Great Han Empire
Chapter 1002 Troubled Times Heroic Chapter Changhe Sunset
Chapter 1002 Chapter [-]
Xi Xi and Zhao Song immediately understood what Li Wei meant.The Prime Minister already knew what happened in Taixue yesterday, and he immediately made a tempting proposal that he couldn't refuse, but this Prime Minister would not be so generous. In a consistent style, his purpose of consolidating the position of Xinjing is not only to get rid of the vortex of restructuring, but may also have a greater purpose.
Xi Xi and Zhao Song were uneasy, worried that their teacher Zheng Xuan would be used by Li Wei.The teacher is over 70 years old and can't stand the toss of strong winds and waves. Li Wei followed the general to conquer the West Sea at the age of weak crown, and has been in the officialdom for a long time. The world is shaking, every word this person utters has a deep meaning, and you must not agree lightly, so as to harm the teacher and the new scriptures.
Li Wei smiled slightly, not paying attention to the caution and worry of the two of them.
"Yesterday, it was Gao Tanglong who challenged Master." Li Wei said slowly, "Who is Gao Tanglong? He is from Pingyang, Taishan. There have been people who have served as Doctors of Taixue in the past dynasties, and they belong to the Qingzhou family. Who is Gao Tanglong's teacher? Kong Rong."
"Gao Tanglong once served as the postal supervisor in Xue Ti's mansion, the prefect of Taishan County. Once there was a dispute between Xue Ti and the captain. Saved. After Kong Rong was punished for his treason, he was implicated and dismissed and returned home."
"After Gao Tanglong's attack, there were many responders, and Cui Yan, Zhao Shang, Gongsun Fang, Wang Ji, and two adults from the New Classic School..." Li Wei pointed to Xi Ji and Zhao Song, "You are all masters. Gaozu, immediately stand up and refute it vigorously. Then, I want to ask, who is your opponent?"
Xi Xi and Zhao Song were thoughtful.
"If my information is correct, the first ones to respond to Gao Tanglong are Wang Lang, Hua Xin, Song Zhong, Ying Rong, Wang Kai, and Dong Fang." Seeing that the two of them were silent, Li Wei had no choice but to continue, " Wang Lang is from Donghai, Xuzhou. He is famous for his "Tongjing". He is as famous as Sima Decao, Mr. Shui Jing, and is famous for studying "Taixuan". ("Taixuan" was written by Yang Xiong, a great Confucian in this dynasty. Rong is from Chen Guo, Yuzhou, and he studied under Yang Ci. The teachers of Dong Zhao and Dong Fang were also Yang Ci, and the last time the two were able to escape the implication of Zhang Miao and Kong Rong's conspiracy had a lot to do with Yang Biao's protection. .Wang Kai is from Shanyang, Yanzhou, and he was born in a family. His ancestor is the great Confucian Wang Chang, his father is Wang Qian (who once served as the long history of the great general He Jin), and his teacher is Yang Biao."
After Li Wei finished speaking, he looked at Xi Xi and Zhao Song with a smile.The two of them were secretly horrified and chilled.Li Wei's purpose was exposed, he was going to deal with Yang Biao, and he was going to attack the Guanluo scholars headed by Yang Biao.
"Do you think I'm going to deal with Master Taifu?" Li Wei seemed to have seen through their thoughts, and twirled his beard and smiled.
The two were stunned.Is not it?
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"The New Classics is a fusion of modern and ancient Chinese classics, and it is a culmination of modern and ancient Chinese classics. Because it is a fusion, it is necessary to take into account the advantages of the two types of classics, and at the same time take care of the shortcomings of the two types of classics. This will inevitably be criticized. .”
Li Wei hesitated for a while, but said nothing later.He has a special status and his speech is heavy, so he cannot comment on Confucian classics at will, so as not to cause adverse effects.
Xi Xi and Zhao Song really wanted to know Li Wei's views on the New Classics, and this view was likely to be directly related to the revision of the imperial court's national policy and the status of the New Classics, so they looked at each other and pointed to the door of the study in unanimous agreement. .Zhao Song was the first to say: "My lord, we will talk behind closed doors today, we will count what we say, forget it when we go out, and never spread it."
Li Wei smiled, thought for a moment, and continued: "There is an inevitable reason why the New Classics can become an official school, not just because of the needs of the court."
Over the past 200 years, the continuous development of ancient texts and classics has played a great role in promoting the breaking of the family law and the integration of modern texts and ancient texts.
The study of ancient Chinese classics is basically taught among the people. Because there are few students, learners have to seek teachers from a wide range of people.Jia Kui's father, Jia Hui, once studied from Liu Xin, Xu Yun, Xie Manqing and other great Confucians. Ban Gu and Ma Rong were also "teachers of impermanence".Extensive seeking of teachers and the ability to read the writings of various schools enable these great Confucianists to absorb the essence of various schools and schools without having to stick to the theory of one teacher.
Many great Confucians who study ancient Chinese classics are not tempted by fame and fortune, but aim to learn eruditely, so most of them are not bound by the study of chapters and sentences. For example, Huan Tan, Ban Gu, Han Rong, Lu Zhi and others are good at studying ancient and modern studies. Fine but not disciplined.
During the Xiaohuan and Xiaoling emperors' dynasties, eunuchs and foreign relatives took turns to control power, which eventually led to the disaster of party imprisonment.In the case of the decline of royal power, Jinwen Confucianism played little role in state affairs, and a considerable number of Confucian scholars immediately turned to purely academic Confucianism research, while ancient Chinese Confucianism did not have a strict teacher-teacher transmission system, which was just suitable for this kind of pure academic research.Decades of the scourge of the party, although it has discouraged scholars from participating in politics, has created a large number of Confucianists, and Master Zheng Xuan is one of the best.
The contribution of ancient texts to Confucian classics in theory is very great. The important reason is that ancient texts and classics scholars all focus on research and learning, and are not bound by the laws of teachers and families.Since there are no teacher’s theory and chapters, of course there is no teacher’s law and family law at all. This immediately became a crucial reason for Jinwen Confucian scholars who flaunt their teacher’s legalism and family law to resist ancient Chinese classics. Therefore, ancient Chinese classics must strive for the status of official school If Confucian scholars of ancient Chinese classics want to enter the court, they must break the old rules of sticking to the law of the teacher and the family.
Under the strong challenge of ancient texts and classics, in order to resist their opponents together, the various sects of modern classics had to dismantle the internal sectarian barriers and learn from each other. In addition, they were also influenced by the style of study of ancient texts, and their internal imitation and family law also began to weaken gradually.The great Confucian Zhang Xuan studied "Yan's Spring and Autumn Annals", but he was also a mathematician, so he lost his doctorate. However, Confucian scholars believed that he was highly knowledgeable and were willing to learn from him, and he had thousands of disciples.This method of confusing family law was gradually welcomed by Confucian scholars, and even prevailed in Taixue.
Although the orthodox school in Jinwen Confucianism is still trying to maintain the authoritative position of the study of the law of the family and its chapters and sentences, under the situation of more learning channels, frequent academic exchanges and debates, and the advantages and disadvantages of each theory are becoming more and more obvious. However, the practice of still requiring Confucian scholars to respect the teaching of one teacher and abide by the teachings of one family is becoming more and more unworkable.
When being filial to the emperor, it was stipulated that all students must try the family law to promote filial piety, but since then, among the Confucian scholars who regard the classics as filial piety, there are many people who do not stick to the family law but are erudite, such as Fu Qianxian, who was a student of the imperial court. , and later studied "Zuo Zhuan" intensively, and was promoted as Xiaolian, which shows that the provisions of "Testing Family Law" were not strictly implemented.Master Lu Zhi mastered ancient and modern studies, did not abide by the rules, and was actually appointed as a doctor; Master Zheng Xuan was a erudite who did not specialize in the theory of teachers, and was also enlisted as a doctor. Doctor's family law also began to waver.
Since Emperor Guangwu, most of the Confucian scholars in this dynasty have studied the knowledge of more than two classics, and after the rise of the study of ancient Chinese classics, it has become a fashion for a while to study both modern and ancient Chinese classics. Knowing the Five Classics, there are still many people who are both modern and ancient Chinese, and also master prophecy and numerology, such as Cai Yong, Xun Shuang, Yang Biao, Master Zheng Xuan and others.
In addition, the correctness and unity of scripture texts also greatly promoted the development of "Tongxue".In the teaching of Confucian classics, because of the differences in teachers and family methods, as well as the differences between modern and ancient scriptures, the texts of scriptures are very different.The scriptures are not unified, and the scriptures are naturally impossible to unify. Some Confucian scholars even tampered with the texts of the scriptures for profit. Therefore, since the middle and late period of the dynasty, the scriptures have been corrected and unified. In 175 A.D., Emperor Xiaoling issued a decree to order Tangxi Dian, the doctor of the five senses, Yang Ci, the doctor of Guanglu, Ma Rixun, the doctor of advice, Zhang Xun of Yilang, Han Shuo, and Dan Yang of Taishi Ling to Zhengding The text of the Six Classics was written by Cai Yong on the stele, which stood outside the gate of Taixue.
