Great Han Empire

Chapter 414
Crimes of Mongolian invaders
First of all, I would like to point out that there is no official history to prove that Mongolia practiced a political system in China, but Mongolia did have this system in Europe.

In the field of our village (a small village in northern Henan), sometimes some bricks of good quality are dug up. Whenever this happens, the old people are always very frightened and throw them out. "Brick tomb" means a tomb made of bricks. I asked a history teacher in junior high school - this teacher also loves to study folk history.The teacher said that the history books clearly stated that during the Mongol Yuan rule, the Mongols divided all Chinese into four classes (in fact, they were third classes, and the Mongols did not regard themselves as Chinese at that time). The northern part of the country is a third-class citizen—that is, the "Han people" mentioned in the history books, which is what the history books say.The following story is not in the history books. How did the Mongols rule the Han people? In addition to building the necessary military forces and repressive tools (prisons), at the most basic level, each village sent a Mongolian family to rule the entire Han people in the village. Han girls If you want to get married, you have to sleep with this Mongolian man for three days. In a polite language, this girl’s virginity right belongs to the Mongolians; when the Han old man reaches the age of 60, he must be sent to a grave in the wild Waiting to die here, this tomb is what the old people call a "brick-beating tomb".From this point of view, the Mongol and Yuan Dynasties were the most humiliating and darkest period for Chinese people, not the "incomparably powerful and powerful in Asia and Europe" as some shameless "patriotic" history experts boasted!
In order to prevent the Han people from rebelling, every five Han people can only have one kitchen knife, and this kitchen knife is placed in the Mongolian family. The man is called "Lao Zao Ye" and the woman is "Lao Zao Nai". They also drew pictures and posted them in the kitchen. God said good things", and on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, every household will send delicious food to the Mongolians' homes, which is called "sacrifice stove".If you have the opportunity to go to the countryside and see the images of "Lao Zao Ye" and "Lao Zao Nai", you will find that the characters in the pictures are all dressed in Mongolian costumes.

Besides, because of the humiliation, the Han people at that time threw their first child to death after they got married. of purity.

Last year, our village renewed the family tree. I looked at the family tree of our village with great interest. To my surprise, the family tree came to the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. My grandfather said that all the Xus in our village were in the early Ming Dynasty. The descendants of a family who moved from Dengzhou (now Penglai) in Shandong in [-], I went to the history teacher again, and he said that this has something to do with the previous history.

At the end of the Mongol and Yuan Dynasties, the Han people finally couldn't stand it anymore. "The hatred of killing their fathers and taking their wives" was taken over by the Mongols, so the Han people hated the Mongols. When the Red Scarf Army revolted, they arrived in Henan in advance. The members of the Red Turban Army secretly went to each village to make propaganda, and were scheduled to rebel against the Red Turban Army on the Mid-Autumn Festival of that year, so every village circulated the secret saying "kill the Tatars on August [-]th".On the [-]th day of the eighth month, the real action was taken. The Mongolian family was killed, and even the newborns fell to the ground alive—the cruelty was no less than that of the Mongolian army!It is a pity that the Red Turban Army failed to reach Henan on time, and the Mongolian army entrenched in the county seat and reinforcements carried out a frenzied massacre of the villages that participated in the rebellion. "Twelve out of ten of the remaining ones"!
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, in order to restore the economy of the Central Plains, Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to relocate people from non-war-torn areas to Henan. The most important thing was to migrate from Shanxi and Shaanxi to Henan. At that time, there were no banks, let alone deposits. The most important property is the house and land. Asking them to leave is like announcing that someone will be deprived of all their property. No one wants to leave.So the government tied the people who needed to be relocated with ropes and stringed them up. It was convenient. People turned to the management in charge of the escort and shouted "untie my hands", and then directly shouted "relax", so they invented A new term - "jieshou", you can't see this word in books before the Ming Dynasty.People dragged their families along and passed by a necessary intersection in Shanxi. There was a big pagoda tree at this crossing, so the older ones told the younger ones, "Remember this big pagoda tree, you will be home soon when you come back here! "The legend of the big locust tree comes from this.

