This is the most effective way to learn

Chapter 64

You can no more win a battle of ideas without books than you can win a naval battle without ships.

Roosevelt

Some people refer to books as good teachers and helpful friends, but others refer to books as enemies.

Su Shi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once used the term "Sun Tzu's Art of War" to compare reading to reading. He believed that reading is like using soldiers.If there are a lot of questions, it is necessary to break through them one by one, and read and understand the articles one by one.Zheng Banqiao, a literati in the Qing Dynasty, once regarded books as his enemy.He took the doubts, difficulties, or controversial issues he discovered while studying as the "fortress" set up by the "enemy" and worked hard to break through.

The reading method of using books as a metaphor for the enemy requires us to be able to discover problems when reading, and strive to delve into them to solve problems; and to be able to innovate, exercise our thinking ability, and promote development.

Four Metaphors of Reading

Fa Shishan, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, wrote "Four Poems on Reading", using four metaphors to discuss the principles and methods of reading, which can inspire people.

first poem:

Reading is like storing goods, and there is nothing in a room.

Rare and strange rocks are produced, and ghosts are hidden in the abyss.

When you can't get what you want, how can you walk by trekking.

The poet believes that reading should be like accumulating treasures, and that as much as one should have, the better, and even travel long distances to get it.Of course, if you have treasures, don't show them off to others, and at the same time, you can't leave them idle.

Second poem:

Reading is like a tree, it cannot be expected to grow suddenly.

Planted in the empty mountains, the sun comes and the moon goes.

The dew leaves are smooth and luxuriant, and the smoke is gradually desolate.

Reading should be like planting trees, step by step, don't rush for success.The sun and the moon come and go, and they will grow up unconsciously.At first, you may feel that "you can't get anything if you hide the book, and you will be happy in your heart", but read on persistently, "suddenly the ancient moon shines brightly in the sky".It will naturally be integrated, and the harvest is not small.

third poem:

Reading is like running, and adventure is not to be confused.

Thousands of miles are safe, and there is no hope in the middle.

Since ancient times, the hearts of people with lofty ideals have often been hurt and blocked.

Studying is like traveling a long way, and you will inevitably encounter difficulties and setbacks. At this time, you must hold on bravely and go on firmly.It must be able to reach a very high level.

Fourth poem:

Reading is like a soldier, so let's talk about discipline first.

The general sweeps the bandits like a storm.

With strict discipline, the army can wipe out the enemy bandits like a storm like a storm.He borrowed the words from "Book of Changes" and said: "Master Zhenzhang Renji".Zhen means righteousness, and only the teacher of justice can be invincible.Therefore, he especially emphasized that reading should "build righteousness" and have correct guiding ideology. "It's better not to open up books if you don't build righteousness to win."If reading is not guided by correct thoughts, if it cannot be used to cultivate one's moral sentiment, it is better not to read.

Four Situations of Reading

Whatever you do, you have to pay attention to the method.Reading is no exception. Only by mastering the correct method can you deeply understand the connotation of books and help you absorb the nourishment provided by books quickly and in a timely manner.

Reading can be divided into four situations, namely:

The first is the information-based reading method.

The purpose of this type of reading is for information only.We read newspapers, advertisements, brochures, etc., which belong to this reading method.For most of this kind of materials, readers should use the one-eye-ten-line speed-reading method, and their eyes quickly browse between the texts like electronic scanning, so as to capture the content they need in time and discard the irrelevant parts.Anyone who thinks that speed reading is indispensable for understanding the current situation or studying a certain period of history, however, it depends on the material being read whether it needs to be interrupted, intensive reading or pause for reflection.

The second is the reading method of literary works.

In addition to content, literary works also have rhetorical and prosodic meanings.So read very slowly, and you can hear every word in it, and if your lips don't move, it's just because you're lazy.For example, when reading the word "pressure", the throat muscles should move at the same time.When reading poetry, you should pay more attention to hearing the sound. Even if a syllable is missing in a line of poetry, you can still hear it.When reading prose, you need to pay attention to its rhythm, listen to the sounds before and after words, and get your own perception from metaphors or the combination of words and words.Only by making full use of this ability to accept language can the works of writers absorb their intelligence, imagination and writing skills.This kind of reading method that relies on hearing-receiving text signals through the eyes, translating them into sounds, reaching the throat, and then comprehending them, is ultimately related to our ability to imagine

The third is the classic reading method.

This method is used to read philosophical economics, military and classical works.Reading these works should be as slow as reading literary works, but readers often take their eyes off the books and think carefully about every word and sentence in it to capture the author's true intention.So as to understand the profound philosophy.It is worth noting that if you read literary works with the classic reading method, it is often easy to ignore the characteristics of literary works, so that readers can get into the horns of the so-called history of literary concepts.

The fourth reading method is the narcotic reading method.

This reading is for entertainment only.Like taking narcotics, readers forget their own existence and float in infinite fantasies.Such readers are generally not interested in their own experiences and feelings, and place themselves completely outside the book.If you read masterpieces with narcotic reading methods, readers can only get some superficial plots with their own fantasies added, which makes immortal masterpieces fall to the level of vulgar works of Mandarin Duck and Butterfly writers.If you read "Anna Karenina" casually, it is like reading a poor love triangle novel.Narcotic reading reaches its peak towards adulthood.The anesthetized reading of young people is responsible for a great deal of literature of poor quality.

Reading is inseparable from the word "thinking"
One of the most important ways to read is: think more!
Wang Fuzhi, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said: "There are two ways to gain knowledge, learning and thinking." He especially emphasized "thinking". Open the word "thinking".

Einstein once said: "Learning knowledge requires good thinking, thinking and rethinking. I became a scientist by this learning method."

How to "think"?When Zhu Xi, an agent scholar in the Song Dynasty, introduced his reading method, he had such a passage, which is worthy of our deep thinking.He said: "When reading, at the beginning, there are doubts about the unknown; secondly, doubts gradually, and doubts step by step in the middle.

When we read a new book, the new knowledge and new viewpoints provided by the author will often put question marks in our minds.This is normal.

(End of this chapter)