The development of ancient Chinese classics, the decline of modern classics, the weakening of teachers and family methods, and the unification of scriptures and texts prove that the fusion of modern and ancient Chinese classics is inevitable, and it is inevitable that Master Zheng Xuan’s new classics will become official studies. People can regret the status of the New Scriptures.
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When Xi Xi and Zhao Song heard this, they were overjoyed.
Li Wei was the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, a young prime minister. His official career is still very brilliant. For a long time, no one can replace Li Wei. His affirmation of the status of Xinjing is basically It can represent the emperor and the court.With Li Wei's promise, the New Classic will develop rapidly after the world is stabilized, and Master Zheng Xuan's giant status in the New Classic will also be firmly guaranteed.
"However, there are two deficiencies in the New Classic." Li Wei looked at the two ministers who were beaming with joy, and slowly said a frightening sentence.
"The Confucian scholars of the present-day Jinwen Confucianism generally hold on to the rudimentary and stick to it. Although the Confucian scholars of the Ancient Wen Confucianism are much more extensive than the Confucian scholars of the Jinwen Confucianism, they still cannot get rid of the shackles and shackles of the tradition. The most obvious It is the study of the "Yi". The "Yi" of the ancient Chinese classics is rigidly attached to the image, number, divination, fragmented and trivial, and the disgusting aspects are almost the same as the "Yi" of the modern classics."
"When master Zheng Xuan integrated classics, modern and ancient literature and classics, he still did not get rid of this bondage and shackles when he commented on "Yi". It is the reason why a group of famous Confucian scholars such as Wang Lang, Song Zhong, Gao Tanglong and Ying Rong accused him."
"Prophecy and cumbersomeness are the two fatal flaws of the New Classics, especially the prophecy, which has become the common target of Confucian scholars from both schools of modern and ancient literature and classics."
"The Yang family in Kansai is a family of Jinwen Confucianism. When Jinwen Confucianism came to an end, they suddenly jumped out to correct the New Classics with the New Classics, refute the New Classics with the New Classics, and correct the New Classics with the New Classics. We must say that they Their intelligence is very high, and their strategies are very ingenious."
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Master Zheng Xuan paid more attention to the classics of ancient literature. When he commented on the scriptures, he did not follow the teacher's law, the family law, and did not abide by the rules and regulations. However, for hundreds of years, the theory of prophecy has been deeply rooted in the classics, and has influenced Confucian scholars. It can be said to be deeply rooted, so he is no exception. When he integrated modern and ancient literature and classics, he took a reserved attitude towards Chenwei.
The controversy over prophecy and weft has a long history.The Confucian scholars of Confucianism in this dynasty have been fighting fiercely over whether to use Chenwei or oppose Chenwei in governing the scriptures. Therefore, when ancient Chinese classics are becoming integrated, how to deal with Chenwei is an unavoidable problem.
Since Emperor Guangwu, the study of prophecy has been prevalent in this dynasty, and there has been a debate between "using prophecy" and "anti-prophecy".
"Using the prophecy" actually means using prophecy to rule the scriptures, which tends to mysticism, and "against the prophecy" means clearly opposing the use of prophecy to rule the scriptures, which tends to rationalism.
The differences between these two factions are too great. For more than 200 years, all Confucian scholars who "anti-prophecy" have come to a bad end. For example, the great Confucian scholars Wang Chong and Zhang Heng are living examples, so the "anti-prophecy" faction has always withered talents.For those Confucian scholars trying to enter official careers, it is self-evident which method to choose to govern the classics.
Master Zheng Xuan adopted the theory of prophecy in annotating scriptures, which belonged to the school of "use of prophecy", which is understandable, but the problem is that after more than 20 years of war in the Han Dynasty, the theory of prophecy suffered a brutal and bloody blow. Academia that is outdated, incompatible with the times, and not conducive to the rejuvenation of the Han Dynasty.
More than 20 years of war and the death of tens of millions of people told the big man that strength is the power that determines everything. The so-called prophecy that represents the will of the gods is meaningless at all. It can neither save the country nor save innocent lives.
The reason why Jinwen Confucianism came to an end quickly was that it used prophecy to rule the Confucian classics.The old dynasty is gone, and Chenwei, which uses divine will to demonstrate the legitimacy of the Han Dynasty, has lost its support, and Jinwen Confucianism, which is closely attached to the royal power and uses Chenwei to govern the scriptures, cannot survive.
As for the cumbersome issue of the New Classics, it is also related to Chenwei.Master Zheng Xuan introduced prophecy and weft in his commentary, and the theory of mystery and delusion is full of his studies. Of course, it is impossible to get rid of the shadow of cumbersomeness. In addition, when Master Zheng Xuan annotated "Yi", he followed the method of Xiangshu Yixue in this dynasty. , Hexagram changes, and mutual learning are naturally cumbersome.Another reason is that Master Zheng Xuan paid more attention to the study of ancient Chinese classics and was keen on speeches.The exegesis of ancient Chinese classics also has trivial problems. Therefore, in the process of integrating classics, modern and ancient Chinese, Master Zheng Xuan has the problem of anti-complexity, no matter whether he is dealing with modern classics or ancient Chinese classics. Of course, it is difficult for him to solve this problem by himself. .
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Li Wei looked at the two dignified ministers, and his tone gradually became serious.
"For the imperial court, there is only one criterion, the only criterion, for choosing which Confucian classics to be the official study, and that is whether it is conducive to the stability of the country, the rejuvenation of the great man, and the long-term stability of the great man."
"The state affairs practice of the great Han is the sole criterion for determining official studies."
Xi Xi and Zhao Song suddenly realized that Li Wei's words were like enlightenment, making them immediately realize the root of the crisis in Xinjing.
"At the beginning, the imperial court strongly promoted Master Zheng Xuan's New Classics as an official study. It was a forced choice, because at that time, the two schools of classical literature and classics were arguing fiercely. With the implementation of the New Deal, the imperial court chose this new study of Confucian classics that combines the strengths of both modern and ancient literature and classics."
"The study of ancient Chinese classics has always been 'anti-prophecy', such as Wang Chong, Heng Tan, Yin Min, Zhang Heng and other masters, and it is still the case in the generation of Ma Rong and Zhao Qi." Li Wei said, "After the New Classics became an official school, It is a blow to ancient texts. For more than 200 years, generations of ancient texts have been trying to make ancient texts an official school, but in the end it was taken over by the newly emerging new classics. This shows that The loss and resentment in their hearts."
"At this time, Jinwen Confucianism became an ally of Guwen Confucianism. With the development of Jinwen Confucianism to this day, it has lost its position as an official school and cannot continue to exert influence on the government. The "general scholars" of the two schools of scriptures, especially in recent decades, have been able to change their research directions very quickly, and then together with the Confucian scholars of Jinwen Confucianism, raised the "anti-prophecy, anti- The banner of "complexity" is to fight against the new classics, trying to drive the new classics out of the official school, and let the ancient Chinese classics take the position of the official school."
Li Wei tapped the case table lightly, and spoke with a heavier tone, "Think about the Taixue debate yesterday, who finally stood up to attack the New Classics? It was the Ma family in Guanzhong, and it was Ma Feng, the descendant of Master Ma Rong. It's Xu Hun, the son of Master Xu Shao, Xu Hun. These two people stood up to support Wang Lang and Gao Tanglong, doesn't that explain the problem?"
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There was silence in the study.
"The study of prophecy and modern classics is integrated into it without distinguishing each other, and the study of ancient classics is also widely used. Compared with it, the prophecy in the new classics is not serious." Xi Xi said slowly, "Now the Confucian scholars of ancient Chinese classics suddenly proposed , Confucian classics should be based on both modern and ancient Chinese classics, and completely eliminate prophecy, is it too extreme?"
Li Wei shook his head, and said solemnly: "The imperial court has ordered three times to confiscate the books of Chenwei, and the attitude against Chenwei is very clear."
"The Furui calamity theory propagated by Chenwei's theology may not have bad intentions, but the effect is extremely bad. Wang Chong, a great Confucian in this dynasty, commented on Chenwei in "Lunheng". Perhaps the theology of Chenwei was in the period of Guangwu Zhongxing and the reconstruction of the Han Dynasty. It played a positive role, but when the society was restored to stability, the negative impact of this theory far outweighed its positive significance. What it preached could actually only lead to the people's extreme distrust of the emperor, the court and national policies .”
"Master Wang Chong said as early as more than 100 years ago that although the theory of Furui disasters has its cultural background, the imperial court must abandon the divinity theology based on Furui disasters, so as to truly restore pure Confucianism and restore the essence of pure Confucianism. Only then can it benefit the country and benefit the common people.”
"Today, when we look back, the words of Master Wang Chong in "Inquiring Confucius" and "Timeng" are not so much a criticism of the early Confucian tradition represented by Confucius and Mencius, but rather a criticism based on the Confucian scholars’ distorted understanding of the spirit of Confucianism is a cry to restore the true face of Confucianism.”
"The Confucian scholars of ancient texts and classics have been trying to reconstruct Confucian ethics for many years to provide a practical national policy for the great Han to reverse the decline of the country and restrain the harm to the country by treacherous craftsmen. Under the double blow, their wishes came to nothing, and they themselves were persecuted and attacked. This cruel fact stimulated those Confucian scholars who wanted to save the country. Patriotic and loyal to the emperor and make unnecessary sacrifices."
