This is the most effective way to learn

Chapter 7 Previewing is not as simple as you think - the preview method of top students (2)
Top students do not spend too much time on preview, they will arrange preview activities according to the actual time available in the study plan, and will never crowd out the time for studying other subjects because of too long preview time.If the time is too long, it will backfire.

One is that it takes up too much time and affects homework;
Second, it is easy to get tired and the effect is not good;
The third is to read too much content, and it will not be taught in class the next day, so it is not very useful.

The main purpose of the pre-study is to master the basic knowledge, be familiar with the teaching materials, and be able to be purposeful and targeted when listening to the lectures.For questions that you don’t understand at the moment, you can make a mark and leave them in class to listen to the teacher’s explanation carefully. You don’t need to understand all the questions in the preview, which will waste too much time and fail to achieve good results.

A preview method for top students.

Quickly scan through the new material you are about to study.

At this time, you need to understand the main content of the textbook, and figure out which content you can understand as soon as you read it, and which content you don't understand.

With questions in mind, read it a second time while thinking.

For questions that you didn't understand in the first reading, you should always keep this question in mind when you read it for the second time, think deeply, and study the textbook carefully.At this time, the reading speed can be appropriately slowed down. When encountering difficulties, you can stop, look up what you have learned before, or consult relevant reference books and reference books, and strive to overcome difficulties and solve problems by your own efforts. Read what you didn't understand.For the problems that you have not solved after hard work, you don't have to force yourself to solve them, which will take a lot of time.You can write down this question and leave it to be solved during the lectures in class.

Make preview notes while previewing.

There are two kinds of preview notes, one is made in a book, and the other is made in a notebook.The preview notes made in the book should be read while reading, mainly by punctuating and sketching on the textbook.What should be circled and outlined should be the paragraph level of the textbook, the main points of each part, and some uncommon words and sentences.At the same time, you can also make eyebrow comments in the blank space of the pages, write down your own opinions and experiences, and write down questions that you didn't understand.The preview notes made in the notebook can be made while reading, or can be arranged after reading the textbook.The organized content includes the excerpts and experiences of the key points and difficult parts of this lesson; what are the main issues taught in this lesson, and the context and logical connection between them, and what are the difficulties encountered during the preview , How did I solve it, which reference books or reference books I consulted, the excerpts and experiences of valuable parts of the materials I consulted.

Different preview strategies are adopted according to the characteristics of different subjects.

The pre-study can't be stereotyped. We must grasp the key points of the pre-study and choose different preview methods according to the characteristics of different subjects.For example, in Chinese class, we must first eliminate the obstacles of new words and new words, and then analyze the general idea, central idea, and writing style and technique of the paragraph, while in mathematics class, we must focus on the mastery of mathematical concepts and principles.

Top students can guarantee the effect of preview.

In order to ensure the effect of the preview, the top students should implement the following work.

First, top students must make a preview plan.

There are many subjects to be studied in school, and it is impossible to preview every subject.If you just pick up a textbook and read it, your efficiency will be affected due to inattention, and you don't have so much free time.Top students plan which homework to preview every day, and usually they choose to preview their weaker and difficult subjects.

Second, preview should have time guarantee.

Top students don't have more time than others, they have to seize the time to squeeze out the time for homework preparation.Usually, make sure to preview one or two homework for the next day every day.If a certain chapter has just been finished, top students will strike while the iron is hot, and immediately set aside a short period of time (usually on weekends) to preview the next chapter.In this way, I did the pre-study work unconsciously, and my learning ability gradually improved, thus forming a virtuous circle, and I felt more abundant in time.

Third, try to overcome the difficulties in the preview.

When previewing, they will inevitably encounter some problems that are not easy to understand. At this time, top students will not close their books and wait for the teacher to solve them in class. They will first use their brains, think carefully, and see if they can figure it out by themselves.If you can't figure it out, don't think about it too much, because it is impossible for everyone to figure out various problems by themselves.At this time, the top students will make a set of preview symbols.For example, "?" means doubt, "﹏﹏" means unclear, "『』" means words that you don't understand, etc.Check the dictionary for those who draw "?", and focus on learning the content that you don't understand. If you don't understand, you can express it with an emphasis mark or a symbol you set. Listen carefully when the teacher explains it until you understand it.

A student in the fifth grade of elementary school said: "When previewing new content, it is often impossible to fully understand the internal relationship of knowledge. My method is to outline the problems that I don't understand in advance, so that next time I listen to the teacher's lecture When the teacher talks about things that I don’t understand, I will listen very carefully, so it will be easier to learn.”

In addition, the new content previewed may involve the old knowledge learned.This can be figured out as long as you look through old textbooks or reference books and find the corresponding part.By doing so, old and new knowledge can be linked, while old knowledge is reviewed and consolidated.

Fourth, top students will adopt effective preview methods according to the characteristics of each subject.

