Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 16

[Ancient good scholars,]

Yu Yue said: He Shanggong's commentary said: "It is called the king who has attained the Tao." Therefore, "those who are good at being scholars" are regarded as "those who are good at being the best", so they interpret it as the king who has attained the Tao. "Shang" and "Shi" are similar in shape and misleading.

Qian's case: Yu said no.According to He Shanggong's commentary, "those who are good at being scholars" are regarded as "those who are good at being Taoists".Fu Yi's "Scholar" as "Tao" is the proof.Bi Yuan said: "'Tao', Heshang Gong and Wang Bi are 'scholars'."Ma Xulun said: "Danggu Biography of the Later Han Dynasty quoted as 'Tao', and it was annotated by Yiheshang, and the character 'Tao' was also written on the cover of the river...In the text, the word 'Tao' is the same. Today's king's book is written as 'Scholar', cover 68 chapters Wen." In addition, this sentence has the same friendship with Chapter 65 "The ancients are good at Taoism", and it also echoes the sentence "Guardian of this Tao" below.

[Subtle and mysterious, deep and unknowable.Husbands can't know, so they are forced to tolerate:]

Jiang Xichang said: Biography of Lao Tzu in Shiji: "Lao Tzu said: '...a good businessman hides as deep as an empty;

Yi Shunding said: An Anthology of Wei Du Fu Zhang Zai's Notes quoted Lao Tzu as saying: "The ancient scholars are subtle and mysterious, and they are deep and unrecognizable. The husband is unrecognizable, so I must praise him."

【…The old characters for "song" and the modern characters for "rong". ...Forcing the tolerance, just like the cloud forcibly. 】

Chen Zhu said: "Song" is written as "口", so "Rong" is also an ancient borrowed word, so there is no need to change it.

Qian's case: "unrecognizable", the model version is "unfathomable", and the note says "ancient version".

【Yu Ruo Dong Shichuan,】

Yan Kejun said: "Yu" on the river is "Yuxi", and Wang Bi is "Yuyan".

Luo Zhenyu said: "Yu", and the interpretation: "This may be 'remorse'." "Yan", Jingfu originally wrote "Xi".The Jinglong, Yuzhu, and Dunhuang B editions do not have the word "Yan".

Li Daochun said: "Yuxi is like winter and Sichuan", or "Yuxi", or the following six or three sentences without the word "Xi", it is not true.

[As if you are afraid of your neighbors,]

Yan Kejun said: "Yu", He Shang and Wang Bi said "Yu Xi".

Wang Chang said: There is also the word "Xi" under "Yu" in various versions, and the two sentences from Lu Xisheng to Yuan version are the same.

Luo Zhenyu said: Neither Jinglong nor Yuzhu have the word "Xi".

Qian’s case: Ye Mengde said under the rock: “Prevent what is called Yu in the first place, and call it hesitation in the future. Hesitation is the name of the two beasts. The ancient sayings take meaning from things, and they are often named after things, and later generations follow the practice. , But knowing its meaning, not knowing what it is, so it is presumptuous to drill down, and there is no one who is not wrong." Now according to Er Ya's interpretation of beasts, "it is like a deer, good at climbing trees", and the interpretation quotes Shi Zi: "Yeah, a five-foot dog. "Shuowen dog department: "Yeah, it belongs to Yu. One said: Longxi calls the dog son as you." And Yan's family precepts and certificates: "Yeah, the name of the beast, it is the sound of people, it is Yu Yuanmu, so it goes up and down, so It’s called hesitation.” Hanshu Gao Houji “Hesitations have not been decided.” Shigu said: “Yeah, the name of the beast. Erya said: ‘It’s like a mouth, good at climbing wood.’ This animal has many doubts and often lives in the mountains. , I suddenly heard a sound, fearing that someone would come and harm it. Every time I climbed the tree, there was no one for a long time, and then I dared to get down, and I went up again in a moment. Hesitant. Dogs follow people, and every time he hesitates in front of them, he will not be able to treat others, but he comes to greet them again, so he hesitates." "Hesitant" means "hesitation and".In the Records of the Historian Lv Houji, "Still and undecided", Suo Yin: "It's still an ape, with a long nose and long tail, and a suspicious nature." Han Shu Huo Guang's biography "I can't bear to be undecided", Note: "Still and undecided. "Also known as "冘yu".Dou Wu Chuan notes in the Later Han Dynasty: "Yu Yu, uncertain." Gao You also commented on Lu Lan as "Yu Yu".Wang Niansun's Reading Magazine (Volume [-]) said: "Hesitating double-voiced words is like the words of Chu Ci. It doesn't mean that beasts are afraid of people and climb trees, nor does it mean that dogs are in front of people." Both theories are valid. The king said it was victory.This is like saying that those who walk across the river in winter are afraid of the cold, and those who are afraid of their neighbors are afraid of the enemy.