"The result of these Confucian scholars' calm reflection is that they adopt a passive and non-cooperative attitude, either refusing to be an official, engaging in pure Confucianism research, cultivating disciples, or adopting roundabout attacks, which makes the struggle between the government and the opposition more complicated and intense, and the court is helpless. , implemented the policy of imprisonment for those Confucian scholars who resisted endlessly, which is the disaster of the party, and what is the result? The world collapses."
"Let's imagine that if there are no foreign relatives and eunuchs to harm the country, if the country is always stable and the people live and work in peace and contentment, and if the imperial court can work together with Confucian scholars to build a great Han, then, while the study of modern and ancient Chinese classics is developing, Zhang Heng, With the efforts of generations of masters such as Ma Rong, Cai Yong, and Zheng Xuan, it should be possible to give new interpretations to Confucianism, rebuild new Confucian ethics to meet the challenges of various crises, and promote the progress of the Han Dynasty. However, history is history, and it It is impossible to develop according to the good wishes of the people, and the great man is still heading for the abyss of overthrow."
"Today's imperial court must learn the lesson of blood, restore pure Confucianism, and let the Confucian scholars of the Han Dynasty work together to rebuild the Confucian ethics that can promote the prosperity of the Han Dynasty and the long-term stability of the country. It is even more necessary to make the New Classics into a Confucian classics that can be accepted and studied by Confucian scholars all over the world.”
"Collect widely, don't abide by the law of one family and the theory of one teacher, give Confucian scholars of all schools the maximum academic freedom, let Confucianism quickly recover its original origin, and let Confucianism develop rapidly. This is the principle for the future study of New Classics. Li Wei said firmly and forcefully, "This is the court's principle of official studies, and it will not change. Which school of Confucian classics conforms to the court's principles, which school is official school, this view of the court will not change."
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Xi Xi and Zhao Song left the Prime Minister's Mansion with very complicated emotions, and hurried to the Guanyi to meet with their teacher Zheng Xuan and discuss countermeasures.
Prime Minister Li Wei summoned them today, certainly not to appease them, but to set off a violent storm, which can be seen from his last few words.Although he repeatedly said that the imperial court insisted on the New Classics as an official school, the meaning behind it is obvious that if major adjustments are not made to the New Classics, the future will be bleak.
Li Wei said that the court hopes to restore pure Confucianism, so what will he do next?
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Li Wei urgently called Lang Wang Lang and Lang Zhong Xu Hun.
Li Wei first affirmed the "anti-prophecy" and "anti-complexity" propositions insisted by the Confucians of the two schools of modern and ancient literature and classics, and then put forward a suggestion to restore pure Confucianism, and reiterated the principle of the imperial court's choice of official school: the practice of state affairs in the Han Dynasty It is the sole criterion for determining official education.
No matter what kind of Confucian classics, as long as it is conducive to the stability of the country, the rejuvenation of the Han Dynasty, and the long-term stability of the Han Dynasty, it is an official school.
Li Wei's words made Wang Lang and Xu Hun both surprised and happy.This sentence can be understood as that the imperial court was very dissatisfied with the "prophecy" and "complexity" in the New Classics, and intended to redefine official studies, and the first choice was the study of ancient Chinese classics.
The two left the prime minister's mansion in a hurry.
Wang Lang went to visit Yang Biao.Yang Biao immediately understood Li Wei's meaning, he knew what Li Wei's ultimate goal was, but now that Li Wei put forward the "pure Confucianism" point of view, the curtain of the Confucianism debate has been opened, and no one can lose rise.He immediately invited famous Confucian scholars in Jinwen Confucianism in Beijing to discuss countermeasures.
Xu Hun went home and reported to his father Xu Shao.Xu Shao was very excited. The study of ancient Chinese classics has struggled for more than 200 years to restore pure Confucianism, and it has also struggled for more than 200 years to rebuild Confucian ethics. Now it finally has the opportunity.He hurriedly invited Wang Jian, Xu Jing, Cui Yan, Chun Yujia and others to the Taixue Academy to discuss countermeasures.
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Master craftsman Zhao Jian and Taishi Ling Ma Feng rushed to the prime minister's residence one after another.
The Ma family in Guanzhong is a family of ancient literature and classics. Master Ma Rong has an extremely high status. Zheng Xuan, Lu Zhi and others are all his disciples.Master Ma Rong opposed the study of prophecy and cumbersome scripture annotations. Many academic views of contemporary ancient Chinese classics come from Master Ma Rong.
After Li Wei explained the court's attitude towards Confucian classics in detail, he said to Ma Feng that the court firmly supported the integration of modern and ancient classics, which was the main reason why the court chose the new Confucian classics as the official study. Dahan rejuvenates and promotes the progress of the country. The main purpose of "anti-prophecy, anti-complexity" is to promote the integration of modern and ancient literature and classics, better and faster integration, so as to quickly promote the development of Confucianism.
"But Confucianism is developing in that direction. How to ensure that the reconstruction of Confucian ethics is in the interests of the court, the interests of the great Han, and the interests of the common people?"
Li Wei reached out and took out a roll of bamboo slips from the case table, and slowly opened it. It turned out to be Master Zhao Qi's "Mengzi Chapters".
Zhao Jian and Ma Feng suddenly realized.Li Wei made a big circle, in the final analysis, it was for restructuring.
Among the great Confucians who studied and studied Mencius in this dynasty, Yang Xiong wrote Mencius Notes, Cheng Zeng wrote Mencius Chapters, Zhao Qi wrote Mencius Chapters, Zheng Xuan wrote Mencius Notes, Liu Xi He is the author of "Mencius Notes" and "Mencius Chapters" written by Gao You, a disciple of Master Lu Zhi. Among them, the most famous one is "Mencius Chapters" by Master Zhao Qi.
Mr. Zhao Qi's "Mencius Chapters" is the first time that Confucian scholars in this dynasty have systematically organized and interpreted "Mencius" since "Mencius" was written.In Zhao Qi’s view, Mencius is the most important inheritor of the Confucian school founded by Confucius and the greatest representative of Confucianism after Confucius. He not only fully inherited Confucius’ academic thoughts, but also made many creative developments. A key figure born in response to the times.
Of course, the most important academic thoughts of Mencius are not those fatalistic viewpoints criticized by Master Wang Chong in "Cimeng", but the concept of "people-oriented" or "people-oriented" in "Mencius".
Mr. Zhao Qi emphatically mentioned several concepts of "humanism" of Mencius in his annotation "Mencius·King Hui of Liang".
"The way to govern the country should be in the name of benevolence and righteousness, and then make peace with each other, and the monarch and ministers gather together. It is a natural way that righteousness is not easy, so it starts with building a chapter."
"The virtue of a sage king is to share joy with the people. If he is kind to birds and beasts, he will put his heart on it, and the peace will prosper. A king who has no way, if the people are angry, the gods will be angry, the country will be destroyed and the ancestors will be extinct, and he will not be able to keep what he likes."
"The essence of Wang Hua is to enable the people to prepare enough for life and death, and then guide them with etiquette and righteousness. If the trade is rich and poor, then the people will gather."
"The king is the way of government, the life of the people is the first, the government hurts the people, the people enjoy their death, and the strong obeys the strong, benevolence and inhumanity."
Mr. Zhao Qi's emphasis on these concepts of governing the country is undoubtedly based on his deep feelings about the many crises in which the great man fell into. This concept of governing the country is beneficial to the country and the people.
Looking at the core idea of "Mencius", there is no doubt that "the people are more important than the emperor", advocating the "kingly way" and "benevolent government", which is what the current big man urgently needs.
The national policy of this dynasty has always been based on the ethics of Confucianism. Li Wei is now proposing pure Confucianism and rebuilding Confucian ethics. Obviously, it is to implement the New Deal, complete the restructuring, ensure the success of the great Han Dynasty and the long-term stability of the country, and rebuild the direction of Confucian ethics. Undoubtedly it is the "people-oriented" concept of "Mencius".
Li Wei reached out and patted the "Mengzi Zhangju" on the desk, and said solemnly: "I need your help to ensure that the construction of Confucian ethics is in the interests of the big man."
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Grand Sima Xu Rong and Taiwei Zhang Yan walked into the prime minister's mansion one after the other.
"Has the general arrived in Hexi?" Li Wei invited the two into the study and asked with a smile.
Zhang Yan looked up at him, "Are you feeling better?"
"Take a rest for a few days if you're too tired." Xu Rong said with concern, "Once you lie down, the court will basically be paralyzed. Don't worry about restructuring, take your time, there will always be a way."
Li Wei smiled gratefully, and shook his hands, "A skinny camel is bigger than a horse. I have such a big bunch, can't it last?"
"Your Majesty and the General have already arrived in Wuwei, and will soon arrive at Yibula Mountain." Zhang Yan said, "The General replied that the counter-insurgency in northern Xinjiang can be delayed until July, which is after the rainy season in the desert. In time, he first asked General Yan Rou to lead the army to the Hetao area to join the Great Chanyu Liu Bao and the Right Wise King Liu Ming, and then Chen Bing in the cloud to threaten Fu Luo Han."
"Where's Your Majesty? Did he go to Yunzhong with General Yan Rou?" Li Wei asked.