The Bestiality of the Manchu Invaders
Before entering the customs, Nurhachi boasted that he gave preferential treatment to "Nikan", but at the same time implemented ethnic oppression against the Han people. If he resisted a little, he massacred more than 100 million Han people in Liaodong.Since then, the Houjin army has invaded Shandong and Hebei many times.In Jinan alone, there are 13 dead bodies of Han Chinese left behind!When the Hou Jin army retreated, they also carried the looted Han women on horseback, put heavy makeup on them, and played and sang all the way!
After the Qing army entered the customs, the Ming regime had already been overthrown by Li Zicheng, and the Nanjing court was soon overthrown.But the Qing army still did not change its cruel nature, burning and killing all the way: from Yangzhou Tenth to Jiading Three Massacres, Nanchang, Guangzhou Datong, Datong, Jinhua.From south to north, there are many beasts.Despite the devastation of the Qing Dynasty, these atrocities still left a lot of real records: the Guangzhou Massacre was witnessed by Western missionaries, and the Datong Massacre can even be found in the First Historical Archives.

In Sichuan, the Qing army publicly issued a notice in 1647, declaring that the whole city would be massacred, or the males would be slaughtered and the females would be kept.After the Sichuan people were raped, all the crimes were blamed on Zhang Xianzhong who also killed some people, and he even made up the biggest lie in history that Zhang Xianzhong killed 6 million people!According to the research of historians in recent years, there were no less than 300 million victims in Sichuan, and 4 people were killed by Zhang Xianzhong. Together with other abnormal deaths in the areas under Zhang Xianzhong's control, there were only 3040 million people at most.More importantly, Zhang Xianzhong was dead before the Qing army began the Sichuan Massacre that lasted more than ten years.

After the Qing Dynasty took control of the whole country, in order to block Zheng Chenggong's rebellious army, they issued a ban on the sea and massacred the people along the coast.

Let's look at these massacres from a microscopic perspective:

Jin Shi, the wife of Zhang Qinchen, the governor of the Ming Dynasty, was a weak woman who refused to succumb to the despotic power and was scraped to death with 1000 knives.This incident was recorded by Quan Zuwang, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, who risked his beheading.And there are more than a few women like Jin's?
In Nanchang, the Eight Banners Army distributed the looted women to each battalion and humiliated them day and night ("Each banner divides them up, and those in the same battalion keep fighting day and night").These women "in addition to being killed by Taoism, water, and self-discipline, there are more than 44 people in the camp." These things are recorded in "Jiang Bian Jilue", which is the focus of the Qing Dynasty's ban. It was destroyed by decree in [-] and handed down by manuscripts.Before the Qing army fell into the city, some Han Chinese who came out to surrender also suffered the fate of "the men were killed separately, and the women were kept separately".

According to some local historical records, the Eight Banners Army not only massacred the rebels, but even some small officials who had defected to the Qing Dynasty were not spared. Their wives and mothers were all taken away as slaves, and then sold in the market!

After the Qing army carried out the Datong Massacre, there were only five serious criminals left in the city.The magistrate of Datong sent by the Qing Dynasty wrote to Shunzhi, saying that since there were no sufferers, the five people could be released.This memorial is still preserved in the First Historical Archives!
Italian missionary Wei Kuangguo described the Guangzhou Massacre in this way:

The massacre was carried out from November 11th to December 24th.Regardless of men, women or children, they brutally killed them. They said nothing but: Kill!Kill these rebellious savages.

The Dutch envoy John Nieuhoff also described in his book "The East India Company in the United Provinces Entered the Court of the Great Khan Emperor of China": "After the whole Tatar army entered the city, the whole city suddenly became a mess. Miserable scene, every soldier began to destroy, looting - everything that could be obtained; women, children and old people cried loudly; from November 11th to December 26th, what was heard in the streets everywhere was torture , killing the sound of the rebellious barbarians; the whole city is full of wailing, massacre, and looting".

Wang Minglei, who witnessed the massacre with his own eyes, described the piles of human heads as high as hills and pagodas!Chen Diangui of the Qing army document also admitted: every family swallow nests in the empty forest, (the house swallow fled to the woods) is full of corpses like a mountain. (Mang, wild grass) The dead are headless and their lives are taken into captivity, (the living are all captured, women are the main ones) There are heads and headless teams. (Women will still be humiliated and forced to death in the end) Blood and scorched earth cover up their confidantes, (confident women, women) orphans are still pregnant with their mothers.