Top students will not be dogmatic and apply a preview method mechanically. They will choose the corresponding preview method according to the characteristics of the subject itself.

A method for top students to preview Chinese.

Since each course has its own characteristics and rules, the preview methods are also different.Top students grasp the characteristics of the course before previewing, and choose an appropriate previewing method according to the characteristics of the course, which greatly improves the efficiency of previewing.

So, how do top students prepare Chinese lessons?

Most of the Chinese classes are composed of articles that are not related in content, and the continuity of its knowledge is mainly reflected in the meaning and grammar of words, words, and sentences.The purpose of Chinese class is to learn mother tongue and to train analytical and comprehensive thinking ability.Proceeding from these characteristics, it is better to use the method of previewing in time in Chinese class.

Read through the text.

Top students generally have to read the text once, and then read it aloud again.Reading aloud not only trains your own pronunciation, but also deepens your understanding of the text through the change of tone.

Clear the obstacles and pass the word test.

When reading the text, the top students draw the words they don't know, the words they don't understand, and the sentences that are not easy to understand.For words that are not annotated in the book, look them up in dictionaries, dictionaries, especially some half-understood sentences, and look up the information to find out.For example, in Lu Xun's "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore", there is a sentence: "It seems that there are only some weeds in it." "It seems" means uncertain, and "certain" means very certain. How do you use these two words together?Look for a reference book to see how it is explained. If you can't find a reference book, mark it with a colored pen so that you can pay attention to how the teacher explains it when you talk about this part.

Preliminary analysis of the text.

Understand the general meaning of the text, identify levels and paragraphs.When encountering a well-written place or a place where they have unique insights, the top students will make a mark on the side of the text to remind themselves to pay special attention when the teacher talks about it.

Summarize the central idea.

Finally, the top students will use pens to write down the content of their summary of the topic of the text.In class, compare with the central idea outlined by the teacher.

After the above four steps, the top students will find out the key points, doubts and difficulties during their lectures, and the preview of a text will be basically solved.

In short, the top students summed up one sentence for their Chinese preview: pay attention to thinking during the preview process.

Top students preview the methods of mathematics, physics and chemistry.

Comparing mathematics, physics, chemistry and other courses with Chinese courses, you will find that mathematics, physics and chemistry have a common and important feature: the continuity of knowledge is particularly strong.Therefore, although top students sometimes preview math, physics and chemistry courses in time, most of them choose to concentrate their time on stage preview and semester preview, so that they feel that their learning efficiency will be higher.

Although the contents of mathematics, physics and chemistry courses are different, there are common rules to follow when previewing.Therefore, top students adopted the following preview method:
Read the text.

The first step in previewing mathematics, physics and chemistry is also reading, which is the basis for previewing the next few steps.

Deduce the formula yourself.

There are a lot of formulas in mathematics, physics and chemistry courses, and some textbooks have derivation process; some textbooks do not have derivation process, but just write out the initial form of the formula, and then say, "It can be obtained by derivation", and the resulting formula written out.Regardless of whether there is a derivation process in the textbook, the top students will close the book and deduce the formula by themselves when previewing.If there is a derivation process in the book, you can compare your derivation process with the book; if there is no derivation process in the book, you can compare it with the teacher's derivation process in class.This comparison makes it easy to find where your derivation is wrong.

Top students take this step as the focus of preview, because deriving formulas by themselves is not only analyzing and solving problems independently, but also discovering their own knowledge preparation.Usually, the inability to deduce or make mistakes in the derivation is due to insufficient preparation of one's own knowledge, either one has forgotten what one has learned, or some content has not been learned by oneself. One step to fill the vacancy.

Remove stumbling blocks.

The knowledge of mathematics, physics and chemistry has a strong continuity. If you do not understand the previous concepts, you will not be able to learn the following courses.During the preview, if you find that the concepts you have learned are unclear or unclear, you must figure them out before class.

Bringing together theorems, laws, formulas, constants, and more.

A large number of theorems, laws, formulas, constants, specific symbols, etc. in mathematics, physics and chemistry courses are the most important content in learning mathematics, physics and chemistry courses, and they need to be deeply understood and firmly remembered.Therefore, when the top students are previewing, they will gather these contents together separately, and each time they copy them, they will be able to deepen their impression.In class, when the teacher talked about these places, he compared his understanding during the preview with what the teacher said to see if he had understood anything wrong.

Try the practice questions.

The exercises in mathematics, physics and chemistry textbooks are all for consolidating the knowledge learned.The final step in the prep for top students is to try out the exercises.The reason why I say try it is because it does not emphasize doing it right, but it is used to test the effect of my own preview.The preview effect is good, and the exercises attached to the book can usually be done.

After the above five steps, the top students have identified the key points and difficulties in their lectures, found out the defects of their knowledge, and basically solved the preview of a mathematics, physics and chemistry class.

In short, the top students summed up their mathematics preview in one sentence: pay attention to thinking and practice during the preview process.

(End of this chapter)