"The general said that he planned to take His Majesty around Zhangye and Jiuquan, let him see Yumen Pass and Yang Pass, and let him know where the Western Regions are." Xu Rong said with a smile, "It seems that in the future, the General intends to let Your Majesty I personally led the army to recover the Western Regions and reached Congling."
"What do you fight if you don't have money?" Li Wei said angrily, "He went to the mountains to play with His Majesty, and left us in the capital to suffer. How can there be any brotherhood?"
Xu Rong and Zhang Yan laughed uncontrollably.
Jia Kui and Wen Hui walked in holding the slips and handed them to Xu Rong and Zhang Yan respectively.This volume has just been drafted, and the ink has not yet dried.After reading it, the two were a little puzzled.
"Zhong Yuan, the Taixue is making a fuss, which is not conducive to the discussion and formulation of reform policies." Xu Rong said, "This will not solve the fundamental problem."
"The fundamental problem is the interests, the distribution of interests." Zhang Yan put the bamboo slips on the case table, "The debate on classics and the reconstruction of Confucian ethics will not benefit them."
"Yes, the two adults are right." Li Wei smiled, "But in order to benefit from this debate, the schools of Confucian classics must make strategic adjustments, and try their best to integrate their own governance concepts into national policies as quickly as possible. Go, and benefit from it."
"What now?" Xu Rong rolled up the slip and held it in front of Li Wei, "Now we are waiting for the result of the Confucian classics debate?"
"Yes, the imperial court has principles, and has put forward clear requirements for official studies, classics, and Confucianism ethics. I believe this debate will come to fruition." Li Wei said with certainty, "But in order to save time, the imperial court needs to make a decision. Some gestures."
Zhang Yan laughed, "Okay, listen to you, we will all go to Taixue tomorrow." Then he looked at Xu Rong, "Zhong Yuan invited us, of course not for the purpose of inviting us, look..."
Xu Rong frowned, "Princess Princess came to Taixue in person, safety matters..."
"I promise." Zhang Yan said with a smile, "I am personally responsible for His Highness's safety."
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March 26, Chang'an, Taixue.
Fueled by the imperial court, Taixue set off a massive debate on Confucian classics.
The two schools of modern and ancient Chinese classics first raised the banner of "anti-prophecy and anti-complexity", but the new school of classics did not respond positively. , The internal strife between the two schools of ancient Chinese classics.Ma Feng and Zhao Jian immediately threw out "Mencius Zhangju", and the subject of the Confucian classics debate immediately changed from Confucian ethics to "pure Confucianism".
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On the seventh day of April, the scale of Confucian classics debates became larger and larger, and Confucian scholars from all over the world rushed to Chang'an day and night under the call of teachers, classmates, and friends.
Zhong Yao, the general who conquered the west, also rushed to the court, requesting to return to Beijing to participate in this grand event of Confucian classics.The eldest princess was ready to play, and Zhong Yao took dozens of Yingchuan Confucian scholars and celebrities to Beijing at high speed.
At this moment, the Qilin Palace discussion initiated by the imperial court has been shelved, and most of the ministers in the court and the central government have been involved in this endless discussion of Confucian classics.
Li Wei was a little overwhelmed.
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On April [-]th, Hussar General Xian Yu rushed to the imperial court, and Neng Chendi from Karasuma joined forces with Xiuwu Lu to attack the White Deer King Lu Pofeng.Lu Pofeng asks Xianyufu and Baishan Dashanyu Loulu for help.Xian Yu sent Xian Yu Yin, Kirby Xiong, She Hu, She Ying Tong and others led [-] cavalry into Shanggu County, and Lou Lu also sent troops to help.
Nengchendi and Xiuwulu immediately asked Fuluohan and Shelong for help. The Xianbei people used this as an excuse to lead their troops across the Great Wall and into Shanggu County.Now the two sides are facing each other on the north and south banks of the water control (ie Sanggan River), and are still in the mediation stage for the time being.
Xian Yufu said that if the Northern Expeditionary Army could not reach the desert for a long time, the Great War would probably break out soon, and begged the court to give an accurate answer so that I could decide whether to launch an attack immediately.
Grand Sima Xu Rong urgently appealed to Chen Yufu. The matter of the imperial reorganization has not yet been resolved. It is not suitable for a decisive battle at present. Please try to delay the outbreak of the war and meet some demands of the Xianbei people at an appropriate time.
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On April [-]th, Taifu Yang Biao, imperial historian Xun You, Ting Weiqing Chen Qun, Dahongyu Yuan Yao, Taichang Cheng Yuan Huan, General Zhengxi Zhong Yao, veteran Yang Qi, Liu He, Sima Fang, Zhao Wen and others gathered together to discuss countermeasures.
After more than half a month of debate, the Jinwen School of Confucianism has been hit hard. Now the debate on Confucian classics is mainly the debate between the ancient school of classics and the new school of classics. In fact, it is a debate within the ancient school of classics. This is something that the School of Jinwen Confucianism did not expect at all before the Sutra Discrimination. They did not expect that Jinwen Confucianism would fall to such an extent in just over 20 years.
If it weren't for the fact that many great Confucian scholars of Jinwen Confucianism also studied ancient and modern Confucian classics, it is estimated that there would be no Confucian scholars of the Jinwen Confucian school in Taixue.
In addition to lamenting, we must immediately come up with countermeasures in order to help the disciples and Confucian scholars who are studying Jinwen Confucianism.
Jinwen Confucianism is everyone's livelihood, and now that Jinwen Confucianism has fallen to such an extent, the rice bowl will be ruined.The Confucian classics fights back and forth, in the final analysis, it is a fight for jobs and a fight for survival.
How to survive?Immediately switch to the new scriptures?That also needs to be a process, and it doesn't mean that you can change it just by changing it.Jinwen Confucianism pays attention to teacher's method and family law. For hundreds of years, this concept has been deeply rooted in the hearts of students and disciples. How is it possible for them to suddenly throw away the Jinwen Confucianism that they have studied for decades, or even a lifetime?Without one generation, two generations, or decades, it is difficult for Confucian scholars of Jinwen Confucianism to change their ideas.
In the past, people from northern Xinjiang have been attacking other factions. For example, people from Guanluo had no chance to become officials for a long time, but at that time it was mainly factional disputes.Since the New Classics became an official school, Confucian scholars who studied Jinwen Confucianism were the first to bear the brunt and lost their jobs completely. As a result, many Confucian scholars had to change to study New Classics because of their livelihood, but Confucian scholars who were loyal to Jinwen Confucianism still occupied Most of them, many of them are poor now, even if they are rich and talented, they can only hold the bamboo slips and sigh, unable to express their ambitions.
"We will immediately formulate a selection system to replace the selection system of the imperial court and the township evaluation." Yang Biao said, "In this new system, talent and morality should be the main focus when selecting talents, rather than learning classics. Master. The principle of the new selection system is meritocracy, which is completely in line with the principle of the court's selection of talents. In this way, we can minimize losses and allow Confucian scholars of Jinwen Confucianism to be admitted to official positions as much as possible. Opportunity. The imperial court’s restructuring policy has not yet been finalized, as long as the imperial court agrees to revise the selection system, we will make concessions and agree to a series of restructuring policies formulated by the imperial court.”
Everyone's eyes lit up, and their thoughts suddenly opened.
"The imperial court supports the new scriptures. As long as the new scriptures are vigorously reformed and the prophecies are removed from the scriptures as soon as possible, the school of ancient Chinese classics will still lose, so they must also support the revision of the selection system." Veteran Liu He said happily, "Just, How to change it? Overthrow the prosecution system?"
"There is no need to overthrow, overthrow and remake, the contradiction is even greater, we should try our best to solve the problem of the imperial court's selection of officials and the village's clear discussion, so as to cut off the control and manipulation of the selection by the people of northern Xinjiang and the Confucian scholars of the New Classics." Xun You waved his hand and said, "The selection right One is divided into three, the prime minister's office is responsible for the evaluation of Confucian scholars, the Shangshutai is responsible for supervision and adjustment, the Zhongshujian is responsible for appointing officials according to the status, and the officials in charge of township evaluation in various places are also appointed by the imperial court. The checks and balances will be fully transferred to the imperial court, and the imperial power will be effectively maintained. It will serve multiple purposes.”
"Expand the selection objects, and the opportunities for talent selection should be equal, and talented commoners can also become officials." Zhong Yao said, "If the imperial court and local township evaluations can evaluate all Confucian scholars, we will truly achieve meritocracy, Virtue is the only thing to do, so this policy can completely eliminate the disadvantages of the probation system, which is extremely beneficial to the great Han Zhongxing."
Everyone discussed continuously for a day and a night, and then Chen Qun and Yuan Huan drew up a new selection system and solicited opinions from various parties.
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On April [-], [-] ministers headed by Taifu Yang Biao jointly signed a memorial requesting revision of the selection system, and submitted a memorial to replace the "examination system" with the "nine-rank Zhongzheng system".
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I recommend Futian's new book, "Strategy of Wu Tang", ISBN 174038, I especially recommend it.
A friend's new book "Simple Killing: 1930", please read it when you have time, thank you, I am very grateful.
(To be continued, if you want to know what happens next, please visit www.CMFU.COM, more chapters, support the author, support genuine reading!)