Guangzhou Local Chronicles Compilation Committee "Guangzhou Chronicles and Religious Chronicles" records: "In the seventh year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1650), the Qing army attacked Guangzhou and killed 70 people. In the eastern suburb of Wulonggang, the monk Zhenxiu hired people to clean up the corpses. And bury it, bury the remaining ashes', and erect a stele for the burial." Westerner Wakefield wrote: "The body was burned outside the east gate for several days.. Until the 19th century, a pile of ashes that had accumulated into lumps could still be seen."

Yangzhou ten days, Jiading three massacres, Suzhou massacres, Nanchang massacres, Ganzhou massacres, Jiangyin massacres, Kunshan massacres, Jiaxing massacres, Haining massacres, Jinan massacres, Jinhua massacres, Xiamen massacres, Chaozhou massacres The butchers of Yuanjiang, Zhoushan, Xiangtan, Nanxiong, Jingxian, Datong, Fenzhou, Taigu, Bizhou, Zezhou, etc.

These tragic massacres have basically the same pattern:
According to the massacre order issued by the leader of the Qing army, the brutal collective killing was carried out.And the slaughtered heads were piled up into "Beijing View" as proof of meritorious deeds and rewards!

According to old Manchu documents, even Shunzhi himself was a participant in this massacre.The Han women who were plundered in the massacre were sent to the dragon bed of this "young emperor"!

According to the order of the traitor Hong Chengchou, a large number of anti-Qing intellectuals in the south of the Yangtze River were killed, and their wives and daughters were dedicated to the soldiers of the Eight Banners.

According to local historical data in Shandong, even during the Pingding Sanfan period, the Eight Banners Army who passed through Shandong often committed violence against Han women in the entire village.

300 years have passed in history, and there should be no more hatred between nations.But forgetting history is tantamount to betrayal.Concealing history means committing a crime!

"Strange Tales from a Liaozhai Studio Zhang's Wife" records:
(When the Manchu Qing Dynasty settled down three times) Wherever soldiers came, they would do more damage than thieves, because thieves would have to kill them if they got them, but soldiers would not dare to do so.It is less different than a thief, and it dare not be less than a murderer.At the age of Jiayin, the San Francisco rebelled, and the men who went to the south raised Magon County, the chickens and dogs were all empty, and the women were all bullied.When it rained badly, the water in the fields became a lake, and the people had nothing to hide, so they went into the sorghum bushes by taking advantage of the trees.

After the Manchurians entered the customs, in addition to wanton massacres, the mass rape of women was the most common atrocity wherever they passed. Local women were mutilated regardless of whether they were resisting areas or surrendering areas.The Manchu Qing Dynasty had established a firm rule in Yanzhou area as early as 20 years ago, and the Manchurian army stationed there still committed such atrocities.This is not only the brutality of the conquerors, but also a backward custom of the nomads.

Even now, some ethnic minorities still have the custom of forced sex between men and girls. This is allowed by the local people (even the victims) and will not be condemned or interfered by the local society. The criminal law in these areas does not Do not interfere.But what if they bring this custom into other ethnic areas, especially by using large-scale violence to force other ethnic groups to submit?Does this go beyond the scope of discussion on ethnic equality?

Reply from wkw book friend:
Many of these are correct. For example, in the Qing Dynasty, after the Dorgon era implemented the policy of retaining hair, Manchu and Han confronted each other seriously. Many people died, and then it was abolished. It was implemented again in the second year of Shunzhi. It can be said that this policy will be Manchurian. The unification of China was postponed for 2 years.

For example, the reason for the Three Massacres in Jiading was to keep their hair. At that time, if people kept their hair, they would be killed by anti-Qing righteous soldiers, and if they didn’t keep their hair, they would be killed by the Man Qing. It was very miserable.In fact, there is a phenomenon that is also very thought-provoking. The initiation and implementation of the Jiading Three Massacres were all done by the troops who surrendered in the Ming Dynasty. The third massacre, the ridiculous thing is that after the massacre, these surrendered troops also rebelled against the Qing Dynasty soon after, and the psychological process in it is really hard to figure out.

