This is the most effective way to learn

Chapter 67

Einstein's "total-divide-combination" reading method
Einstein is a famous physicist in the world, and he has made great contributions to physics.The famous theory of relativity was proposed by him.The reason why he can make such a great contribution has a lot to do with his unique reading method.He not only likes reading, but also is good at summarizing the rules of reading.Someone once asked Einstein how to read, and he summed up the reading method of "one total, two points, and three combinations", which is a great inspiration and reference for us to read and study.

A summary: first browse the preface, postscript, postscript and other general descriptions of the book, and then carefully read the table of contents to get a general understanding of the structure, content, main points and system of the book, so as to have an overall impression of the book .

Two points: After reading the table of contents, skim the text first.This does not need to be read word by word, but focus on selecting those paragraphs with underlined, dotted, bolded or specially marked headings and subheadings to read, which are often the key points of each section.You can choose what you need to read based on these.

Sanhe: On the basis of flipping through and skimming the whole book, the mind has a specific impression of the book, and then go back and read the catalog carefully, and think about it and synthesize it to make it organized and systematized. Clarify its internal connection to achieve the purpose of deepening and improving.Further understand many things that could not be understood at the first reading.People tend to do poorly on this step, read the book and throw it away.

"Three Reading Method" Combining Extensive Reading, Speed ​​Reading and Intensive Reading

Everyone has their own way of reading and learning, and you should not insist on the same, but you should absorb the experience of predecessors according to your own conditions, and comprehensively summarize your own practical learning methods.

The 21st century is a society of rapid development and rapid transmission of information.Faced with a dazzling array of books, newspapers and periodicals, people have neither the time nor the need to read them all intensively. Instead, they should treat them differently and choose according to the bibliography and actual needs.

Here is a recommended reading method "Three Reading Method"

(1) Browsing extensive reading.For most easy-to-understand books or books and newspapers with low reading value, the browsing method can be adopted, that is, "casual browsing" to get a general understanding of their main content, or by looking at the title, table of contents, content summary, preface, etc. Seeking to obtain more valuable information within a limited time.

(2) Exploratory speed reading.Sometimes reading is to achieve a specific purpose or complete a certain task, such as seeking the answer to a certain question, collecting knowledge of a certain aspect, etc., which requires "ten lines at a glance".The secret of fast reading is to let the brain run in front of the eyeballs. Children who master fast reading can read more than 200 words per minute, while untrained children can only read eighty or ninety words per minute.Speed ​​reading can obtain new knowledge and new information, multiply and multiply, and catch up with the needs of the development of the times.

(3) Intensive reading with taste.For famous novels and other excellent works of both quality and quality, it is necessary to read them carefully, understand the conception and conception, figure out the layout and plan, appreciate the wonderful words and sentences, like people eat food, after chewing and swallowing carefully, can the contents of the book be digested. The essence becomes the nourishment of one's own knowledge.Some good articles need to be read several times, or even recited.

Extensive reading driven by intensive reading

The famous linguist Mr. Xia Yuzun advocated a reading method: take the intensive reading of articles or books as the starting point, and then develop in all directions, and read many books by intensive reading of an article, effectively expanding one's knowledge.

Mr. Xia Yuzun cited Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring" as an example: This article was written by people in the Jin Dynasty. If you want to know the status of this article and the situation of Jin Dynasty literature, you can go to the history of Chinese literature; This article embodies a kind of utopian thinking, and Moore in England wrote a book called "Utopia", which can be read in comparison; this article belongs to the category of narrative, if you want to understand the format of narrative, you can go to it Read books about narrative writing; in addition, if you want to know the character of the author Tao Yuanming, you can also read "Book of Jin · Tao Qian Biography".In this way, a whole series can be drawn from reading a book.Mr. Xia Begizun himself often reads like this.

When Lu Xun read literary and artistic works, he once said: "First read the anthologies of several famous writers, from which works you think you like the most, then read the special collections of this writer, and finally look at his historical position in the history of literature and art. If If you want to know more details, just read a biography of this person, and then you can get a general understanding." This reading method combines extensive reading and intensive reading, with both cross-sectional and longitudinal sections.

gobble up reading method

Qin Mu's reading adheres to the principle of learning from others' strong points.In his article "On the Road of Exploring Knowledge", he summed up his reading method as swallowing and chewing: "You only need to know a general outline of books and newspapers to read extensively," but it should be wide-ranging, just like a big whale absorbing water; " Books and newspapers that require thorough understanding and memorization of details must be read intensively", just like an old cow eating grass, chewing slowly and savoring carefully.This is what was later called the "swallowing and chewing reading method".

Qin Mu, a famous contemporary writer, reads a large number of books, newspapers and magazines every day, accumulating extensive knowledge.As a result, his works are strung like jewels of knowledge, shining with unique brilliance.When Qin Mu talked about reading, he advocated the eating method of cows and whales, that is, "cow chewing" and "whale swallowing".

What is "cow chewing"?He said: "After grazing during the day, the old cow still moves its mouth until eleven or twelve o'clock at night, chewing the cud again and chewing the things it swallowed during the day. We should do the same for things that need intensive reading. Repeat many times, chew very finely before swallowing. For some books, swallow them in general at first, and then study the taste carefully in sections. In this way, even difficult things are easy to digest.” This is “cow chewing” intensive reading.

So what is "whale swallowing"?He said that the giant baleen whales in the cetaceans can swim like a floating island.But it feeds mainly on small fish and shrimp in the sea.How do these gadgets fill its huge stomach?It turned out that the baleen whale kept its mouth wide open when swimming, and small fish and shrimp flowed into its mouth along with the sea water. When it closed its mouth, the sea water leaked through the teeth, and a large number of small fish and shrimp were sieved. .With such a big mouthful, tons of small fish and shrimps will enter the stomach of the whale.People should also learn how to eat whales through extensive reading. If a person wants to learn some knowledge, if he only has intensive reading and no extensive reading; if he cannot "swallow" tens of thousands of words every day, it will be difficult to enrich his knowledge.Relying on exquisite snacks and vitamin pills alone will definitely not make you healthy.

"Cow chewing" and "whale swallowing", the two cannot be neglected.It is not only necessary to "whale", but also to read a large number of various books extensively, and to study and savor a small number of classic works repeatedly.In this way, intensive reading and extensive reading can be organically combined.

Whale swallowing and cow chewing are originally different eating methods of animals, but they were used by the writer Qin Muqiao as a metaphor for extensive reading and intensive reading, which is really interesting and still fresh in my memory.

(End of this chapter)