politics

Chapter 93 Index 2 Topics

Chapter 93 Index Two Topics (6)
ερεpriests祭司,庙祝99a17,22b18—29,28b11,22。

εροποιó superintendent of sacrifices (clergy) 22b24.

κóσμοι, οthe cosmi "Cosmo" Cretan censor 72a6.

λιμενοφλαξharbourofficer Harbor Administration 21b27, 27a32.

λογισοι, οaccountants Accounting 22b11, 36.

μνμονε, οrecorders Registrar Civil Justice Officials 21b34, 39.

ναοφλαξguardian of the shrines 22b24.

ναυρχοadmiral Admiral 71a37.

νομοφλαξguardian of the laws法律监护87a21,98b29,23a7;法律训导,22b39。

παιδο-νóμοι, οdirectors of education 36a30, 39.

guardians of children儿童监护99a22,b19,0a4,22b39。

πολιοφλαξpolice magistrate police officer 68a22, 5b29.

πρεσβευα οambassadors diplomatic envoys 71a24, 99a19.

προξνο
Proxenus Diaspora Consul 4a10.

πρανιprytanis Plutany Miletus is the main political officer 5a17; the chairman of the Senate of Athens 22b29.

σιομρη corn measurer grain management or "grain accounting" 99a23.

σραηγòthe general see "military" term.

σμβουλοι, οcouncillors collegiate Zoriyi collegiate 7b14.

ουνηγóροι, οcontrollers financial pickets 22b12.

αμαtreasurer treasurer 21b33; treasurer pays more attention to character than ability 9b7.

αμα ν ερων χρημωνtemple comptroller 22b25.

ριηρχοtrierach Ship Elder 4b29.

υλωρó forest inspector forest area guardianship 21b30, 31b15.

8 society

Aγορámarketplace, "agora" square, bazaar, "Agora" "vendor market" 31b1; "Freeman Square" 31b31.

γοραοι, ο(κα βανασοτ) traders, marketingclass merchants (including craftsmen), market masses (low business) "low business people" lack culture 19a26, 28b40, and should not be listed in the citizen register 28b39; Those who have been out of the market for ten years, can be naturalized 78a25, 21a28.

νδρεαandreia, common meal "Andreia", public dining hall Spartan ancient banquet system, named "Andreia" from Crete 72a3.

νθρωποman sees the term "ethics".

νθρωποφαγ, the cannibals, the Huns on the east coast of the Black Sea, 38b19.

πελεθεροι, οfreedmen "free men" freed free men from slavery 78a2.

ποθσιexposure abandonment (deformation) 35b19.

πóροι,οthe poor穷人世上到处有穷人79b37;僧恨并妒羡富室的财物91b9,95b25—30;希腊各邦贫富两方的情况95b5—25;倘使城邦予以资给,贫民也愿任战斗97b11;在良好的平民政体中,贫民和富户地位相等18a6;极端平民政体以府库供养贫民20a29;贫民人数增加为引致变革的原因之一2b33—3a10。

ποφòραrent in kind land rent serfs (tenant farmers) paid agricultural taxes 64a34, 72a18.

ρρεν κατòθλυ, òthe male and female (couple) The combination of men and women is the basis for establishing a family 52a27—b14, 53b5, 59a37—b11.

γνοdescent,race宗姓,种族希腊各种族76a36,80b32,88a16,27b25;希腊殖民城邦的宗姓斗争3a26—b2。

希腊和非希腊的“好战各种族”53b2,69b30,24b10—21。

γεωργο,οfarmers农民,农夫农民有时亦作猎人56b5;农民可以构成最优良的平民政体92b25,96b28,18b9,19a6—19。在柏拉图的《理想国》中人们宁愿为农民而不作卫国之士62a40;农夫不宜为公民29a25,30a25;在亚氏模范城邦中农夫禁入“自由广场”31a34;城邦海军可征募农夫为桡手27b11。

γνωρμοι,οnotables著名人物著名人物(或高尚人士)以门望、才德、财富三者之高下分成若干流品90a2,91b28,93b15;贵族阶级(寡头派)间的内讧为引起政变的一因2a10,3b19,5b22,8a31;寡头富室应行博施以济助贫民97b7,20a32—b17;贵族可自成一个民主团体8a16。

γυνακε,αwomen妇女每一城邦半数为妇女,女德有关城邦的治乱兴衰,应训练妇女使合于城邦的政制60b15,69b15;妇女不能跟男子从事相同的作业64b4;妇女具有某种程度的审议机能,奴隶则全无60a12;利比亚(非洲)某处以妇女为公妻62a20;好战民族多耽爱妇女69b24;斯巴达妇女奢纵69b12—70a15;僭室常常败于女祸14b27;平民政体和僭政都放纵妇女13b33,19b28。

δεσπóηthe master家主,奴隶主家主和奴隶利害一致55b9,78b32,33a3;家主应教导奴隶60b3;“管教奴隶的学术”53b18,55b20—39,60b4;治奴和治民的比较52a2,53b18,77a33,33a2。

δουλεαslavery奴役,奴隶制度奴役是否合乎自然54a17—55b15;自然奴役主奴两利54a17,55a5;强迫奴役不合正义亦不合自然55a10、18、25,奴役类别77a37;猎取奴隶为军事技术的分支55b37,33b38;家务管理中,奴隶的性质53b23,54a17,b25,56a2;“奴隶技术”55b22—30;应该允许奴隶以自由,而鼓励其勤勉30a32。

