Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 21

[Without learning and worry-free. 】

Yi Shunding said: Wenzi quoted "absolute learning without worry" above "absolute sage and abandoning wisdom", which is suspected to be the case in ancient books.Gai has the same meaning as the three "jue".Now in the sentence "Wei Zhi and Ah", the meaning seems to be different.

Ma Xulun said: "The sentence of "absolute learning without worry" should be in the last chapter.It is also said: Chao's reading of the book cited the emperor's version of the Ming Dynasty, and it also belongs to the end of the old Chapter 19 with "no worries about learning".

Jiang Xichang said: This sentence is derived from Wenyi, and it should belong to the previous chapter. It is also a summary of a passage that "absolutely abandons sage, abandons wisdom, abandons benevolence and righteousness, and absolutely abandons ingenuity".Chao Gongwu Jun Zhai Shuzhi said that Tang Zhang Junxiang and the [-] Lao Tzus annotated the sentence "absolute learning without worry", appended "absolute sage and abandon knowledge" at the end of the chapter, and "only it and ah" is another chapter, which is different from other books. From it.Later, Gui Youguang and Yao Nai also used this chapter to belong to the previous chapter, yes.

Li Dafang said: "The case of "absolute learning without worry" cannot be divided into the next chapter.The three sentences of "Seeing the simplicity and simplicity, less selfishness and few desires, and no worries about learning" are inherited from the above sentence "These three think that the text is not enough, so they have their own." "See the simple and embrace simplicity", inherit the two sentences of "absolute benevolence"; The sentence "insufficient" is to summarize the above; the sentence "the order has a place" is to enlighten the context.The context is clear and there is no doubt.

[Weizhi and Ah, how far is it?What is the difference between good and evil? 】

Wu Cheng said: "Wei" and "Ah" all responded: "Wei" means righteousness, "Ah" means flattery.Geometry is not far from words.

Liu Shipei said: "Ah" is regarded as "he".Said the text: "He, you are angry when you talk too much." Guangya explained: "He, you are also angry." "He" is commonly used as "he".Hanshu Shihuozhi "Jie Er Fu He Hu", Yan Note: "Responsibility and anger." Gai "Wei" is the answer, and "言" is the word of responsibility and anger.The anger of people's hearts must arise from what is denied, so Lao Tzu used "言" instead of "No" because of the rhyme below.The only thing that is consistent with Ah is the same as saying to follow it and violate it.

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dun and Sui wrote "goodness" as "beauty".

Yi Shunding said: Wang's original work, "How far apart is beauty and evil", is exactly the same as Fu Yi's original.Note cloud: "Only A beauty is evil, how far away is it." This is the proof.The current work "how to" is not the old one of Wang Ben.

Jiang Xichang said: Gu Bencheng said "beautiful when you follow your will, and evil when you go against your will", which is "beauty" by Cheng Cheng.In the second chapter, "Everyone in the world knows that beauty is beautiful, but I hate myself", and they talk about beauty and evil.Fu Ben's "goodness" as "beauty" should be followed.This article A, He, Evil, and Ruo are rhymes, and the "Ruo He" in all the originals should be followed.Yan Kejun said: "How are you going to go?" Wang Bi may say "how", but no.

[What people are afraid of, one must not be afraid of. 】

Sun Kuang's ancient and modern textual research said: "No", and one of them is "Dare not".

The case of modesty: Huainan Dao Yingxue quoted the above two sentences, which are the same as this stone.

[Busy and young! 】

Wei Jiasun said: "The space between the two characters "Busy Qi" was originally blank, and it was either to be re-engraved, or it was divided into chapters by mistake, and it was written strictly.There is also a pattern between the two characters "Chunchun" in the latter part. For example, the first line of the stele is used.

Qian's case: the space under "busy" is not a character, nor is it divided into chapters. It is suspected that the character "xi" has not been engraved.

Yan Kejun said: "Busy Qi Weiyang", the imperial note is "Desolate Qi".Heshang and Wang Bi have the word "xi" under the "huang" and the word "zai" at the end of the sentence.