(End of this chapter)
Xi Xi and Zhao Song immediately understood what Li Wei meant.The Prime Minister already knew what happened in Taixue yesterday, and he immediately made a tempting proposal that he couldn't refuse, but this Prime Minister would not be so generous. In a consistent style, his purpose of consolidating the position of Xinjing is not only to get rid of the vortex of restructuring, but may also have a greater purpose.
Xi Xi and Zhao Song were uneasy, worried that their teacher Zheng Xuan would be used by Li Wei.The teacher is over 70 years old and can't stand the toss of strong winds and waves. Li Wei followed the general to conquer the West Sea at the age of weak crown, and has been in the officialdom for a long time. The world is shaking, every word this person utters has a deep meaning, and you must not agree lightly, so as to harm the teacher and the new scriptures.
Li Wei smiled slightly, not paying attention to the caution and worry of the two of them.
"Yesterday, it was Gao Tanglong who challenged Master." Li Wei said slowly, "Who is Gao Tanglong? He is from Pingyang, Taishan. There have been people who have served as Doctors of Taixue in the past dynasties, and they belong to the Qingzhou family. Who is Gao Tanglong's teacher? Kong Rong."
"Gao Tanglong once served as the postal supervisor in Xue Ti's mansion, the prefect of Taishan County. Once there was a dispute between Xue Ti and the captain. Saved. After Kong Rong was punished for his treason, he was implicated and dismissed and returned home."
"After Gao Tanglong's attack, there were many responders, and Cui Yan, Zhao Shang, Gongsun Fang, Wang Ji, and two adults from the New Classic School..." Li Wei pointed to Xi Ji and Zhao Song, "You are all masters. Gaozu, immediately stand up and refute it vigorously. Then, I want to ask, who is your opponent?"
Xi Xi and Zhao Song were thoughtful.
"If my information is correct, the first ones to respond to Gao Tanglong are Wang Lang, Hua Xin, Song Zhong, Ying Rong, Wang Kai, and Dong Fang." Seeing that the two of them were silent, Li Wei had no choice but to continue, " Wang Lang is from Donghai, Xuzhou. He is famous for his "Tongjing". He is as famous as Sima Decao, Mr. Shui Jing, and is famous for studying "Taixuan". ("Taixuan" was written by Yang Xiong, a great Confucian in this dynasty. Rong is from Chen Guo, Yuzhou, and he studied under Yang Ci. The teachers of Dong Zhao and Dong Fang were also Yang Ci, and the last time the two were able to escape the implication of Zhang Miao and Kong Rong's conspiracy had a lot to do with Yang Biao's protection. .Wang Kai is from Shanyang, Yanzhou, and he was born in a family. His ancestor is the great Confucian Wang Chang, his father is Wang Qian (who once served as the long history of the great general He Jin), and his teacher is Yang Biao."
After Li Wei finished speaking, he looked at Xi Xi and Zhao Song with a smile.The two of them were secretly horrified and chilled.Li Wei's purpose was exposed, he was going to deal with Yang Biao, and he was going to attack the Guanluo scholars headed by Yang Biao.
"Do you think I'm going to deal with Master Taifu?" Li Wei seemed to have seen through their thoughts, and twirled his beard and smiled.
The two were stunned.Is not it?
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"The New Classics is a fusion of modern and ancient Chinese classics, and it is a culmination of modern and ancient Chinese classics. Because it is a fusion, it is necessary to take into account the advantages of the two types of classics, and at the same time take care of the shortcomings of the two types of classics. This will inevitably be criticized. .”
Li Wei hesitated for a while, but said nothing later.He has a special status and his speech is heavy, so he cannot comment on Confucian classics at will, so as not to cause adverse effects.
Xi Xi and Zhao Song really wanted to know Li Wei's views on the New Classics, and this view was likely to be directly related to the revision of the imperial court's national policy and the status of the New Classics, so they looked at each other and pointed to the door of the study in unanimous agreement. .Zhao Song was the first to say: "My lord, we will talk behind closed doors today, we will count what we say, forget it when we go out, and never spread it."
Li Wei smiled, thought for a moment, and continued: "There is an inevitable reason why the New Classics can become an official school, not just because of the needs of the court."
Over the past 200 years, the continuous development of ancient texts and classics has played a great role in promoting the breaking of the family law and the integration of modern texts and ancient texts.
The study of ancient Chinese classics is basically taught among the people. Because there are few students, learners have to seek teachers from a wide range of people.Jia Kui's father, Jia Hui, once studied from Liu Xin, Xu Yun, Xie Manqing and other great Confucians. Ban Gu and Ma Rong were also "teachers of impermanence".Extensive seeking of teachers and the ability to read the writings of various schools enable these great Confucianists to absorb the essence of various schools and schools without having to stick to the theory of one teacher.
Many great Confucians who study ancient Chinese classics are not tempted by fame and fortune, but aim to learn eruditely, so most of them are not bound by the study of chapters and sentences. For example, Huan Tan, Ban Gu, Han Rong, Lu Zhi and others are good at studying ancient and modern studies. Fine but not disciplined.
During the Xiaohuan and Xiaoling emperors' dynasties, eunuchs and foreign relatives took turns to control power, which eventually led to the disaster of party imprisonment.In the case of the decline of royal power, Jinwen Confucianism played little role in state affairs, and a considerable number of Confucian scholars immediately turned to purely academic Confucianism research, while ancient Chinese Confucianism did not have a strict teacher-teacher transmission system, which was just suitable for this kind of pure academic research.Decades of the scourge of the party, although it has discouraged scholars from participating in politics, has created a large number of Confucianists, and Master Zheng Xuan is one of the best.
The contribution of ancient texts to Confucian classics in theory is very great. The important reason is that ancient texts and classics scholars all focus on research and learning, and are not bound by the laws of teachers and families.Since there are no teacher’s theory and chapters, of course there is no teacher’s law and family law at all. This immediately became a crucial reason for Jinwen Confucian scholars who flaunt their teacher’s legalism and family law to resist ancient Chinese classics. Therefore, ancient Chinese classics must strive for the status of official school If Confucian scholars of ancient Chinese classics want to enter the court, they must break the old rules of sticking to the law of the teacher and the family.
Under the strong challenge of ancient texts and classics, in order to resist their opponents together, the various sects of modern classics had to dismantle the internal sectarian barriers and learn from each other. In addition, they were also influenced by the style of study of ancient texts, and their internal imitation and family law also began to weaken gradually.The great Confucian Zhang Xuan studied "Yan's Spring and Autumn Annals", but he was also a mathematician, so he lost his doctorate. However, Confucian scholars believed that he was highly knowledgeable and were willing to learn from him, and he had thousands of disciples.This method of confusing family law was gradually welcomed by Confucian scholars, and even prevailed in Taixue.
Although the orthodox school in Jinwen Confucianism is still trying to maintain the authoritative position of the study of the law of the family and its chapters and sentences, under the situation of more learning channels, frequent academic exchanges and debates, and the advantages and disadvantages of each theory are becoming more and more obvious. However, the practice of still requiring Confucian scholars to respect the teaching of one teacher and abide by the teachings of one family is becoming more and more unworkable.
When being filial to the emperor, it was stipulated that all students must try the family law to promote filial piety, but since then, among the Confucian scholars who regard the classics as filial piety, there are many people who do not stick to the family law but are erudite, such as Fu Qianxian, who was a student of the imperial court. , and later studied "Zuo Zhuan" intensively, and was promoted as Xiaolian, which shows that the provisions of "Testing Family Law" were not strictly implemented.Master Lu Zhi mastered ancient and modern studies, did not abide by the rules, and was actually appointed as a doctor; Master Zheng Xuan was a erudite who did not specialize in the theory of teachers, and was also enlisted as a doctor. Doctor's family law also began to waver.
Since Emperor Guangwu, most of the Confucian scholars in this dynasty have studied the knowledge of more than two classics, and after the rise of the study of ancient Chinese classics, it has become a fashion for a while to study both modern and ancient Chinese classics. Knowing the Five Classics, there are still many people who are both modern and ancient Chinese, and also master prophecy and numerology, such as Cai Yong, Xun Shuang, Yang Biao, Master Zheng Xuan and others.
In addition, the correctness and unity of scripture texts also greatly promoted the development of "Tongxue".In the teaching of Confucian classics, because of the differences in teachers and family methods, as well as the differences between modern and ancient scriptures, the texts of scriptures are very different.The scriptures are not unified, and the scriptures are naturally impossible to unify. Some Confucian scholars even tampered with the texts of the scriptures for profit. Therefore, since the middle and late period of the dynasty, the scriptures have been corrected and unified. In 175 A.D., Emperor Xiaoling issued a decree to order Tangxi Dian, the doctor of the five senses, Yang Ci, the doctor of Guanglu, Ma Rixun, the doctor of advice, Zhang Xun of Yilang, Han Shuo, and Dan Yang of Taishi Ling to Zhengding The text of the Six Classics was written by Cai Yong on the stele, which stood outside the gate of Taixue.
The development of ancient Chinese classics, the decline of modern classics, the weakening of teachers and family methods, and the unification of scriptures and texts prove that the fusion of modern and ancient Chinese classics is inevitable, and it is inevitable that Master Zheng Xuan’s new classics will become official studies. People can regret the status of the New Scriptures.
