This is the most effective way to learn

Chapter 12 Kung Fu is more outside the classroom - extracurricular learning methods for top students (1)
If classroom learning is learning within the threshold, then learning outside the classroom is learning outside the broad threshold.Learning outside the threshold is endless, it is learning with a higher degree of freedom, and it is learning that can widen the gap.Top students do a lot of work outside of class time, they read, they review and summarize, they rest, they entertain, they pay attention everywhere, so that learning is everywhere.

Top students will review in time after class.

The meaning of after-school review is to use a popular saying, which is called "review on the same day of the course".

Top students choose to review immediately after class, so that time and energy will not be wasted.If necessary, regardless of whether you want to do it or not, you should overcome the psychological barrier to review and review immediately and consciously.The time you spend reviewing at this point (it won't take a lot of time) will save a lot of time that you might spend re-learning later because you didn't review a chapter.

Review on the day of the course.What the teacher just said was impressive and clear.Psychologists believe that the knowledge just learned is forgotten the most after two or three days, and it is best to review it within 24 hours after learning.If you procrastinate for too long and have forgotten many of the lessons you have attended, it will be more effective with half the effort if you go to review again.An educator said it well.It should be to consolidate knowledge, not to patch up what has been forgotten.That is, to say: strike while the iron is hot and review in time.For you, this should become a habit, to be undisturbed no matter what the situation arises.

Why can immediate review reduce the rate of forgetting?Simply because it gives you a chance to connect the parts of the chapter and put them together, like putting the parts of a jigsaw puzzle together to see the whole of the pattern.In this way, you don't have to memorize many fragments, but you can see an overall "pattern" of the content of the chapter.

Immediate review is easy.You can start after you have learned the chapter content one paragraph at a time.Cover up the first page of this chapter with a piece of paper, but leave a section for notes outside the margins.Recite aloud the ideas, facts, and details presented on that page in the text, in your own words, using off-line notes or separate notes as revelations.Then, remove the paper to find errors and omissions.If you go through every page of this chapter in this way, you will feel that you understand the order of the ideas presented in the chapter and its flow, and you will memorize them!

Timely review is to consolidate the results of classroom learning and deepen memory.Therefore, do not leave too long between the review and the previous class, and forget all about it and review later. This kind of review is equal to new learning.Generally speaking, it is best to arrange the review time in half a day, one day, three days, seven days, and half a month after the first study, and do it in batches.At the same time, we must pay attention to reasonable arrangements, that is, we must organize review and allocate time reasonably, and do not concentrate on review at one time. Doing so will cause fatigue and will not achieve good review results.At the beginning of the review, the number of times should be as many as possible, the time interval should be shorter, and the content can be less. Later, the number of times should be gradually reduced, the time should be extended, and the scope of review should be expanded.

After-class review can be divided into four steps: try to recall, delve into textbooks, organize notes, and read reference books.

Step one: try to recall.

It is the process of recalling what the teacher said independently without reading the book.This is to test yourself and force yourself to concentrate on using your brain.This method is called "passing the film method".This has four advantages:
One is to check the effect of listening to lectures every day.If you can recall all or most of the content, it proves that your preview and class are rewarding and the effect is good, thus enhancing your confidence in previewing carefully and concentrating on class.If it is the opposite, you should find out the reason in time and improve the preview and listening methods.When recalling, you can compare books while recalling, or you can recall first and then read books.In order to concentrate on the memory, you can also write the main content of the memory on the draft paper.

Second, it can improve your memory ability.Because trying to recall is a proactive activity, which has two characteristics of concentration and brains.The knowledge learned will be consolidated and strengthened once it is recalled.

The third is to increase the enthusiasm for reading and organizing notes.Every time I try to recall, there must be some content that I can’t remember, so I will naturally read the book and flip through the notes in a hurry.This improves the consciousness of reading and organizing notes, and actively focuses on the forgotten parts, so that reading and organizing notes have a clear purpose.