Wu Yun said: Xing originally called "huang" as "mang".Wang's Lanquan said: Doubt is a mistake in the word "huang".

Qian's case: the Hiroaki and Muromachi editions are written as "Desolate", and the stele edition is written as "Busy". "Busy" is the same as "mang", which is actually the word "mang", and "mang" is borrowed from "huang", which is the word "mang" today.Poetry Changfa "Flood Mangmang", Xuanniao "House Yin Earth Mangmang", Biography: "Great Appearance." Zuo Zhuan Xiangsi "Mangmang Yuji", Note: "Distant Appearance." Huainan Chuzhen "Qi Dao The glow is ignorant", note: "the appearance of the vastness." Tan Shi Fu "How to look at the light of the sky", note: "It's like a dream." The great master Zhuangzi "was wandering beyond the dust and dirt", commentary : "The appearance of no line." The Suizhou stele is written as "mang", covered with deep grass and called mang, which has the same meaning as "busy".Xiao Er Ya Guang Gu: "Reckless, big too." Lu Lanzhi followed up "Why is it so reckless?" Note: "Long-grown appearance." Zhuangzi Xiaoyaoyou "suitable for those who are reckless", Cui Note: "The color of the grass. " "Busy", "reckless", and "barren" have similar meanings.

【Everyone is hey, if you enjoy too much,】

Ma Xulun said: "Xi" is a loan word for "媐".Said the text: "Ni, it's fun to talk about it."

The case of modesty: "Xixi", Zhuangzi's horseshoe chapter "feeds Xixi", and Liezi Yang Zhu's chapter "Xixiran to wait for death" has the same meaning as the word "xi". "Xixi" means "hee hee". The first five quotes of Zhuangzi's "Xi" are used as "hee" in the book notes, and the [-]th quotations are combined as "Xi" in the ninth book of beginners and the collection of Shiwenlei.Yanzi Spring and Autumn Six "Sages are not with Xi Ye", this work is "Xi".Xi, hee, and Xi have the same meaning, which means "everyone is Xixi", that is, everyone is hee.

Yan Kejun said: "If you enjoy too much prison", "" is another typeface.The royal annotation is "Ruxiang", the interpretation is "Ruoheng", and the river is used as "Drink".

Qian's case: Suizhou's original "Tailao" was used as "Dazai", which was wrong.Art and literature are gathered three times on the river for "Ruoxiang", and jade candle collections are three times cited as "And Enjoy".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: "If Heng is too strong", Wang Ben's "Heng" word, Lu's pronounced it as "cooking".Heshang was pronounced as "enjoy", and "heng" was changed to "enjoy".Now both He Shangben and Wang Biben are "Xiang".The third quotation of this article in the Jade Candle Collection is "Drink", which is combined with the Heshang edition cited by Lu Suo.Covering the unique word "Heng", different interpretations are different among different schools, which leads to differences in the text.

[Ruochun takes the stage. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Yu Zhu and Wang Bi's works are "like spring on the stage", and on the river are "like spring on the stage".

Bi Yuan said: "It's like spring on the stage", Wang Bi and Gu Huan are the same, and Minghuang and Yizhou stone carvings are also the same.In the [-]th year of the Zhengtong period of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Emperor's version published by Dao Zang was mistakenly called "Dengchuntai".In addition, Li Shan's commentary on Fu's homeless residence is also wrong.

Yu Yue said: According to "Ruchun on the Stage" and "Ruodong Shechuan" in the fifteenth chapter, the Heshang Gong's book "Ru on the Spring Terrace" is not correct.However, his note said: "In spring, yin and yang communicate, and all things are moved. When you go to the stage to watch it, your will will be lustful." Inverted ears by mistake.