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When Xi Xi and Zhao Song heard this, they were overjoyed.
Li Wei was the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, a young prime minister. His official career is still very brilliant. For a long time, no one can replace Li Wei. His affirmation of the status of Xinjing is basically It can represent the emperor and the court.With Li Wei's promise, the New Classic will develop rapidly after the world is stabilized, and Master Zheng Xuan's giant status in the New Classic will also be firmly guaranteed.
"However, there are two deficiencies in the New Classic." Li Wei looked at the two ministers who were beaming with joy, and slowly said a frightening sentence.
"The Confucian scholars of the present-day Jinwen Confucianism generally hold on to the rudimentary and stick to it. Although the Confucian scholars of the Ancient Wen Confucianism are much more extensive than the Confucian scholars of the Jinwen Confucianism, they still cannot get rid of the shackles and shackles of the tradition. The most obvious It is the study of the "Yi". The "Yi" of the ancient Chinese classics is rigidly attached to the image, number, divination, fragmented and trivial, and the disgusting aspects are almost the same as the "Yi" of the modern classics."
"When master Zheng Xuan integrated classics, modern and ancient literature and classics, he still did not get rid of this bondage and shackles when he commented on "Yi". It is the reason why a group of famous Confucian scholars such as Wang Lang, Song Zhong, Gao Tanglong and Ying Rong accused him."
"Prophecy and cumbersomeness are the two fatal flaws of the New Classics, especially the prophecy, which has become the common target of Confucian scholars from both schools of modern and ancient literature and classics."
"The Yang family in Kansai is a family of Jinwen Confucianism. When Jinwen Confucianism came to an end, they suddenly jumped out to correct the New Classics with the New Classics, refute the New Classics with the New Classics, and correct the New Classics with the New Classics. We must say that they Their intelligence is very high, and their strategies are very ingenious."
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Master Zheng Xuan paid more attention to the classics of ancient literature. When he commented on the scriptures, he did not follow the teacher's law, the family law, and did not abide by the rules and regulations. However, for hundreds of years, the theory of prophecy has been deeply rooted in the classics, and has influenced Confucian scholars. It can be said to be deeply rooted, so he is no exception. When he integrated modern and ancient literature and classics, he took a reserved attitude towards Chenwei.
The controversy over prophecy and weft has a long history.The Confucian scholars of Confucianism in this dynasty have been fighting fiercely over whether to use Chenwei or oppose Chenwei in governing the scriptures. Therefore, when ancient Chinese classics are becoming integrated, how to deal with Chenwei is an unavoidable problem.
Since Emperor Guangwu, the study of prophecy has been prevalent in this dynasty, and there has been a debate between "using prophecy" and "anti-prophecy".
"Using the prophecy" actually means using prophecy to rule the scriptures, which tends to mysticism, and "against the prophecy" means clearly opposing the use of prophecy to rule the scriptures, which tends to rationalism.
The differences between these two factions are too great. For more than 200 years, all Confucian scholars who "anti-prophecy" have come to a bad end. For example, the great Confucian scholars Wang Chong and Zhang Heng are living examples, so the "anti-prophecy" faction has always withered talents.For those Confucian scholars trying to enter official careers, it is self-evident which method to choose to govern the classics.
Master Zheng Xuan adopted the theory of prophecy in annotating scriptures, which belonged to the school of "use of prophecy", which is understandable, but the problem is that after more than 20 years of war in the Han Dynasty, the theory of prophecy suffered a brutal and bloody blow. Academia that is outdated, incompatible with the times, and not conducive to the rejuvenation of the Han Dynasty.
More than 20 years of war and the death of tens of millions of people told the big man that strength is the power that determines everything. The so-called prophecy that represents the will of the gods is meaningless at all. It can neither save the country nor save innocent lives.
The reason why Jinwen Confucianism came to an end quickly was that it used prophecy to rule the Confucian classics.The old dynasty is gone, and Chenwei, which uses divine will to demonstrate the legitimacy of the Han Dynasty, has lost its support, and Jinwen Confucianism, which is closely attached to the royal power and uses Chenwei to govern the scriptures, cannot survive.
As for the cumbersome issue of the New Classics, it is also related to Chenwei.Master Zheng Xuan introduced prophecy and weft in his commentary, and the theory of mystery and delusion is full of his studies. Of course, it is impossible to get rid of the shadow of cumbersomeness. In addition, when Master Zheng Xuan annotated "Yi", he followed the method of Xiangshu Yixue in this dynasty. , Hexagram changes, and mutual learning are naturally cumbersome.Another reason is that Master Zheng Xuan paid more attention to the study of ancient Chinese classics and was keen on speeches.The exegesis of ancient Chinese classics also has trivial problems. Therefore, in the process of integrating classics, modern and ancient Chinese, Master Zheng Xuan has the problem of anti-complexity, no matter whether he is dealing with modern classics or ancient Chinese classics. Of course, it is difficult for him to solve this problem by himself. .
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Li Wei looked at the two dignified ministers, and his tone gradually became serious.
"For the imperial court, there is only one criterion, the only criterion, for choosing which Confucian classics to be the official study, and that is whether it is conducive to the stability of the country, the rejuvenation of the great man, and the long-term stability of the great man."
"The state affairs practice of the great Han is the sole criterion for determining official studies."
Xi Xi and Zhao Song suddenly realized that Li Wei's words were like enlightenment, making them immediately realize the root of the crisis in Xinjing.
"At the beginning, the imperial court strongly promoted Master Zheng Xuan's New Classics as an official study. It was a forced choice, because at that time, the two schools of classical literature and classics were arguing fiercely. With the implementation of the New Deal, the imperial court chose this new study of Confucian classics that combines the strengths of both modern and ancient literature and classics."
"The study of ancient Chinese classics has always been 'anti-prophecy', such as Wang Chong, Heng Tan, Yin Min, Zhang Heng and other masters, and it is still the case in the generation of Ma Rong and Zhao Qi." Li Wei said, "After the New Classics became an official school, It is a blow to ancient texts. For more than 200 years, generations of ancient texts have been trying to make ancient texts an official school, but in the end it was taken over by the newly emerging new classics. This shows that The loss and resentment in their hearts."
"At this time, Jinwen Confucianism became an ally of Guwen Confucianism. With the development of Jinwen Confucianism to this day, it has lost its position as an official school and cannot continue to exert influence on the government. The "general scholars" of the two schools of scriptures, especially in recent decades, have been able to change their research directions very quickly, and then together with the Confucian scholars of Jinwen Confucianism, raised the "anti-prophecy, anti- The banner of "complexity" is to fight against the new classics, trying to drive the new classics out of the official school, and let the ancient Chinese classics take the position of the official school."
Li Wei tapped the case table lightly, and spoke with a heavier tone, "Think about the Taixue debate yesterday, who finally stood up to attack the New Classics? It was the Ma family in Guanzhong, and it was Ma Feng, the descendant of Master Ma Rong. It's Xu Hun, the son of Master Xu Shao, Xu Hun. These two people stood up to support Wang Lang and Gao Tanglong, doesn't that explain the problem?"
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There was silence in the study.
"The study of prophecy and modern classics is integrated into it without distinguishing each other, and the study of ancient classics is also widely used. Compared with it, the prophecy in the new classics is not serious." Xi Xi said slowly, "Now the Confucian scholars of ancient Chinese classics suddenly proposed , Confucian classics should be based on both modern and ancient Chinese classics, and completely eliminate prophecy, is it too extreme?"
Li Wei shook his head, and said solemnly: "The imperial court has ordered three times to confiscate the books of Chenwei, and the attitude against Chenwei is very clear."
"The Furui calamity theory propagated by Chenwei's theology may not have bad intentions, but the effect is extremely bad. Wang Chong, a great Confucian in this dynasty, commented on Chenwei in "Lunheng". Perhaps the theology of Chenwei was in the period of Guangwu Zhongxing and the reconstruction of the Han Dynasty. It played a positive role, but when the society was restored to stability, the negative impact of this theory far outweighed its positive significance. What it preached could actually only lead to the people's extreme distrust of the emperor, the court and national policies .”
"Master Wang Chong said as early as more than 100 years ago that although the theory of Furui disasters has its cultural background, the imperial court must abandon the divinity theology based on Furui disasters, so as to truly restore pure Confucianism and restore the essence of pure Confucianism. Only then can it benefit the country and benefit the common people.”
"Today, when we look back, the words of Master Wang Chong in "Inquiring Confucius" and "Timeng" are not so much a criticism of the early Confucian tradition represented by Confucius and Mencius, but rather a criticism based on the Confucian scholars’ distorted understanding of the spirit of Confucianism is a cry to restore the true face of Confucianism.”
"The Confucian scholars of ancient texts and classics have been trying to reconstruct Confucian ethics for many years to provide a practical national policy for the great Han to reverse the decline of the country and restrain the harm to the country by treacherous craftsmen. Under the double blow, their wishes came to nothing, and they themselves were persecuted and attacked. This cruel fact stimulated those Confucian scholars who wanted to save the country. Patriotic and loyal to the emperor and make unnecessary sacrifices."