The troops of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty were only 8. They swept across China in such a short period of time. The Han army who surrendered really "indispensible". In all kinds of massacres, they were the vanguard. On the Hundred Schools Forum, the scholar analyzed that it was precisely because their betrayal and those who continued to resist the Qing Dynasty were in a life-and-death battle that the attack was more ruthless.

And some of the posts are the so-called gossip, which is not enough to prove it, and even Liaozhai has quoted it.In terms of regions, Sichuan was the heaviest in terms of massacres, and in terms of cities, Hangzhou was the most, with about 20 people.After the rule of Dorgon and Shunzhi, the contradiction between Manchu and Han began to ease in the Kangxi Dynasty, and the country began to enter a period of great development. In the Qianlong Dynasty, the population of the country grew from 1 million to 3 million. This speed is unique in Chinese history. of.

The massacre in the Yuan Dynasty originated from the concept of fourth-class people, and the hardest hit was in southern China. There are relatively few historical materials left, but many examples in the post are really not convincing. I read it for a long time and almost all are rural legends .

In fact, massacres are inevitable when all dynasties change. Even modern armies are still massacring, not to mention the lack of restrictive armies in ancient times.For example, the Song Dynasty is almost the dynasty that has experienced the fewest wars in all Chinese dynasties. How many people know about his massacre?
When the Northern Song Dynasty attacked the Southern Tang Dynasty, the people of the Southern Tang Dynasty also suffered a lot.People in Changzhou, Runzhou and other places have experienced the disaster of being trapped in an isolated city.The people of Jinling were under siege for nearly a year.When the Song army attacked the city, "arrows and stones rained down from all sides, and many soldiers and civilians were injured and killed." Due to the long-term siege, "the city is full of rice, and the dead live together", and more poor people died of hunger.On the day when the city was broken, although both Zhao Kuangyin and Cao Bin strictly ordered the soldiers not to kill indiscriminately, they failed to stop the killing.Lu You wrote in "Book of the Southern Tang Dynasty", "Since the master of the king entered Jiankang, the gate of the empress's palace could not enter." Except for the specially protected Li Yu Palace, the whole city of Jinling, whether it is the Pengmen of the common people or the palace of officials, The Zhumen, the Song army and the Wuyue army all broke in, looting wantonly and killing them.Qian, a scholar of the Qinzheng Palace in the Southern Tang Dynasty, was killed by his family before he led his family to flee.The rebels also set fire to the Shengyuan Temple Pavilion built in the Liang Dynasty, which was more than ten feet high. Thousands of men and women hiding in the pavilion died amidst the screams of the sky.

After Li Yu surrendered to the Song Dynasty, the Jiangzhou defenders still did not surrender.After being besieged for several months, the Song army invaded Jiangzhou and killed all the men, women, old and children in the city.It is said that Zhao Kuangyin had decreed to pardon the local soldiers and civilians, but unfortunately, the day before his decree arrived, the Song army had slaughtered the city.

In addition, Li Yu's recalcitrance also caused catastrophe to the precious cultural heritage.During the Eastern Wu, Eastern Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties all established their capitals in Jinling. There are countless ancient cultural relics and ancient buildings of the Six Dynasties inside and outside the city.By the day the city was destroyed, I do not know how many cultural heritages left by the predecessors were reduced to ashes in the flames of war.Li Yu has a collection of more than [-] pieces of calligraphy and painting, many of which are the works of Zhong Yao, a great calligrapher of the Three Kingdoms period, and Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher of the Jin Dynasty.Before the city was broken, Li Yu ordered the palace concubines who kept these treasures: "This is my treasure. If the city is not guarded, it will be burned and it will not be scattered."When the city was broken, Li Yu did not go to Huo * as he threatened, but these priceless treasures were wiped out forever.

Personally, I think that when the Mongols and Manchus entered the Central Plains, they could be defined as aggression in the hearts of the Han people at that time. Similarly, the Northern Song Dynasty attacked the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Qin destroyed the six kingdoms. cost.

But when we future generations look back on history, we can't see things so one-sidedly.To put it bluntly, the author of this article has ulterior motives. The historical credibility of the article is not so good, and the word "crime" is used. Is it not deep enough? Patriotism should not be narrow, and narrow national ideas are even more fatal.

Qidian Chinese Network

(End of this chapter)