Jiang Xichang said: Tang Qiangsiqi's Daodezhenjing Xuande compiled and cited Heben's scriptures as "like spring on stage", which is exactly the same as Song Heben;Gu Bencheng wrote "It's like spring on stage again", and Cheng also wrote "Like spring on stage". ...Wang Ben, He Ben, and all the stone books are all written as "Chun Dengtai", which is the same as the ancient version, so it seems that it cannot be modified according to the last versions. "Ruo" should be written as "ruo" from the stele, so as to be consistent with the previous sentence.The previous sentence in the interpretation is "If", this should be the same.

【I don't have a sign,】

Yan Kejun said: "I am only afraid of its unforeseen sign" in the imperial annotation, and "I am only afraid of its unforeseen sign" on the river.The interpretation is "Guo", and the leading river is "Po".Fu Yi wrote "I am alone, and there are no signs", and Dadian wrote "I am here, and there are no signs".Wang's quotation from Xingzhou is the same.

Lu Wenxie said: In the current text, "I am alone, and it is not a sign."Said the text: "Fear, do nothing." Tibetan version is true.Today's Wang Bi wrote "Po" in his original version, and the ancient version called "Po".

Luo Zhenyu said: Jingfu and Yinglun wrote "Fear".

Hong Yixuan said: "I am only afraid that there is no sign of it. Heshang Note: "I am only afraid of being quiet, and there is no sign of quiet desire." Righteousness is this.The popular version is the word "Po", not.

The case of modesty: In this article, the words "Po" and "Po" have the same sound.Historical Records Li Shiqi biography "Luobo" as "Luopo".Another example is the word "虎胡" as "蓝".In the Jin dialect of the national language, "the soul is a sign of the people", Wei Zhao's annotation: "a sign, see it." This says "my soul is not a sign", which means that I am afraid of doing nothing.

[If the baby is not yet born. 】

Yan Kejun said: Each book is "like a baby's unborn".

Bi Yuan said: He Shanggong and Wang Bi wrote "ruo" as "ru". "Cough", Heshang Gong is "baby".Shuowen Jiezi said: "cough, Zhuanwen child." The same with ancient characters.

Lao Jian said: "It's like a baby who hasn't coughed." The word "cough" is used as "baby" by Jinglong and Kaiyuan, and "cough" by Fu, Fan, Jingfu and Shiwen. Zhang Xuanjing is the same as the ancient version." Jiyun is commonly referred to as "child", and "child" is the ancient text of "cough".

Qian's case: There is no word "baby" in the Wenzi part, see the word "cough" in the mouth part.Guangyun "baby, the first child is born", "cough, the child laughs", the same pronunciation is cut from household.Class articles: "Child and cough are the same, laugh for children." "Child" and "cough" are the original characters, and Fu and the templates are "cough", which has the same sound and meaning.The word "cough" is used in the interpretation, which is written as "cough" in Zhiwang's version, and "cough" in Jingfu's and Muromachi's versions.

[Ride and ride to nowhere! 】

Yan Kejun said: "Cheng Cheng" on the river has the word "Xi Ruo" under it.Wang Bi wrote "Hum, hum, if you have nowhere to return".

The case of modesty: Fu Yi's original work is "the puppet is not enough, so it has nowhere to go", the model version is "if it is not enough, it seems to have nowhere to go", the Suizhou version and Gu Huan's version is "the chief has nowhere to go", Jingfu, Louzheng, Xingxuan, Fenxi, and Yinglun each wrote "Traveling and Riding as if You Have Nowhere to Return".

Zhu Jun said in a voice: "Hey, say Wen: "Looking down. One is lazy, obedient, and tired." It is slightly different from "兽", the word is also "儽", and it is mistakenly called "口".Guangya explained the second: "口, Lao Ye."

Explanatory training: "口口, tired." Lao Tzu "口口呀If there is nowhere to return", the interpretation: "Be defeated, and scattered."

Takeuchi Yoshio said: The Wang version is "儽儽兮", the old Chaohe River is called "Puppet Xi", and the Jinglong stele is "Cheng Cheng Xi".The sound of pressing 儽 and puppet is the same. It is said that the text "儽 儽, vertical appearance" is not close in sound and meaning to "Cheng Cheng".It is suspected that "Cheng Cheng" is a falsehood of "shui shui".Sure enough, Zeheshang originally wrote the word "弤兵", and according to his righteous instruction, he wrote the word "Chui".