【Just like a guest】

Yan Kejun said: He Shang and Wang Bi have the word "Xi Qi" under "Yan".

Wang Chang said: Heshang Gong wrote "Like a guest", and Wang Bi wrote "Look like a guest".The word "Ke" in the case rhymes with the following four characters: Shi, Pu, Gu, Zhuo, etc. It is not the same as "Rong".

Chen Zhu said: "Wang Bi's "guest" is "rong".Luo Zhenyuyun: "Jingfu's edition is written as 'Ke', while Jinglong, Yinglun, and Yuzhu's editions are all written as 'Yanruoke'." Fu Yi's edition of Zhu Press is also written as "Yanruoke", and those who wrote "Ke" are also.Guest, interpreted as rhyme.Those who write "tolerance" are mistaken because of the above "forced to accommodate".

[Huan Ruokou will explain,]

Yan Kejun said: Heshang and Wang Bi wrote "Huan Xi Ruo Bing will be released", and the next three sentences all have the word "Xi".

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong, Yinglun, and Yuzhu are all written as "Huan Ruo Bing Jiang Shi".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: Atsushi's "interpretation" is "汋".The case of modesty: Suizhou is also called "汋".

Liu Shipei said: Wenzi Shangren wrote "Huan Xi is as liquid as ice".It is suspected that Lao Tzu's ancient book was "liquid". The word "Jiang Shi" is a side note of later generations, and the proofreader uses it to replace the main text.

Yi Shunding said: Kaogong Ji Gongren's note: "Yi, pronounced as 醳." Shan Hai Jing Bei Shan Jing said: "Yi, the sound is pleasant and pleasant." Both "醳" and "怿" are related to "Shi"... Gu Ming "Wang Buyi", Ma Ben wrote "Bushi", which is the evidence. The pronunciation and meaning of "liquid" are the same as "interpretation", so they can be used universally.

Jiang Xichang said: Shuowen: "Explain, explain." "Liquid, water is exhausted."However, "release" is also false "liquid" in ancient times.The Book of Rites monthly decree "freezing and dissolving", and the interpretation: "Shi, this is a liquid." is an example.Wenzi used "liquid" as a pseudonym; Laozi used "shi" as an original character.

【Dun as plain, muddy as turbid, open as valley. 】

Yan Kejun said: In the imperial notes, it is "open as a valley, as muddy as turbid", and on the river as "open as a valley, as muddy as turbid".Wang Bi is the same as Heshang, and the word "hun" is "mixed".

Wang Chang said: Xingzhou's original work is "chaotic like plain, open like valley, muddy like muddy", and the syntax is the same;

Wei Jiasun said: "Dunruo Pu".Strictly follow the three items of "Pu", "Pu is small", and "Zhi Pu", and correct the redundant omissions of the words "Pu" and "Pu".According to Mupang's official characters, there are many borrowers, and the people of Tang Dynasty are even more uncertain. In front of this last sentence, the back school can save it.

The case of modesty: "mixed" is the same as "hun".Yuzhu, Xingxuan, Qingyang, Fenxi, Louzheng, Muromachi, Heshang, Gu Huan, Li Daochun, and Fan Yingyuan are all written as "hun".Volume [-] of Wang Niansun's reading magazine said: "Mixed, with the same sound in the ancient and Qing Dynasties."

【Performance can turn turbidity into tranquility?Xu Qing. 】

Wei Jiasun said: All steles use "cooked" as "which one", and the imperial note "ripe" is "cooked", and the rest are "cooked", which is strictly out of school.

