Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty

Chapter 672 The Development of Daming Electricity

The intelligence of the Han people is beyond the reach of ordinary human beings.

With the accumulation of thousands of years of civilization and genetic evolution, if Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism did not create the dullness of the nation as the foundation.

The Han people will not gradually fall behind the West in natural science, Mohism has existed since the Spring and Autumn Period.

But now that Zhu Youjian first advocated holy learning, it naturally made the upsurge of Han people's study of natural science begin to reappear.

Just like the later generations, as long as the Jianlu did not make the country, the Han people really started natural science, and their ability to accept and create was no worse than that of Westerners.

Now since Chongzhen 17 years ago, with the implementation of policies such as the opening of the sea ban and the ban on road guides, as well as the patent system and intellectual property protection.

In addition, the god king Zhu Youjian himself also likes it.

The technological development of Daming has been changing with each passing day.

And because the new education has been implemented for 18 years, outstanding scientific and technological talents who have graduated several times have been enriched into various industries in the empire.

Ming's mathematics has developed into the era of analytic geometry and calculus, physics has now begun to enter the research of electromagnetism and optics, chemistry has begun to dabble in organic chemistry, and biology has entered the age of cells.

And Xu Yin is the pioneer of Daming in electricity. He graduated from Daming Industrial School and participated in the research of electricity.

He has now invented an electrostatic storage device similar to the Leiden bottle. The capacitor formed by combining a metal conductor with a glass bottle and water is directly named "capacitor" by him.

And because of his invention of capacitors, many electrical experiments in Daming were carried out.

At the same time, many researchers in Ming Dynasty took it for granted that since Xu Yin could collect electricity with metal conductors, after all, the capacitor invented by Xu Yin was not charged enough to do many electrical experiments, so they thought about using metal bodies to collect more electricity. electricity.

In the end, Zhu Youjian had to reiterate that he could not directly use lightning to collect electricity after he knew it.

And the researchers of Daming used Xu Yin's capacitors to conduct electrical experiments, and because of this, they began to believe in the theory of positive and negative charges in electricity proposed by Shengxue.

At the same time, I also began to know how to make some materials positively charged, how some materials are negatively charged, and which are insulators.

As soon as positive and negative charges appeared, electrical researchers in the Ming Dynasty began to make the positive and negative charges touch each other according to the theory of the holy science, and found that sparks would be generated when the positive and negative charges were close to a certain distance.

What Xu Yin is currently researching is how to use this kind of spark to create what is called an electric lamp in sacred science, that is, using the voltage generated by positive and negative charges to drive electrons to generate current, thereby causing the resistance to be heated to generate light.

The nature of basic material structures is established on the basis of natural science.

And all the laws of nature are also the result of microscopic particles such as electrons, atoms, and molecules.

And these microscopic particles make up the elements, and the elements make up the substances that our naked eyes can see.

This is also the reason why Zhu Youjian taught the periodic law of elements in Daming from the very beginning after crossing.

The periodic law of elements reveals the microscopic particle composition of each element that has been discovered and the different properties caused by the different microscopic particle composition.

These laws are summed up by researchers through hundreds of years of research experiments.

For example, the distribution rules of electrons are summarized by researchers creatively using probability science with hydrogen atoms as the reference.

Therefore, the microstructure of elements is based on the hydrogen atom as the basic reference.

Zhu Youjian didn't let Ming's scientific researchers do experiments one by one to sum up these laws for hundreds of years, but also creatively use probability and video shooting technology to obtain the distribution laws of particles.

This allowed Ming to save hundreds of years before entering the era of the Industrial Revolution.

Of course, Zhu Youjian did not prevent some curious people in China from refuting the natural laws he proposed, and even allowed them to correct their mistakes.

In itself, natural science is a process of continuous self-correction.

However, many researchers still conduct sacred studies based on the natural science theory proposed by Zhu Youjian.

They have often found that the theories advanced by the sacred teachings of kings are rarely wrong.

After Xu Yin was convinced that the positive and negative charges mentioned in the sacred science did exist and he also knew that different substances have different conductivity, he also began to manufacture copper-zinc primary batteries according to the sacred teaching.

This kind of primary battery is not difficult to manufacture. Dilute sulfuric acid is used as the electrolyte, and zinc is used as the negative electrode. At the same time, because the zinc is corroded by sulfuric acid, it undergoes a redox reaction with the hydrogen in the sulfuric acid, resulting in the gain and loss of electrons, thereby generating positive and negative charges.

Now Xu Yin has connected the tungsten wire to the copper-zinc primary battery, so that the copper-zinc primary battery forms a closed circuit, which leads to the generation of current, and the current gathers on the slender tungsten wire. The tungsten wire is too thin and has a high resistivity. , thus generating a large amount of heat and causing the orbital transition of tungsten electrons to release light energy.

Of course, Xu Yin still doesn't quite understand the electronic transition and why light energy is released during the electronic transition.

However, he knew that his experiment could indeed produce light from the tungsten filament, and it was very intense light.

Tungsten wire cannot be found. In ancient times, this thing was heavy stones outside the city. Daming also had a lot of tungsten mines, and tungsten is chemically stable, not easy to oxidize, and insoluble in strong acids such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Even the strongest acid, aqua regia, can Only the surface can be oxidized.

But because of this, he is also the best choice as a filament.

And it is easy to manufacture because of its good ductility.

Many inert metals, that is, metals that are not easy to be oxidized, have good ductility, such as gold and silver, which are often used to make various jewelry.

The same is true for tungsten. Any craftsman in Daming can make tungsten wire after careful hammering.

What Zhu Youjian sees now is a tungsten filament lamp made by Xu Yin using a copper-zinc primary battery combined with a tungsten filament.

"Your electric light is not bad. If people can use this to illuminate in the future, it will not only be brighter, but it will not cause fire easily without an open flame. But the cost of the battery is too high. Copper and zinc are not good, and sulfuric acid is not good. Ordinary people can afford it, and it’s too big.”

Zhu Youjian commented.

"Your Majesty, Wei Chen is also thinking of using other materials to make better batteries. For example, it is best to turn this dilute sulfuric acid into something solid or paste, and then use other cheap materials to replace copper. Those who do not participate in the function, he is just doing a positive charge storage function.”

Xu Yin said eloquently.

"It's not very difficult. You can find a fiber net and coat it with dilute sulfuric acid liquid, but I don't recommend using dilute sulfuric acid. Use ammonium chloride liquid. This cost is lower and the safety is higher. After coating the fiber net Wrapped with manganese dioxide, zinc will produce hydrogen after the reaction;

Hydrogen just reacts with manganese dioxide to avoid battery inflation and produce resistance that affects battery life. In addition, it is necessary to mix conductive things, such as the graphite used in the steelmaking of Daming Ordnance before;

Now that the technology of Daming Iron and Steel has been improved, graphite is not needed. Many graphite mines are wasteful. It is better to use it as a battery. In addition, a carbon rod is used instead of a copper rod to make the positive electrode. I will draw a picture for you, which is roughly this Model. "

(End of this chapter)