"The result of these Confucian scholars' calm reflection is that they adopt a passive and non-cooperative attitude, either refusing to be an official, engaging in pure Confucianism research, cultivating disciples, or adopting roundabout attacks, which makes the struggle between the government and the opposition more complicated and intense, and the court is helpless. , implemented the policy of imprisonment for those Confucian scholars who resisted endlessly, which is the disaster of the party, and what is the result? The world collapses."
"Let's imagine that if there are no foreign relatives and eunuchs to harm the country, if the country is always stable and the people live and work in peace and contentment, and if the imperial court can work together with Confucian scholars to build a great Han, then, while the study of modern and ancient Chinese classics is developing, Zhang Heng, With the efforts of generations of masters such as Ma Rong, Cai Yong, and Zheng Xuan, it should be possible to give new interpretations to Confucianism, rebuild new Confucian ethics to meet the challenges of various crises, and promote the progress of the Han Dynasty. However, history is history, and it It is impossible to develop according to the good wishes of the people, and the great man is still heading for the abyss of overthrow."
"Today's imperial court must learn the lesson of blood, restore pure Confucianism, and let the Confucian scholars of the Han Dynasty work together to rebuild the Confucian ethics that can promote the prosperity of the Han Dynasty and the long-term stability of the country. It is even more necessary to make the New Classics into a Confucian classics that can be accepted and studied by Confucian scholars all over the world.”
"Collect widely, don't abide by the law of one family and the theory of one teacher, give Confucian scholars of all schools the maximum academic freedom, let Confucianism quickly recover its original origin, and let Confucianism develop rapidly. This is the principle for the future study of New Classics. Li Wei said firmly and forcefully, "This is the court's principle of official studies, and it will not change. Which school of Confucian classics conforms to the court's principles, which school is official school, this view of the court will not change."
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Xi Xi and Zhao Song left the Prime Minister's Mansion with very complicated emotions, and hurried to the Guanyi to meet with their teacher Zheng Xuan and discuss countermeasures.
Prime Minister Li Wei summoned them today, certainly not to appease them, but to set off a violent storm, which can be seen from his last few words.Although he repeatedly said that the imperial court insisted on the New Classics as an official school, the meaning behind it is obvious that if major adjustments are not made to the New Classics, the future will be bleak.
Li Wei said that the court hopes to restore pure Confucianism, so what will he do next?
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Li Wei urgently called Lang Wang Lang and Lang Zhong Xu Hun.
Li Wei first affirmed the "anti-prophecy" and "anti-complexity" propositions insisted by the Confucians of the two schools of modern and ancient literature and classics, and then put forward a suggestion to restore pure Confucianism, and reiterated the principle of the imperial court's choice of official school: the practice of state affairs in the Han Dynasty It is the sole criterion for determining official education.
No matter what kind of Confucian classics, as long as it is conducive to the stability of the country, the rejuvenation of the Han Dynasty, and the long-term stability of the Han Dynasty, it is an official school.
Li Wei's words made Wang Lang and Xu Hun both surprised and happy.This sentence can be understood as that the imperial court was very dissatisfied with the "prophecy" and "complexity" in the New Classics, and intended to redefine official studies, and the first choice was the study of ancient Chinese classics.
The two left the prime minister's mansion in a hurry.
Wang Lang went to visit Yang Biao.Yang Biao immediately understood Li Wei's meaning, he knew what Li Wei's ultimate goal was, but now that Li Wei put forward the "pure Confucianism" point of view, the curtain of the Confucianism debate has been opened, and no one can lose rise.He immediately invited famous Confucian scholars in Jinwen Confucianism in Beijing to discuss countermeasures.
Xu Hun went home and reported to his father Xu Shao.Xu Shao was very excited. The study of ancient Chinese classics has struggled for more than 200 years to restore pure Confucianism, and it has also struggled for more than 200 years to rebuild Confucian ethics. Now it finally has the opportunity.He hurriedly invited Wang Jian, Xu Jing, Cui Yan, Chun Yujia and others to the Taixue Academy to discuss countermeasures.
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Master craftsman Zhao Jian and Taishi Ling Ma Feng rushed to the prime minister's residence one after another.
The Ma family in Guanzhong is a family of ancient literature and classics. Master Ma Rong has an extremely high status. Zheng Xuan, Lu Zhi and others are all his disciples.Master Ma Rong opposed the study of prophecy and cumbersome scripture annotations. Many academic views of contemporary ancient Chinese classics come from Master Ma Rong.
After Li Wei explained the court's attitude towards Confucian classics in detail, he said to Ma Feng that the court firmly supported the integration of modern and ancient classics, which was the main reason why the court chose the new Confucian classics as the official study. Dahan rejuvenates and promotes the progress of the country. The main purpose of "anti-prophecy, anti-complexity" is to promote the integration of modern and ancient literature and classics, better and faster integration, so as to quickly promote the development of Confucianism.
"But Confucianism is developing in that direction. How to ensure that the reconstruction of Confucian ethics is in the interests of the court, the interests of the great Han, and the interests of the common people?"
Li Wei reached out and took out a roll of bamboo slips from the case table, and slowly opened it. It turned out to be Master Zhao Qi's "Mengzi Chapters".
Zhao Jian and Ma Feng suddenly realized.Li Wei made a big circle, in the final analysis, it was for restructuring.
Among the great Confucians who studied and studied Mencius in this dynasty, Yang Xiong wrote Mencius Notes, Cheng Zeng wrote Mencius Chapters, Zhao Qi wrote Mencius Chapters, Zheng Xuan wrote Mencius Notes, Liu Xi He is the author of "Mencius Notes" and "Mencius Chapters" written by Gao You, a disciple of Master Lu Zhi. Among them, the most famous one is "Mencius Chapters" by Master Zhao Qi.
Mr. Zhao Qi's "Mencius Chapters" is the first time that Confucian scholars in this dynasty have systematically organized and interpreted "Mencius" since "Mencius" was written.In Zhao Qi’s view, Mencius is the most important inheritor of the Confucian school founded by Confucius and the greatest representative of Confucianism after Confucius. He not only fully inherited Confucius’ academic thoughts, but also made many creative developments. A key figure born in response to the times.
Of course, the most important academic thoughts of Mencius are not those fatalistic viewpoints criticized by Master Wang Chong in "Cimeng", but the concept of "people-oriented" or "people-oriented" in "Mencius".
Mr. Zhao Qi emphatically mentioned several concepts of "humanism" of Mencius in his annotation "Mencius·King Hui of Liang".
"The way to govern the country should be in the name of benevolence and righteousness, and then make peace with each other, and the monarch and ministers gather together. It is a natural way that righteousness is not easy, so it starts with building a chapter."
"The virtue of a sage king is to share joy with the people. If he is kind to birds and beasts, he will put his heart on it, and the peace will prosper. A king who has no way, if the people are angry, the gods will be angry, the country will be destroyed and the ancestors will be extinct, and he will not be able to keep what he likes."
"The essence of Wang Hua is to enable the people to prepare enough for life and death, and then guide them with etiquette and righteousness. If the trade is rich and poor, then the people will gather."
"The king is the way of government, the life of the people is the first, the government hurts the people, the people enjoy their death, and the strong obeys the strong, benevolence and inhumanity."
Mr. Zhao Qi's emphasis on these concepts of governing the country is undoubtedly based on his deep feelings about the many crises in which the great man fell into. This concept of governing the country is beneficial to the country and the people.
Looking at the core idea of "Mencius", there is no doubt that "the people are more important than the emperor", advocating the "kingly way" and "benevolent government", which is what the current big man urgently needs.
The national policy of this dynasty has always been based on the ethics of Confucianism. Li Wei is now proposing pure Confucianism and rebuilding Confucian ethics. Obviously, it is to implement the New Deal, complete the restructuring, ensure the success of the great Han Dynasty and the long-term stability of the country, and rebuild the direction of Confucian ethics. Undoubtedly it is the "people-oriented" concept of "Mencius".
Li Wei reached out and patted the "Mengzi Zhangju" on the desk, and said solemnly: "I need your help to ensure that the construction of Confucian ethics is in the interests of the big man."
=
Grand Sima Xu Rong and Taiwei Zhang Yan walked into the prime minister's mansion one after the other.
"Has the general arrived in Hexi?" Li Wei invited the two into the study and asked with a smile.
Zhang Yan looked up at him, "Are you feeling better?"
"Take a rest for a few days if you're too tired." Xu Rong said with concern, "Once you lie down, the court will basically be paralyzed. Don't worry about restructuring, take your time, there will always be a way."
Li Wei smiled gratefully, and shook his hands, "A skinny camel is bigger than a horse. I have such a big bunch, can't it last?"
"Your Majesty and the General have already arrived in Wuwei, and will soon arrive at Yibula Mountain." Zhang Yan said, "The General replied that the counter-insurgency in northern Xinjiang can be delayed until July, which is after the rainy season in the desert. In time, he first asked General Yan Rou to lead the army to the Hetao area to join the Great Chanyu Liu Bao and the Right Wise King Liu Ming, and then Chen Bing in the cloud to threaten Fu Luo Han."
"Where's Your Majesty? Did he go to Yunzhong with General Yan Rou?" Li Wei asked.