The case of modesty: there is no word "cooked" in ancient times. "Cooked", said Wenzuo: "Which one is food and cooking." The Book of Rites and Li Yun: "Then the rice is fishy and delicious." Common, adding "fire" is a later character.Gongyang Yinyuan Biography: "Who is the king?" The Analects of Confucius: "Which one cannot bear?" Note: "Who is."

Bi Yuan said: Heshang Gong wrote: "Who can stop the turbidity and make it quiet, Xu Qing."... Or the one who says "stop" rhymes with the word "jiu" below, so it should be.

[Any move it?Xu Sheng. 】

Yan Kejun said: "The imperial annotations are "safe for a long time", while He Shang and Wang Bi wrote "which one can be safe for a long time".There is no word "for a long time" in the Dadian "Who can be safe".

Takeuchi Yoshio said: The Dun, Jing, and Sui books do not have the word "which one can".

The case of modesty: These two sentences are different in different scriptures.Fu Ben wrote: "Which one can make the turbidity clear and calm, but Xu Qing? Who can make it calm and move it for a long time, and Xu Sheng?" The first sentence of the model version lacks the word "Cheng", and the next sentence is the same.Guangming's work: "Which one can be quiet for turbidity, and Xu Qing for movement? Which one can be calm for a long time, and use Koukou for movement (the word "Xu Sheng" has already been used)?" And the word "Xu" has the meaning of relaxation and slowness .Shuo Wen: "Xu, slow." Erya Shitian Li's note: "Xu, Shu Ye." Shi Di Li's note: "The air between Huai and Hai is wide and comfortable, and the nature is peaceful, so it is called Xu." Quiet, Xu Qing" is a counterpoint to "Anything to move, Xu Sheng".Wu Cheng said: "The turbid one is when it is moving, and when it is followed by stillness, it will gradually become clear. The quieter is when it is still, and when it is followed by movement, it will gradually come into being."

[Those who keep this way do not want to be profitable. 】

Bi Yuan said: Gao Yu Huainanzi noted: "Bao, the original or obedience." Ma Xulun said: According to Zhuang Ben's Huainan Road, "Bao" should be used as "recovery", and Wang Ben cited the same.Wenzi Shouwei's article is cited as "service".Lun means "protecting", "recovering", and "serving", and the two categories of Zhi and You are also common.

Jiang Xichang said: Although Bao, Fu, and Fu can be used as fakes, they should be "recovered" from Zhuang Ben Huainan.Said the text: "Return, come and go." Duan Zhukoubu said: "Return, return."The forty chapters are "the movement of the way of rebellion", and the rebellion is the return. "Those who return to this way do not want to be rich." It is still said that those who return to this way do not want to be full.

[The only thing you can do is not make money, you can make mistakes again. 】

Yan Kejun said: "The Imperial Annotation is "so it can harm and not make new things", the river is written "so it can cover up and not make new things", and the grand canon is "so it can be destroyed and not new things".According to Bi's annotation "covering, covering", it should be the same as that on the river.

Hong Yixuan said: "So it is possible to cover up what is not new." In the case, the word "cover" and "new" are paired, and "cover" is the word "poor".In the following, "the disadvantages lead to newness", the interpretation is "concealment".The Analects of Confucius Zihan's "clothes are worn out and gowns", the interpretation: "The disadvantages, the original ones are poor." Zhuangzi's Xiaoyaoyou chapter "Which is the disadvantages and disadvantages", the interpretation: "Sima is originally a cover." All ancient characters are common.

Yu Yue said: "Hiding" is a fake word for "感".Tang Jinglong stele is used as "fraud", which is also a false character of "poor".The Yongle Grand Ceremony is being written as "I". "Buxincheng" is the word "Buxincheng", and the word "Fucheng" is written on the Jinglong stele.However, Lao Tzu was quoted in Huainanzi Dao Ying Pian: "Those who follow this way do not want to be profitable, so they can do harm and not make new achievements." This is the case in ancient times.But there is no word "and" in this book, which seems to be insufficient in the meaning of the text.

