingxun quotes the above two sentences, and it is the same as this.The nine quotations of Han Shiwaizhuan are "great debates are dull, great ingenuity is clumsy, and its use is unyielding", and Mou Zili's confused theory is quoted as "great debates are dull, great ingenuity is clumsy", and the two sentences are reversed.

Yi Shunding said: Morality refers to the theory of great success if it is lacking. "Great ingenuity is like clumsiness" and it is said that "it is to win as if to cheat". "One sentence.

【Irritability is better than blockage, calmness is better than heat,】

Wei Jiasun said: "Irritability is better than fortress", and the imperial note "fortress" as "cold", Yan missed the school.

In Qian’s case, “Sai” is written as “Chan”, which is a typo. "Jing", Fu Ben made "Jing", the same below.There is also the word "irritability". Ma Xulun said: "'Impatience' is called '趮' in the text, and disease is also called 'irritability' today. This is regarded as 'dryness'." Case: Ma said yes.The name of the interpretation: "Irritable, dry, things are dry and they are moving and flying." The words of the interpretation: "Dry, scorched." The text: "Dry, dry." "Therefore, when it is overcast, the ground cracks and freezes, the breeze blows, the frost and snow condense, fish and turtles lie dormant, and everything is like a fist. At this time, a greenhouse, facing a furnace fire, is heavy with foxes and raccoons, and worms are attacking. When it comes to calming the mind and calming the mind, and moving the body to work, it is necessary to vent sweat, donate clothes and go out of the room, and keep warm." This uses "moving the body to work" to explain the word "restless", although there are Seeing the ground, I want to use this to explain that "being in the greenhouse, facing the fire, paying attention to foxes and raccoons, and attacking mulberry cotton" is not enough to overcome the cold, but it is different from what common sense sees. .In fact, "irritability" means dryness, and "dryness" is the Chu dialect used in Laozi's book, which refers to the fire.The Shiru Tomb Explanation said: "Chu people call fire dryness, Qi people call it destruction, and Wu people call it mouth." Lao Tzu was from Chu, so he used the word "dryness". "Irritability beats cold" and "quietness wins heat" are antithetical texts. "Jing" and "口" have the same word, and the words "口" in Chu Ci "receive and clear water" are annotated as "口".Said the text: "Mouth, from the water, quiet." It means that clear water can beat the heat, and the fire can keep out the cold.

[Qing Jing thinks the world is right. 】

Yan Kejun said: "I think the world is right", there is no word "Yi" in each book.

Qian's case: Jingfu, Xingxuan, Muromachi, Gu Huan, Fu, and Fanben all have the word "Yi".Fan "Qing" has the word "Zhi" on it, saying: "The ancient version has the word 'Zhi Yi'." "Zheng", Suizhou's version is "Zheng", Dunhuang's version is "Zheng", not "Zheng". Dongzheng Fu Annotation is quoted as "Quietness is the righteousness of the world".

The note on the river said: "If you can be clean and quiet, you will be the leader of the world."Cheng Shu said: "Clean and quiet, you can benefit yourself and others, and use righteousness to control evil, so it is the righteousness of the world."According to the biography of Laozi in Shiji, "Li Er transforms himself without doing anything, and is quiet and self-righteous." Gai Jiewen.

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: Que, Kui rhyme (Jiebu, Kuiyin lame), Chong, Qiongyun (middle part), Qu, Zhuo, Na, Reyun (zhi, Jitong rhyme, Quyin Que, clumsy) Xieyin 梲, Naxie slave moon rebellion).Static, rhyme (gengbu).Deng Tingzhen: The rhyme of lack and malpractice, saying: "The sound of 'disadvantage' is in the ministry of worship, and the sound of 'missing' is the sound of the ministry of sacrifice." Qian's case: Yao Wentian and Jiang Tong, Deng Tingzhen, Gao Benhan, Xi Tong, and Chen Zhu all did not use The word "hot" rhymes.Li Daochun said: "Disadvantage" is associated with the rhyme of "turtle".Gu Yanwu and Tang Yunzheng have sixteen scraps: "Lack" is a negative sound, and it is also called "口".Lao Tzu: "Great success is like a mouthful, but its use is not enough. A great surplus is like a rush, and its use is endless."

There are 41 characters in the Youjinglong stele version, 42 characters in the Dunhuang version, He and Wang versions, and 40 characters in the Fu and model versions.Heshang's title is "Hongde No.45", Wang's title is "Chapter 40", and the model title is "Dacheng Ruoqi Chapter No.[-]".

(End of this chapter)