The fourth is to cultivate the habit of using your brains.Reading directly after class is of course easier than trying to recall, but it has to be deeply impressed, and the effect is often not good. Trying to recall requires tracing the process of thinking and summarizing the main content of the class. Recalling the clues is very brain-intensive. A classmate who often recalls not only greatly improves his memory, but also develops a good habit of using his brain.

Step Two: Drill into the textbook.

After trying to recall, you should study the textbook sentence by sentence from the beginning to the end, because the textbook contains the most basic concepts and basic knowledge that need to be remembered, and you must think carefully.For the part that has been understood and memorized, don't spend a lot of time.Spend time on the parts that you can't remember or don't remember clearly and have a vague impression when recalling.

When studying the textbooks, you can use colored pens to outline the important parts, new concepts and parts that are easily overlooked in the book. In the blank space around the book, you can write down some of your own brief experience, or the language that highly summarizes the content of the text, so that , It is good for memory, because you can write down some suggestive phrases, so that you can quickly get inspiration from these annotations when you look up again, and recall the key content of the book.

Step [-]: Organize your notes.

The notebook should not just be a record book for class, but should be turned into a refined review material suitable for your own use.

The methods and procedures for organizing and processing class notes are as follows:
① memory. "Strike while the iron is hot", seize the time after class, compare books, notes, and recall relevant information in time.This is an important prerequisite for organizing notes, providing "adjustability" for notes.

② make up.Notes made in class, because they have to follow the speed of the teacher's lectures, the general lecture speed is faster than the recording speed.As a result, there will be gaps, jumps, simplicity, and even symbols in place of words in the notes.On the basis of memory, make repairs in time to make the notes have "integrity".

③Change.Go through your notes carefully and make corrections for typos, wrong sentences, and other inaccuracies.Among them, special attention should be paid to the modification of the content related to the answer to the after-class exercises and the purpose of teaching (learning), so that the notes have "accuracy".

④ edit.Use a unified serial number to arrange the content of the notes in an outline and logical manner, indicate the number, sort out the order of the notes, and make the notes "organized".

⑤ points.Classify the content of notes by text (preferably with a red pen) or symbols, codes, etc.For example, which ones are words and phrases, which ones are writers and works, which ones are work (text) analysis, which ones are question questioning and discussion, and which ones are answering exercises after class, etc.Be prepared for categorical excerpts to make notes "systematic".

⑥ houses.Omit irrelevant note content to make notes "concise".

⑦ note.Categorize and transcribe organized notes.The same kind of knowledge is copied in the same book, or in the same part of the book, and can also be copied by card classification.In this way, it will be convenient to use for review in the future, take what you need, the outline is clear, fast and easy to use, making the notes "informative".

Step [-]: Read reference books.

When reviewing after class, you should also take a look at the reference books.First of all, you must choose a good reference book.Under the introduction of the teacher, one main reference book can be selected for each course, and the others can be used as general reference books.Secondly, you must first read the textbook, and then read the reference book after you have a basic understanding of the knowledge.Third, read reference books around the central issue.The content taught by the teacher that day, or the questions you find yourself, can be used as the main content of the reference books. First, read the relevant parts of the main reference books. As for the corresponding parts of other reference books, they are similar. It's quick and doesn't take up a lot of time.Finally, take good notes, and extract the wonderful parts and topics in the reference book into the corresponding part of the notebook.

Four-round review method for top students.

The world-renowned physicist Albert Einstein had a famous formula for success:

W=X+Y+Z.

where W stands for success.X on the right side of the equation stands for diligence, Z stands for cherishing time, and Y stands for correct method.Perhaps for students, hard work and cherishing time are not a problem, but not everyone has mastered the correct and efficient methods.Everyone has different review methods, and of course different review methods are suitable for different people. Top students often use a simple and efficient review method, the four-round review method.This review method is especially suitable for review before the exam.