Yi Shunding said: Doubt is regarded as "so that it can be concealed and newly formed." "Conceal" is a borrowed word for "we"; "not" is a wrong word for "and". "Draft" and "new" are opposite, and those who "can be degraded and become new" are those who say in Chapter 22 that "deep make new", which agrees with the above "can be turbid and clear, and can be peaceful and live".Huainan Road should be trained as "so it can be concealed but not new".It can be proved that the word "he" originally existed in the ancient scriptures, and the word "bu" was almost added by later generations.Wenzi's Shishou chapter was written as "it is not new to cover up", which was also changed by later generations.All the books are either written as "unsuccessful" or "reconstructed", all of which are unreliable, and to change them with intentions is not as good as using this book to prove the evidence of this book.

The case of modesty: Qian Daxin said: "'So it can cover up what is not new', and the stone book's 'can make mistakes and make it' is far better than other books." That's right.Fu Ben's work "is based on what can be ruined but not accomplished", and the word "new" is removed, which is contrary to Laozi's righteousness.Yi said that "the new is the new" to prove that this article is "the old can be covered and the new is made", and his theory is also better than Yu Yue's saying that "it is better to damage than to be new".For example, Chen Jiru and Lao Zijun said, "Those who are capable but not new, it is not easy to remain unchanged, and a hundred years are like a day", which is really extremely pedantic.However, in the text, "it can be concealed and restored to success", it should correspond to the above sentence "those who restore this way do not want to be prosperous", then "concealed and newly completed" is not as good as Jinglong, Suizhou, Li Rong, and Sima Guang's works "concealed". And reconstitute", it is also clear that it is more in line with Laozi's righteousness.

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: Tong, Rong Yun (Eastern), Sichuan, Lin Yun (Wen, Zhen Tong Yun, Sichuan Yinchun).Ke, Shi Yun (Yu Bu, Shi, Shu Ru Sheng), Pu, Gu, Zhuo Yun (Hou Bu, Pu, Pang Mu Fan, Zhuo, Zhai Mu Fan).Qing, Sheng, Ying, Ying, and Chengyun (Gangbu).Xi Dong and Gao Benhan all use Hakka, Shi, Pu, Gu, and Zhuo as one rhyme, Yao Wentian uses Hakka, Shi as a rhyme (Wuxi into the tone), Pu, Gu, and Zhuo as a rhyme (Six Houses into the tone) .Gao Benhan's "Yuxi" is used as "悲兮", "惊" rhymes with "尤", "燕" rhymes with "Huan", and "Dun" rhymes with "Hun".Yan, Huan actual non-rhyme. "Ke" is used as "rong", and "shi" is also used as "汋" as "liquid", both of which rhyme.And "what can be turbid to make it quiet, Xu Qing". Sheng, Ying, become rhyme.In addition, the word "Xi" was deleted from the stele of this chapter, which caused the loss of the magic of the five thousand words of the Chu sound, so it should be corrected by him.Tan Xianfutang’s diary (52) states: “The stone inscriptions in Yizhou have the fewest language aids, and the commentators think it is recent. Fu Yi’s finalized version is before the stone version, and the language aids are the most complicated. All doubts are distorted, and it is too late.” This is exactly what it means.Gu Yanwu, Tang Yun, Volume [-] Geng: "Sheng", what you want to cut, is what you want to fight for.Quoting Lao Tzu: "Therefore existence and non-existence are born together, difficult and easy are complementary, long and short are in harmony, and high and low are inclines." "Which one can be turbid to stop it? Xu Qing. Who can be peaceful to move it for a long time? Xu Sheng. Those who protect this way, Don't want to be full. The husband is only not full, so it can't cover new things." "Those who got one in the past, the sky can be cleared, the earth can be calmed, the gods can be filled, and all things can be born. Get one and think the world is chaste."

There are eight characters in the Youjinglong stele version, eight characters in the Dunhuang version (79 characters), 97 characters in the Heshang and Wang versions, 98 characters in the Fu version, and 99 characters in the model version.Heshang's title is "Xiande No.15", Wang's title is "Fifteen Chapters", and the model title is "Ancient Goodness Chapter No.15".

(End of this chapter)