δολοthe slave奴隶世上有无天生奴隶?54a13—55b15;“自然奴隶”和“强迫(法定)奴隶”相异,凭身心优劣而判为主奴者合乎自然,亦合乎正义54a17,55a5,b15;主奴关系52a30—b10,53b4,54a8,55b12,25b5;主奴利害相同52a34,78b33;奴隶的天赋往往无异于自由人54b32,55b3;奴隶别于妇女52a34—b9;奴隶为优于其他工具的一种工具53b32;有似力畜,相助主人经营生活52b13,54b25;但奴隶虽不具理智却能被理智所感应,则异乎力畜54b20—25,59b28,60a12;奴隶也有从属者的道德品质59b21—60b7;奴隶和工匠60a39,67b15,77a37,78a6。

奴隶不易约束64a36,69a36—b12,30a28;克里特禁止奴隶从事体育锻炼64a20;极端平民政体许可奴隶的子孙入籍为公民78a32,19b6;奴隶不能自给91a10;平民政体和僭政放纵奴隶13b35,19b28;僭主有时用奴隶为侍卫15a37。

EλωαHelots“赫卢太”斯巴达“农奴”64a35;赫卢太和克里特的“贝里俄季”相类71b41,72b19;农奴们在斯巴达引起许多困扰69a38,72b19。

ελωεαserfdom农奴制度制驭农奴宽严不易适中,依农奴制度为生产的城邦,社会不易稳定69a34—b12;城邦宜以外邦(野蛮)种族为农奴29a26,30a29。

εσφορtaxation税课,捐输71b13,14b14,20b3;僭政采取苛税暴敛的政策13b26;平民领袖以重捐毁伤富室20b28。

λευθροthe freeman自由人自由人和奴隶52a30—b9,53b21,54a17—55b15;自由人的体貌未必个个都胜过奴隶54b27;政治家宁愿治理自由城邦而不乐于为群奴的君主54a25,25a28,33b27;自由人不服僭政(专制)95a22,14a2;自由人自然应行自治(“轮番为治”)61b1,87a10—20,亦不应以受治于合法的统治者为嫌10a12—36,25a27,32b12—41(参看“政治”名词“自由”)。

μπορικcommerce商业商业各部门58b21;商业利弊27a11—b15;商务条约80a37。

πιγαμα πρò λλλου intermarriage 80b15, 35.

πικλρο,heiress嗣女斯巴达特别多继承财产的独女70a24;安德洛达马所拟的财产继承律74b25;嗣女婚配和财产纠纷为引致政变的原因之一4a4—13。

πινεονport port port port (including dock) should be conveniently located in the city 27a32.

ργα,κοινpublic works公共工程以劳役兴建重大建筑工程为僭主的通行政策13b21—26;寡头政体中著名人物应举办公共工程21a36;公共工程常用奴隶劳力67b16。

ργει σων ναγκαον, ν σequal recompense in equal work, etc.63a12.

ργον,òwork function工作,事业,功能,效用事物因效用而显示其本性53a19—23;要完成各项工作(事业)需各有其专门工具53b27,28a31;城邦所需各种行业凭其功能而定其轻重高下26a10—25。

ργασαoccupation职业取得生活资料的各种活动56a40,67a10,90b37—91a7。本书涉及的若干职业附列于下:

αρικmedicine医疗57b25,58a10,27,68b34,88b19。(另见“医师”条)。

μεαλλευικmetallurgy mining and metallurgy 58b30.

ναυπηγαshipbuilding Shipbuilding 88b19, 25b40.

οκοδομαhousebuilding建筑建筑工 91a13,28a32;建筑师82a21。

λμοποιο, οmortar makers 75b28.

ψοποιικ cookery 55b26; chef 82a23.

σκτοóμοcobbler鞋匠(皮匠)61a36,73b12,80b20。

κονε,οcarpenters木匠61a35,80b20,82a23。

λοομα timbercutting in logging, Forestry 58b31.

φνηweaver织工58a26,91a13,25b40。

χαλκαsmith copper blacksmith (or smelter) 91a14.

σλ κοιν public hearth public niche, Shenhuo 22b28.

εγενεαnobility,noble birth贵族,门望,优种“贵族”释为血统优良和财德世泽83a37,94a21,1b3;凭以要求政治特权81a6,83a33—b8,93b37;才德和门望较财富为稀有2a1;野蛮民族中的优种贵族,希腊人不认为优良55a32。

επóροι,οthe rich富人,资产阶级富室为构成城邦各职能、各部分(阶级)之一28b10,22;各邦都富人少,穷人多66a38,79b37;贵族政体往往偏重富室,因此流变为寡头统治97a9,7a19;贫富两方常常相仇95b21,10a4;富人免于饥寒,不致犯罪93b38;参加公务,妨碍治产93a7(参看55b35);富室放肆较穷人为易于覆亡97b11;常常自幼失教,流于奢侈95b17,10a22;富室应济贫97b7,20a35;应重公益21a35。平民城邦应保全富室,不使负担不必要的捐输9a14、18,20a6,b4。

ευχαprosperity兴盛兴盛豪华常为人生的隐患8b14,12b24,34a28。

χθρο, οenemies, enemies, enemies, walk different paths 95b24; if encountering a common danger, even enemies can cooperate 4b23.

couple
αιzeugitae 74a20 the third degree of the fourth class of citizens ordered by Solon.

θεαα, οthe spectators There are two kinds of spectators: the cultured free man and the vulgar artisan 42a18; the vulgar spectator degrades the actor 41b14.

θηικóν, òthetes, the last-level citizen of the mercenary-level Solonian law 74a21.

(End of this chapter)

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