This is the most effective way to learn

Chapter 22 Are you afraid of English? ——English learning method for top students (3)
A snowball is a ball that grows rapidly by sticking to snowflakes as it rolls on the snow.Because it is a sphere, it is impossible to have all surfaces in contact, but also points; and because the points and surfaces touch each other, more snow can be adhered, and it can be firmly adhered.Therefore, to use the snowball memory method, you must use point-surface interaction.The point refers to a single knowledge point, and the surface refers to the entire structure.The technique of point-surface interaction can be divided into from point to surface and from surface to point.

①From point to surface.The commonly used form in practice is: first understand the basic point and the knowledge points extended from the basic point, and then comprehensively grasp them as a whole.Two methods of point and surface are introduced below.

a.Comparative method.Take history learning, for example.The land system profoundly influenced the prosperity, decline and change of dynasties in the feudal period of China. We can start from the land system of a dynasty and make longitudinal comparisons with other dynasties.The initial ones ranged from the "well field system" to the manor system when land was privately owned, the farmland system, the land equalization system, and Wang Anshi's land reform.In this way, we can have a very clear grasp of the land conditions in the entire feudal period of China.

b.Formula diffusion method, taking English learning as an example.Summarize some "formulas" from the learned materials, and then spread and derive words and sentences from the "formulas".For example, summarize sentence formulas according to the grammar you have learned:
Ⅰ.Predicate verb:

Sb. +agree/decide/hope/manage/offer+to do sth.

Ⅱ.The form of the non-predicate verb after the predicate verb:
Sb. +try/remember/forget/stop/begin/start/like+to do /doing sth.

Ⅲ.Compound object:

Sb. A+ask/order/want+sb. B+ to do sth.

Sb. A+ make/ let/ have+ sb. B+ do sth.

Sb. A+see/hear+sb. B+ do sth. / doing sth.

Sb. A+ see/hear/"have+sth."+done.

Sb. +"have+sth."+done.

IV.Subjunctive:

If were..., I would...,, If I were you, I would buy it.

If he did..., he would...,, If he had enough money, he would buy it.

If you had done, you would have done. , If you had taken her advice, you would have succeeded.

②By surface and point, also take English as an example to introduce three kinds.

a.Big and small.Learn large chunks of language materials first, and then verify and review small language materials or rules from them.For example, read and understand the following articles, and then comprehensively summarize and review the knowledge of verb tenses and compound sentences from the articles.

When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is BigBen, the famous clock which can be heard all over the word on the BBC. If the Houses of Parliament had not burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been corrected. BigBen takes its name from Sir Ben jamin Hall who was re-sponsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of enormous size, but is extremely accurate as well, Officials from Green which Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the BBC you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hand sands lowed at down!

b.Much the same.Learn and memorize the same material (Datong) many times, and focus on one point in the material each time (Small differences).This method is very useful.For example, when learning a word, the first time it focuses on its meaning in the sentence; the second time it focuses on its synonyms; the third time it focuses on its changes and spelling, and the fourth time...The same is true for studying a text. In the first pass, only the key words and the time, place, people, and events covered in the full text are recognized; in the second pass, you understand the main content; Paragraphs, find out the central sentence of each paragraph; shorten the full text for the fifth time; expand the full text for the sixth time; paraphrase the full text for the seventh time;...

c.Much the same.Large language materials such as sentences, paragraphs, and texts change every time, while key content words and rules are the same every time.Learn with different learning methods such as reading and listening.

Back and forth

If a snowball rolls very flexibly, if it stops on the snow, it will not take long for it to crack; the same is true for memory learning.Throughout the learning process, it is like sailing against the current, if you do not advance, you will retreat.If you don't make progress for a long time, it will even form a rigid phenomenon, that is, you will develop mistakes that cannot be corrected, and make no progress in learning.So one of the key to the success of the snowball technique is to keep rolling.

The first form is that relevant content can be continuously added, and each addition of a word is equivalent to scrolling once.The word radio (radio) can be associated with radio, that is, ray, radiation radi-radiant (radiant)-radioactive (radioactive)-radiate (emission, emission)-radium (radium-radioactive element)-radius (radius- The length of the radiation)-radiator (radiator, heating), and then the root of the plant is also radial, then there is radical (fundamental, root, foundation), etc., and so on.

In addition, one form expressing multiple functions or multiple forms expressing the same function is also a form of snowballing.Such as expressing suggestions can be said as Shall we go at ten? Let"s go at ten. Why not go at ten? How/What about going at ten? We had better go at ten. Why are foreign language textbooks suitable for snowballing? Because language has infinite generative power, different listening, speaking, reading and writing often Repetition of the same language ability; Second, because there is no strict logical sequence of teaching within the language. Therefore, the same material must go through multiple spiral reciprocations. Therefore, it is a good choice to use the snowball method to memorize English words and grammar.

Speaking Breakthrough Key
There are four main points to measure oral proficiency:
Whether the pronunciation and intonation are correct and whether the articulation is clear;

fluency;

Whether the grammar is correct, whether the words are appropriate, and whether they conform to the English expression habits;

Whether the content is substantial and the logic is clear.

These are the main criteria for measuring conversational competence.According to the above criteria, we can adopt corresponding training methods.

As the saying goes, "Practice makes perfect", and "proficiency" is the prerequisite for conversations with people. Only proficiency can make you fluent in conversation.The standard of proficiency is to be able to blurt out without thinking.In order to be proficient in spoken English, there are two major steps that cannot be ignored: one is to learn to imitate, and the other is to learn to repeat.

principle of imitation

First, it is very important to imitate loudly. When imitating, it must be generous, clear, rigid, and the shape of the mouth must be in place, and it must not be twitchy, whispering in the throat.

Second, be ready to correct words, phrases, etc. that you don’t speak well at any time.

With this kind of awareness, imitation will not feel monotonous and boring, and only then can we imitate actively, consciously and purposefully. .

[-]. Persist in long-term imitation Generally speaking, pure and beautiful voice and intonation cannot be achieved by short-term imitation. It takes a period of time, and the length of time depends on the concentration of self-study.

standard of imitation

To what extent is imitation considered good?To put it simply, it is to be "like", and it would be better if "yes" can be achieved, but it is not necessary to achieve "yes". "Like" means that the voice and intonation of the imitator are very close to the imitated language, and "yes" means that the voice and intonation of the imitator are not only very close to the imitated voice, but also very realistic.

imitation method

(End of this chapter)