"Four rounds of review method" is a scientific learning method, which tells people a universal formula: goal + plan + action = success, allowing students to continuously improve their abilities according to the general laws of human memory and the structure of human activities.

The "four rounds of review method" has three characteristics.

First, the "four rounds of review method" emphasizes the systematicness and integrity of knowledge, requiring you to build a knowledge network, instead of aiming at memorizing specific questions like the traditional review method.This method allows you to memorize relevant knowledge points in the knowledge network, find knowledge according to clues during the exam, and clarify the connections between knowledge points, providing conditions for you to solve questions, especially multiple-choice questions.

Second, the "four rounds of review method" enables people to gradually deepen their understanding and memory of knowledge through four rounds as a whole, so as to master the knowledge comprehensively and systematically.However, the "gradual" review method of the traditional review method from front to back can easily lead to anticlimax and forgetting while reviewing. The "four rounds of review method" is changed from the "progressive" method to the "progressive" method of reviewing in layers. The goal of each round is clear, so that your review impression will be gradually deepened, and finally you will fully master the knowledge.

Third, the "four rounds of review method" is combined with the four rounds of review schedule, timing, quantification, and setting questions to achieve the review goal within a time limit.You know what and how much you learn every day, and you avoid blindness and confusion.

Use the "four rounds of review method" to review homework, but also grasp the essentials to review.

Before reviewing, you must follow the teacher closely, memorize all the content that needs to be memorized in each subject, no matter how much you can remember, you must memorize it.

Every round has to be focused.The first round of comprehensive reading materials, checking for omissions and filling in vacancies, and on this basis, sorting out and summarizing various knowledge to make it systematized.The second round focuses on solving the key and difficult points in the textbooks, as well as the difficulties in personal learning.The third round focuses on problem-solving training. In addition to doing some mock test questions to warm up before the test, you also need to conduct individual training for your weak links in question types.The fourth round focuses on the memory of knowledge, in order to keep "fresh in memory" during the exam.The time can be adjusted according to one's own potential, and the 15 days of the fourth round should be guaranteed as strictly as possible.

"Four rounds of review method" review skills.

One is that each subject must be reviewed quantitatively within a time limit in each round, and the content of each subject can be divided into parts, and each part is time-limited and completed in stages;
The second is for subjects with a large amount of memory, spend less time in the first part of each round, and spend more time in the latter part, and the arrangement of subjects with a small amount of memory is the opposite;

The third is to review each subject alternately to improve review efficiency.The daily review time can be divided into four sections: before breakfast, before lunch, after lunch and after dinner, review a subject in each period, which can avoid rigid alternation and greatly reduce the mutual interference between the two homework, that is, psychological The so-called proactive interference and retroactive interference in science.

Fourth, foreign language review is 60 minutes to 120 minutes a day. It is best to arrange half of the time after getting up in the morning or before going to bed at night, or in the morning and in the evening.

Top students' stage review and systematic summary method.

What is stage review?Divided from time, such as weekly review, mid-term review, end-of-term review, graduation review, entrance review, etc., divided from knowledge, such as chapter review, unit review, general review, etc., can be called stage system review.

Stage system review tasks.

Strengthen memory, so that the results of learning are firmly stored in the brain for easy access at any time.Expert experiments have found that only 44% of the materials just memorized can be retained after one hour, and only 25% are left after two days. It can be seen that all people will have a fast and then slow forgetting process.

Some scholars believe that after learning, a certain neural connection is formed in the brain. If this connection is not strengthened through repeated and effective stimulation, it will gradually fade away, manifested as a phenomenon of forgetting.The use of various methods for review is precisely to strengthen and perfect this nervous system.

It is true that the knowledge that is understood is easy to remember, but the knowledge that is understood must be reviewed to truly remember it.Top students not only pay attention to understanding, but also to review.They review every day, summarize every week, and summarize every chapter. They review from different angles and levels many times, thus producing a good memory effect.