[Everyone has more than enough, but I am alone. 】

Yan Kejun said: "I" on the river has the word "and".

Luo Zhenyu said: Neither the Jinglong version nor the Yuzhu version has the word "he".

Xi Tong said: "Yi" is borrowed as "deficiency", which means insufficiency.The book of rites says that "the poor and the old don't leave it behind", and the interpretation "leaves, the original work is lacking", which is the proof.

Yu Xingwu said: "Yi" should be pronounced as "kui". ...Guang Ya's interpretation: "Deficiency, plus also." Wang Niansun said that "deficiency is a legacy", and "legacy" has an added meaning, and "deficiency" has no additional meaning.The Book of Rites and Music Book "Its wealth is lacking", the interpretation: "Deficiency, lack."Those who come to explain it all read "lost" like a word, and have to say that it is lost.

[My fool's heart is pure. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Zhi Xin", He Shang and Wang Bi have the word "Ye Zai" under the "Xin". "Chunchun", Heshang and Wang Bi wrote "Chaos, Chaos", and the interpretation: "Chaos, originally it is also called 忳."

Bi Yuan said: Wang Bi and He Shanggong wrote "Chun", and Su Lingzhi's book also wrote "Chun", so it is true to write "Chun".Lu Deming said: "This is also called 忳." "Chaos" and "忳" are not the same.

The case of modesty: it is also true to be "pure".Yi Wenyan is "pure and refined", Cui Jin's note: "If you don't miscellaneous, it is pure." Chaos", the same meaning.Zhuangzi Shanmu chapter: "Purity is always better than madness." Zaiyu chapter: "It's chaotic and chaotic, and you will never leave it for life." Purity is chaotic.Peng Xi's commentary said: "Li Chunchun is like a character, and he is known as simple and desireless." It is true.

[Ordinary man Zhao Zhao, I am alone as if faint. 】

Yan Kejun said: Wang Bi made "I am alone and faint".

Xi Tong said: "Hun Hun", all the works are "Ruo Hun", and the syntax is inconsistent, so I follow Wang Bi's version.Zhuangzi said in Yupian: "To the extreme of the Tao, be dim and silent."

Jiang Xichang said: In terms of literary friendship, it is true for those who do "口口".The following Bi notes "Do nothing, feel bored, if you don't know anything", which proves that Lao Tzu wrote "口口" in ancient books, not "Ruokou", and "口口" is the opposite of "Zhaozhao".

[Ordinary people check, I am alone. 】

Jiao Hong said: "Zhaozhao" and "Chacha", the ancient version is "Jie Zhaozhao" and "Jie".

The case of modesty: Fu and the model are like this.Fan Yun: "Wang Bitong's ancient edition does not have the word 'Jie' in this world." Zhiwang's edition should have the word "Jie".Also "boring", Fu and Fan make "Min Min", and "Min" has the word "Ruo".

Fan Yingyuan said: Heshang Gong and other families call it "Mengmen" together, with the same sound.Han Wengong's ancient Fu has "Du Min Min Qi Hao is here, and I can announce myself with the article", and the word "Min Min" is detailed, and the note says "one work is boring", which is exactly in line with this, and this is from the ancient version.

【Light as the sea,】

Yan Kejun said: "Suddenly Ruohui" in the imperial annotation, "Suddenly Ruohai" on the river, "Danxi Qiruohai" by Wang Bi, "Piaohu" in the Dadian, and "Suddenly" in the book.

