This is the most effective way to learn

Chapter 52 Improving Reading Speed
According to the reading speed, there are slow reading and speed reading.Slow reading requires tenacity and endurance. For those who read sloppily and carelessly, they should first practice slow reading, so that they can sit for hours without squinting or distracting.It is said that Newton thought about problems and concentrated his attention very much. The posture he sat on the first day did not change until the second day.This kind of concentration is what slow reading requires.Generally speaking, slow reading is intensive reading, and speed reading is skimming, but this is not absolute. In the era of highly developed science and technology, reading materials have multiplied, so it is very important to speed up reading.Regardless of skimming or intensive reading, you need to adjust the speed.Here, we focus on the skills of speed reading.

The fast reading method is a reading method to quickly search for useful information from the text. It is not a superficial quick browsing that only seeks speed, but a creative understanding process that focuses on quality.Readers should analyze and synthesize the content of the book in this process, so as to lay the foundation for the formation of new knowledge.Speed ​​reading is generally suitable for reading technical magazines, newspapers, popular science books, official documents, etc.People with speed reading ability, reading efficiency is amazing.According to the old Soviet Bolshevik Pan Leboshinski: When Lenin was studying, his eyes and thoughts responded very quickly, which surprised everyone around him.His ability to understand books reached a rare level.Leboshinski's wife had been exiled from Krasnoyarsk to Minusinsk by boat with Lenin, and she observed Lenin reading on the boat.Lebosinski recounts a memory from his wife:
Lenin was holding a very thick book (it seemed to be in a foreign language) in his hand.But after reading it for less than half a minute, he turned to a new page with his hands.She asked curiously: "Did you read it line by line, or the whole book?" Frach was a little puzzled by her question, and said with a light smile:

"Of course I'm reading it... and I'm reading it very carefully, because there is something worth reading in this book."

"Then why do you turn the pages so quickly?"

Vladimir Ilyich replied: "If I read slowly, it means that I have not had time to read all that I need to know."

In Lenin's time and before, although many people had geniuses and amazing reading speeds, people had not studied speed reading as a reading method.It was around the 20s that relevant experts paid attention to research and found that in today's era of "information explosion", the reading speed of most people is still at the level of 40 years ago.Many readers are desperate to master speed reading skills.Here we introduce several speed reading techniques and their principles.

The main reasons for slow reading
Slow reading speed is a weakness that limits our knowledge. Why do we read slowly?According to American psychologists Goode and Ilov, the main factors that cause slow reading speed are as follows:
l. Too many reading pauses.Long pause time: According to psychological tests, fast readers only pause once every 58 lines.The time of each stop is 0305 seconds.

2. Look backwards. Some readers have to read backwards because of the shallow impression left by the reading.experienced readers.The eyes are clearly focused on those key words.

3.Word reading: When reading, the eyes are focused on the front while the mouth is silently chanting (the uvula is moving), which limits the reading speed.

4. Lack of mandatory speed training.Talking book buyers often seize all spare time to finish the book as soon as possible, and his reading speed is improved in this process.

5. Not good at using skip reading; when reading, there is an emotion that cannot ignore everything - this is called "completeness attitude" in psychology.This naturally affects speed.

6. Inattention: inattention is the enemy of learning, and it is also the main 'enemy' that affects reading.

7. Two levels of emotional differentiation: Too sad or too happy is not conducive to reading, and it should be stable.Read in a comfortable and casual state of mind.

8. Improper choice of time: do not read directly after sleep.Because the nervous system of the brain is still in a state of inhibition at this time, and it has not yet been excited to establish a relationship.Such a violation of physiological regulations and reading in a situation that is against the "biological species" will not be fast.

scanning method

This is a quick way to browse.

From a formal point of view, "scanning" is a rough scan, ten lines at a glance. In fact, this has higher requirements for readers. It requires a high degree of concentration and accurate selection of important information during fast reading.Experiments have proved that people with developed and trained vision (especially peripheral vision) can immediately find what they are looking for as soon as they open a book.When reading with the scanning method, it is best to hold a pencil in your hand and draw out relevant materials, names of people, main points of view and important data while turning the pages of the book.This is not only easy to grasp the main things, but also can reduce the "strangeness" in the second reading.The scanning method can also be used in the review. After reading a book, turn it over page by page, so as to reconnect the whole that was dissected during the close reading.Of course, the scanning method is used the most in searching for materials such as names of people, places, arguments and important data.

skip reading

The skip reading method is a reading method that skims quickly and extracts the essence from it. Unlike the scanning method, it is skipping, and some things are omitted without reading, while the scanning method is to scan page by page.Skipping methods can be divided into the following types.