"The general said that he planned to take His Majesty around Zhangye and Jiuquan, let him see Yumen Pass and Yang Pass, and let him know where the Western Regions are." Xu Rong said with a smile, "It seems that in the future, the General intends to let Your Majesty I personally led the army to recover the Western Regions and reached Congling."
"What do you fight if you don't have money?" Li Wei said angrily, "He went to the mountains to play with His Majesty, and left us in the capital to suffer. How can there be any brotherhood?"
Xu Rong and Zhang Yan laughed uncontrollably.
Jia Kui and Wen Hui walked in holding the slips and handed them to Xu Rong and Zhang Yan respectively.This volume has just been drafted, and the ink has not yet dried.After reading it, the two were a little puzzled.
"Zhong Yuan, the Taixue is making a fuss, which is not conducive to the discussion and formulation of reform policies." Xu Rong said, "This will not solve the fundamental problem."
"The fundamental problem is the interests, the distribution of interests." Zhang Yan put the bamboo slips on the case table, "The debate on classics and the reconstruction of Confucian ethics will not benefit them."
"Yes, the two adults are right." Li Wei smiled, "But in order to benefit from this debate, the schools of Confucian classics must make strategic adjustments, and try their best to integrate their own governance concepts into national policies as quickly as possible. Go, and benefit from it."
"What now?" Xu Rong rolled up the slip and held it in front of Li Wei, "Now we are waiting for the result of the Confucian classics debate?"
"Yes, the imperial court has principles, and has put forward clear requirements for official studies, classics, and Confucianism ethics. I believe this debate will come to fruition." Li Wei said with certainty, "But in order to save time, the imperial court needs to make a decision. Some gestures."
Zhang Yan laughed, "Okay, listen to you, we will all go to Taixue tomorrow." Then he looked at Xu Rong, "Zhong Yuan invited us, of course not for the purpose of inviting us, look..."
Xu Rong frowned, "Princess Princess came to Taixue in person, safety matters..."
"I promise." Zhang Yan said with a smile, "I am personally responsible for His Highness's safety."
=
March 26, Chang'an, Taixue.
Fueled by the imperial court, Taixue set off a massive debate on Confucian classics.
The two schools of modern and ancient Chinese classics first raised the banner of "anti-prophecy and anti-complexity", but the new school of classics did not respond positively. , The internal strife between the two schools of ancient Chinese classics.Ma Feng and Zhao Jian immediately threw out "Mencius Zhangju", and the subject of the Confucian classics debate immediately changed from Confucian ethics to "pure Confucianism".
=
On the seventh day of April, the scale of Confucian classics debates became larger and larger, and Confucian scholars from all over the world rushed to Chang'an day and night under the call of teachers, classmates, and friends.
Zhong Yao, the general who conquered the west, also rushed to the court, requesting to return to Beijing to participate in this grand event of Confucian classics.The eldest princess was ready to play, and Zhong Yao took dozens of Yingchuan Confucian scholars and celebrities to Beijing at high speed.
At this moment, the Qilin Palace discussion initiated by the imperial court has been shelved, and most of the ministers in the court and the central government have been involved in this endless discussion of Confucian classics.
Li Wei was a little overwhelmed.
=
On April [-]th, Hussar General Xian Yu rushed to the imperial court, and Neng Chendi from Karasuma joined forces with Xiuwu Lu to attack the White Deer King Lu Pofeng.Lu Pofeng asks Xianyufu and Baishan Dashanyu Loulu for help.Xian Yu sent Xian Yu Yin, Kirby Xiong, She Hu, She Ying Tong and others led [-] cavalry into Shanggu County, and Lou Lu also sent troops to help.
Nengchendi and Xiuwulu immediately asked Fuluohan and Shelong for help. The Xianbei people used this as an excuse to lead their troops across the Great Wall and into Shanggu County.Now the two sides are facing each other on the north and south banks of the water control (ie Sanggan River), and are still in the mediation stage for the time being.
Xian Yufu said that if the Northern Expeditionary Army could not reach the desert for a long time, the Great War would probably break out soon, and begged the court to give an accurate answer so that I could decide whether to launch an attack immediately.
Grand Sima Xu Rong urgently appealed to Chen Yufu. The matter of the imperial reorganization has not yet been resolved. It is not suitable for a decisive battle at present. Please try to delay the outbreak of the war and meet some demands of the Xianbei people at an appropriate time.
=
On April [-]th, Taifu Yang Biao, imperial historian Xun You, Ting Weiqing Chen Qun, Dahongyu Yuan Yao, Taichang Cheng Yuan Huan, General Zhengxi Zhong Yao, veteran Yang Qi, Liu He, Sima Fang, Zhao Wen and others gathered together to discuss countermeasures.
After more than half a month of debate, the Jinwen School of Confucianism has been hit hard. Now the debate on Confucian classics is mainly the debate between the ancient school of classics and the new school of classics. In fact, it is a debate within the ancient school of classics. This is something that the School of Jinwen Confucianism did not expect at all before the Sutra Discrimination. They did not expect that Jinwen Confucianism would fall to such an extent in just over 20 years.
If it weren't for the fact that many great Confucian scholars of Jinwen Confucianism also studied ancient and modern Confucian classics, it is estimated that there would be no Confucian scholars of the Jinwen Confucian school in Taixue.
In addition to lamenting, we must immediately come up with countermeasures in order to help the disciples and Confucian scholars who are studying Jinwen Confucianism.
Jinwen Confucianism is everyone's livelihood, and now that Jinwen Confucianism has fallen to such an extent, the rice bowl will be ruined.The Confucian classics fights back and forth, in the final analysis, it is a fight for jobs and a fight for survival.
How to survive?Immediately switch to the new scriptures?That also needs to be a process, and it doesn't mean that you can change it just by changing it.Jinwen Confucianism pays attention to teacher's method and family law. For hundreds of years, this concept has been deeply rooted in the hearts of students and disciples. How is it possible for them to suddenly throw away the Jinwen Confucianism that they have studied for decades, or even a lifetime?Without one generation, two generations, or decades, it is difficult for Confucian scholars of Jinwen Confucianism to change their ideas.
In the past, people from northern Xinjiang have been attacking other factions. For example, people from Guanluo had no chance to become officials for a long time, but at that time it was mainly factional disputes.Since the New Classics became an official school, Confucian scholars who studied Jinwen Confucianism were the first to bear the brunt and lost their jobs completely. As a result, many Confucian scholars had to change to study New Classics because of their livelihood, but Confucian scholars who were loyal to Jinwen Confucianism still occupied Most of them, many of them are poor now, even if they are rich and talented, they can only hold the bamboo slips and sigh, unable to express their ambitions.
"We will immediately formulate a selection system to replace the selection system of the imperial court and the township evaluation." Yang Biao said, "In this new system, talent and morality should be the main focus when selecting talents, rather than learning classics. Master. The principle of the new selection system is meritocracy, which is completely in line with the principle of the court's selection of talents. In this way, we can minimize losses and allow Confucian scholars of Jinwen Confucianism to be admitted to official positions as much as possible. Opportunity. The imperial court’s restructuring policy has not yet been finalized, as long as the imperial court agrees to revise the selection system, we will make concessions and agree to a series of restructuring policies formulated by the imperial court.”
Everyone's eyes lit up, and their thoughts suddenly opened.
"The imperial court supports the new scriptures. As long as the new scriptures are vigorously reformed and the prophecies are removed from the scriptures as soon as possible, the school of ancient Chinese classics will still lose, so they must also support the revision of the selection system." Veteran Liu He said happily, "Just, How to change it? Overthrow the prosecution system?"
"There is no need to overthrow, overthrow and remake, the contradiction is even greater, we should try our best to solve the problem of the imperial court's selection of officials and the village's clear discussion, so as to cut off the control and manipulation of the selection by the people of northern Xinjiang and the Confucian scholars of the New Classics." Xun You waved his hand and said, "The selection right One is divided into three, the prime minister's office is responsible for the evaluation of Confucian scholars, the Shangshutai is responsible for supervision and adjustment, the Zhongshujian is responsible for appointing officials according to the status, and the officials in charge of township evaluation in various places are also appointed by the imperial court. The checks and balances will be fully transferred to the imperial court, and the imperial power will be effectively maintained. It will serve multiple purposes.”
"Expand the selection objects, and the opportunities for talent selection should be equal, and talented commoners can also become officials." Zhong Yao said, "If the imperial court and local township evaluations can evaluate all Confucian scholars, we will truly achieve meritocracy, Virtue is the only thing to do, so this policy can completely eliminate the disadvantages of the probation system, which is extremely beneficial to the great Han Zhongxing."
Everyone discussed continuously for a day and a night, and then Chen Qun and Yuan Huan drew up a new selection system and solicited opinions from various parties.
===
On April [-], [-] ministers headed by Taifu Yang Biao jointly signed a memorial requesting revision of the selection system, and submitted a memorial to replace the "examination system" with the "nine-rank Zhongzheng system".
=
I recommend Futian's new book, "Strategy of Wu Tang", ISBN 174038, I especially recommend it.
A friend's new book "Simple Killing: 1930", please read it when you have time, thank you, I am very grateful.
(To be continued, if you want to know what happens next, please visit www.CMFU.COM, more chapters, support the author, support genuine reading!)
(End of this chapter)
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