Check for leaks and make up for vacancies to ensure the integrity of knowledge.There are many factors that affect learning. In a long learning process, it is difficult to ensure that various factors are in the best condition. Therefore, loopholes and deficiencies will inevitably appear. The integrity and systematicness of learning knowledge.For top students who pay close attention to review, the loopholes and deficiencies in their studies can be corrected in time, so their knowledge is always relatively complete.

Integrate knowledge and systematize knowledge.Wisdom is nothing but an organized body of knowledge.The "organized knowledge system" mentioned here refers to systematic knowledge.It can be said that the formation of systematic knowledge is the central task of systematic review.

Through the usual study of subjects, chapters, and sections, it can be said that the task of understanding various basic concepts and basic knowledge has been basically completed.Through review, comprehensive review, checking for omissions and filling in gaps, the integrity of knowledge is guaranteed, but at this time your understanding of things has not been completed, and the central task of review has not been completed. Why?Because the knowledge in the mind is still "semi-finished" at this time, it is necessary to adopt thinking methods such as analysis and synthesis, comparison and classification, abstraction and generalization, induction and deduction, etc., to "assemble" the various parts of knowledge learned for a long time, integrate them, understand them thoroughly, and make them form systematic knowledge.At this time, it can be said that all the tasks of the learning process have been completed.

Preparation for stage system review.

Stage review must pay attention to the "three preparations", that is, subject preparation, time preparation and material preparation.

①Theme preparation.Before reviewing, it is necessary to clarify the central content of this review, and the review should be carried out around this central content.If the central content is not clear, picking up the textbook and going through it from the beginning to the end cannot be called a review, it can only be regarded as a kind of repetition, and at most it can play a familiar role.

② time to prepare.Since stage review requires watching, thinking, checking information, and writing review notes, the amount of review is relatively large, so the review content and review time must be relatively concentrated, and two methods can be adopted: active allocation and passive arrangement.

The active allocation of time is to arrange a number of days according to the content of the review, review part of the content every day or every one or two days, and review all the content after a few days.

The passive arrangement of time, that is, the review time is limited and cannot be arranged arbitrarily. It is necessary to calculate how much time is spent from the review to the exam, and how much content needs to be reviewed.If the time is not enough, you should adjust the review content according to the time permit, omit the familiar content, and ensure the key subjects.

In this way, although there is not much time left after completing the learning tasks every day, due to the proper time arrangement, the situation of being in a hurry can be avoided.

③ Material preparation.After the central content of the review is determined, all textbooks, notes, homework, test papers and reference books related to the central content should be prepared as fully as possible. When reviewing, concentrate on thinking, and the materials are readily available when needed.

Stage review program.

The first step: first recall and then read.

Like the after-class review, when the stage review is in progress, do not read the book first, and think and recall independently as much as possible.When encountering difficulties or content that you don’t understand, don’t be too busy flipping through the book. Think about it for yourself first, and only read the textbook if you can’t remember it.Doing so is forcing yourself to use your brain, which helps to strengthen memory and improve learning efficiency.

The second step: read the questions first and then do the questions.

During the stage review, it is necessary to review the exercises that have been done in the past.However, it is not to do it again without landing a question, and it is not necessary to do a question without doing it.Reading the questions is to read the exercises in the book, the daily homework, and the test papers of the stage test from beginning to end.When looking at the questions, just look at the questions and clarify the thinking of solving the questions. If you can do it, you can compare it with the original method. If you can’t do it, then look at how you solved it before. , and then do it again.

In addition to looking at the questions, it is necessary to choose some exercises to do, especially some comprehensive exercises.Because the exercises that I usually study and do are all for practicing the content of the lectures at that time, and they are all individual.The comprehensive exercises can only be answered by using all the knowledge of this chapter or this system. Therefore, doing some comprehensive exercises is a necessary method for consolidating knowledge and proficiently using knowledge in stage review.Systematize and complete knowledge by doing comprehensive questions.

Step [-]: Review first and then take notes.

(End of this chapter)