The main reading objects are headlines, key words, charts, etc.Each book lists some chapter titles, and many books also highlight definitions and conclusions in bold type.In recent years, some books have shown the main points in boxes;Through the method of skipping, these key points are connected together to form a "condensed version" of this book.Many books need only be read in such a "condensed version".

(1) How to read the first and last sentences.It can also be divided into the reading method of the first sentence, the reading method of the last sentence and the simultaneous reading method of the first and last sentences.Generally speaking, especially scientific works, the first sentence of each small paragraph is often a sentence that outlines the main points, the last sentence is a sentence that connects the preceding and the following, and the middle is something like reasoning, supplements, and examples. Use the first and last sentence reading method, read only The first or last sentence of each natural paragraph can quickly grasp the main line of the development of the whole book and reduce the interference of side issues.

(2) Select the skip reading method.Choose the words you need to read that are related to a specific topic, and omit other paragraphs, sentences and words, most of which are used to search for literature.

(3) Grammatical word skipping method.This reading method mainly grasps key words, namely nouns and verbs, or in other words, mainly grasps subjects, predicates and objects, while ignoring auxiliary sentence components such as modifications.

(4) Random skip reading method.

The above four skipping methods use the clues that appear in the book as the attention points of reading, while the random skipping method is very subjective. Some chapters, sentences and words in .

Speed ​​Reading Trilogy of "Digesting and Absorbing"

The fast reading method requires readers to understand the content of the book, with the characteristics of condensed knowledge, and absorb the essence after fully digesting the key content.Experts have designed a three-step "digestion and absorption" reading method:

The first step is to select relevant words and keywords that best reflect the essence of the content;
The second step is to arrange the keywords in an organic combination so that it has a complete meaning;
The third step is to express the content in your own language and remember it.

There isn't just one correct reading speed you should use.The most ideal is.Able to read at various speeds.And know when to use what speed is appropriate.It is doubtful that reading at high speed will be productive; high speed is only valuable if you have to read material that is not really worth reading.In any case, the speed of reading is only a small problem in most people's reading problems.

10 Principles of Speed ​​Practice

The fast reading method can only be mastered through repeated practice in practice, and 10 principles should be paid attention to in the practice.

(1) Do not repeat reading.No matter how esoteric and complicated the book is, it should be read only once, and the eyes should not move backwards. Only after reading a chapter or a section for review, you can read it again.

(2) When reading, mentally classify the received information and remember the basic content of each category.

(3) Don't make a sound while reading.Reading aloud is the biggest obstacle to speed reading.In the process of reading, practice according to a certain rhythm, which can play a role in suppressing vocalization.

(4) When reading, the line of sight moves vertically, paying attention to expanding the peripheral vision.Gradually transition to comprehension reading as eye movement improves.

(5) When reading, the attention should be highly concentrated, and the exercises stipulated in the book should be completed systematically.

(6) While reading, understand.When reading text, it is necessary to analyze key words and main concepts (this is the focus of understanding).Remember that the purpose of reading is to identify and process the concepts and ideas in the book.

(7) The main method of memory should be adopted when reading.The purpose of reading determines the characteristics of memory. Only memorize the content that has been understood, and remember the author's opinions and thoughts, instead of individual words and sentences.

(8) To change the reading speed.This is as important as learning to read quickly.

(9) Practice often so as to consolidate the habits formed.

（10） 每天应该读完2份报纸、1份专业性杂志和50页~100页课文。

The psychological requirements of speed reading

Enlarging the amount of reading and improving reading efficiency is a new requirement of the times for today's young people.So, how can we improve reading efficiency?If you want to read well, you must have a good objective environment and psychological environment.Among them, psychological factors dominate.To maintain the best reading psychology, at least the following points should be in place:

[-]. A pure state of mind.That is to say, before reading, all messy, chaotic, and cumbersome thoughts should be wiped away, so that the state of mind is like a pool of clear water and a piece of crystal.The "picture" drawn on this "white paper" will be clear.

[-]. Desires.Reading requires a hunger and thirst for knowledge, strong interest and affection.

Three, a peaceful mind.When reading, the mood should be stable and peaceful, and the panic, irritability and tension should be overcome, and the heartbeat should be stable.Breathing should be even.

Fourth, a clear state of mind.There must be an obsessive purpose in reading, so that new discoveries will be made.

[-]. Concentration of mind.When reading, you should devote all your energy to the reading object, strengthen the activities of sensory organs and thinking organs, and stimulate the brain.

Six, optimistic mood.For the environment and situation, there should be a comfortable forward psychology, and there should be no reverse psychology of disgust.

(End of this chapter)