The case of Qian: Yan Zun's original work is "Suddenly as if dark", Fu's original work is "Light as it is like the sea", the model version is "Dan as if the sea", the two works of Yuzhu and Yinglun are "Suddenly as dark", Guangming, Jingfu, Muromachi's three books are "Suddenly It's Like the Sea".Li Daochun said: "'Suddenly as dark as it is', or as 'light as it is like the sea', no." Qian's case: The word "Dan" in the Wang and model books is also true.Wang Xizhi's version is also called "Dan", but the stele version is mistakenly called "Dan".Said the text: "Dan, the water shakes, from the water, the sound of Zhan." It is very different from "Dan". "Hai", originally meant as "dark", is a pretense of "sea".Book test Lingyao: "The words of the sea are dim and invisible." Shiming and Shishui: "The sea is dark. It is mainly responsible for filth and turbidity, and its color is black and dark." Sea and dark have the same meaning.This description is like the trance of the sea, which cannot be exhausted.

[Wandering is endless. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Lonely seems to have no end" in the imperial notes, "Drifting as if there is no end" on the river, "Yuan Xi" on the river cited in the interpretation, "Yuan Xi as if there is no end" by Wang Bi, Liang Jianwen and Fu Yi wrote "Floating".

Qian's case: Muromachi this same.Heshang and Wang Xizhi's original works are "There is no end to the wind", Guangming's "The mouth is as if there is no end", the model version is "Floating as if there is no end", the museum version is "Lonely without reason", the British version and Yu Note the same.Yousun Kuang's ancient and modern textual research is saying: "'It's like there's no end to it', one is 'it's like there's no end to drifting', the other is 'it's like there's no end to glue', and the other is 'it's like there's no end to silence'." There is no limit", I don't know what the basis is, and I suspect that the word "口" is wrong.Yoshio Takeuchi said: "Caoxi" is written in Tianwen Chaoheshang, "口xi" in Guangming Zhuang, and "Piaoxi" in Takigawa and Shidetang's editions.Press "口" and "口" as the or body of "Piao", and Piao and Biao have similar sounds.

Wu Yun said: Wang Lanquan cited the "mouth" of the Lord on the river as "Yuan", and noted: "This river is originally a drift." According to this stone as "mouth", there are many north steles.Bi Yuan said: Zhuangzi used this article when "the abyss is as deep as the sea".

Qian's case: "Wandering has no end", Yoshinaga.Yu Taixu, floating like a long wind, has the same meaning as the word "飂".Shuowen: "飂, high wind also." The word is also "口", Wu Du Fu: "口飔风之口口".

[Everyone has their own, but I am stubborn and despicable. 】

Yan Kejun said: "You have already", and each book is "You have to". "I am alone stubborn", He Shang and Wang Bi have the word "and" on "I".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Dun and Jing's two books "use" as "have".Qian's case: "You have" means "you have".Said the text: "Already, use it." Li is also used as "口" and "Yi".Guang Ya explained: "Yi, 口 also." Zheng's note on Kao Gong Ji said: "It's already possible to make Yi." Annotation on Tan Gong said: "Yi is the same as Ji." Xunzi's non-phase article said: "Why Ji Also?" Note: "It is the same as Yi." This cloud "everything has its own", that is, "everything has its own", which is what Zhuangzi said "it must have its own".

[I am unique from others, but I value my mother. 】

Tao Hongqing said: Fu Yi's book has the word "desire" under "I am alone".According to Wang's note "I only want to be different from others", it is the word "yu" that Wang saw in the text, and it was passed down to capture it.The essence of Lao Tzu's description of the Tao is mostly the words of branching, limp and indistinct, or saying Ruo, Ruo, Like, General, and Desire, all of which are for this purpose.When the word "desire" wins.

Qian's case: the Dunhuang version and the Suizhou version are "independence" and "desire".

Yan Kejun said: "It is more expensive to feed the mother", and the imperial note is "It is more expensive to ask for food from the mother".

Li Daochun said: "It is more important to eat the mother", or it is said that "the son is more expensive to seek food from the mother", no.

Lao Jian said: The word "Shimu" was mistakenly added by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and it was written as "seeking food from mother".Xuanzong's own note said that "there was no word "seeking" and "yu" before, but now it is added." Ming is not an ancient version, and Fan's failure to correct it.

The case of modesty: There are many mistakes in the interpretation of this sentence, but Su Zhe got its meaning and said: "For example, a baby does not have omnivorous food, but eats from its mother." And Zhuangzi's Dechongfu article "Porpoise eats from its dead mother", Guo Zhuyun: "eating milk." This cloud "eating mother" means eating milk from the mother.In Wang Xi's book, there is also the word "Qiu" under "Gui". This post is undoubtedly written after the Ming emperor added the character.

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: Ah, He Yun (Ge Department), E, ​​Ruo Yun (Yu Department, Evil, Wu Ruo Yun, Ruo, Ruo Rhyme), Wei, Wei Yun (Zhi Department), Zai, Xi .Gui, Yi rhyme (Zhibu), faint, dull rhyme (Wenbu, boring, flat tone), Hai, Zhi, Yi, B, mother rhyme (Zhibu, Haiyinxi).Xi Tong: A, He, E, Ruo rhyme, Xi, Lao, Tai, Hai rhyme, Gui, Yi rhyme, Chaos, faint, boring rhyme, dark, stop, Yi, mean, mother rhyme.Chen Zhu: You, A, He, E, Ruoyun, Xi, Lao, Tai, Child, Gui, Yi, Zai.Yu Tongxi.Gao Benhan: Huang (one as awn), central rhyme, Xi, Lao, Taiwan, Zhao, child, return, Yi, and Zai are all rhymes, and Gui and Yi are also rhymes of their own.And dizzy, bored (one is Min), sea (one is dark), stop, Yi, humble, and mother are rhymes.Yang Shuda said: "Jiang Yun got it, and Xi, Chen and Gao made a mistake."Deng Tingzhen said: Evil, if it is rhyme.The ancient sounds of good and evil, likes and dislikes are all used as the outgoing tone, and later generations forcefully divide the good and evil into the incoming tone. The word "Ruo" rhymes with "Fu" in poetry, Datian and Xigong all rhyme with "Shuo", and the ancient sound of "Shuo" has the same rhyme as "Zhe".Shengmin's "Zhe" rhymes with "Lu", University's "Shuo" rhymes with "Evil", and the palace's "Ruo" rhymes with "Zuo". The ancient sound of "Zuo" is the same as "Zuo" and "Zuo".Mutual proof, probably the word "Ruo" is also the outgoing sound of Yu and Yubu, and the present sound is changed from going to entering.Jiang Yougao said: Don't be bored if you are bored.According to ancient times, there is a flat voice, which should be collected together with the soul department.Laozi's different vulgar article "I am alone and bored" is in harmony with "faint".The chapter on Hue, "Qizheng is boring", is in harmony with "alcohol" (Tang Yun's four tones are 26).It is also said that Jiang Yougao said that "prison" is not a rhyme.The case of modesty: "prison", the ancient pronunciation is Ruoli.Jiangyong ancient rhyme standard level tone No. 11 said: "Lao, Lang Houqie. Press prison, the ancient sound is like this, so the interpretation of the name says: "Stay, prison also." Spring Terrace.’ Zhuang Xin cited a sarcasm: ‘It’s never too late to make up for a lost sheep.’ It’s all read like Li, and it’s covered in dialect ears.” Also “Taiwan”, the ancient reading is like Zhi, and the explanation name: “Tai, Chi Also." The word "tai" should follow the sound of ㄓ, so it is close to "hold". "Baby, Hu Liqie", prison, platform, and child are rhymes.And prison, Zhao also rhyme.Ma Xulun said: "Xi, Tai, and Child are the rhyme at the end of a sentence, and the sages have been able to understand it. If the prison and the omen are also coordinated at the end of the sentence, it is also the rhyme between poems." (Ten Discussions on Rhetoric)

There are 130 characters in the Youjinglong stele version, 130 characters in the Dunhuang version, 140 characters in the He and Wang versions, 20 seven characters in the Fu version, and 20 characters in the model version.Heshang’s original title is “Extraordinary Customs No.[-]”, Wang’s original title is “Twenty Chapters”, and the model title is “Juexue Wuyou Chapter No.[-]”.

(End of this chapter)