Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty

Chapter 587 New Educational Reform
This court discussion has been discussed for a long time.

In the end, the cabinet decided to establish a Beijing Normal School in the capital first according to the will of Emperor Chongzhen Zhu Youjian.

The purpose of establishing the Capital Normal School is naturally to train a group of teachers who can undertake the teaching tasks of new-style education.

These teachers need to be good at arithmetic, be proficient in the basic knowledge of various natural science subjects, or be familiar with money law, that is, economics.

Nowadays, such people can be regarded as one of the few talents in Daming.

And many of them hold important positions in government offices such as the Ministry of Households and the Ministry of Industry.

Therefore, the first thing the cabinet has to do is to transfer these talents from various government offices.

Fortunately, there were Daming Industrial School, Daming Army Military School, and Daming Shipbuilding School before.

These three universities have trained many people who are familiar with the algorithmic economy and the theoretical basis of natural science.

Based on these three schools, as well as some officials and students from the Daming Academy of Sciences, Daming Engineering Institute, Daming Ordnance Institute, and the Ministry of Households, the cabinet prepared the leadership and teacher team of the Beijing Normal School.

The Beijing Normal School is based on the on-the-job apprentices and craftsmen of the Daming Ordnance Institute, as well as some supervisors from the Imperial College as the first batch of students.

These people will be the first batch of students of the Beijing Normal School.

The total number of these students is about [-].

And will conduct three years of academic training at the Daming Capital Normal School.

After graduation, they will stay in the capital or be transferred to the local provinces to serve as teaching officials in new-style schools.

At the same time, the cabinet, adhering to Zhu Youjian's will, first encouraged the governors of each province to establish a number of new schools on their own.

The local governors will raise their own teachers, and they will find students according to the instructions of the imperial court.

Moreover, the scale and enthusiasm for establishing new schools will be the most important assessment for local officials.

All of a sudden, new schools in various provinces sprung up like mushrooms after rain.

In some local new-style schools, only the accountant teaches students how to calculate accounts.

Some are Feng Shui masters teaching students how to read geography and Feng Shui.

Most of the new schools were turned into vocational training institutions by local officials.

But Zhu Youjian didn't stop it. Isn't the new school just to cultivate useful students? After all, vocational training is also one of the goals of the new school.

In the capital, Song Yingxing, Fang Yizhi and other talents at the forefront of Ming science and technology are still compiling textbooks of various subjects and levels, especially those related to Gewu, chemistry, arithmetic, biology, geography, etc.

These knowledge points need to be sorted out and corrected by them based on their previous experimental laws and the sacred knowledge provided by Ming Emperor Zhu Youjian.

Finally, four months later, the first batch of special textbooks for students of various disciplines in the Ming Dynasty were released, and the first batch of students of the Jing Normal School had just entered the school, and the Jing Normal School was able to carry out other activities smoothly. new education.

Next, they have to arrange the annual teaching plans and teaching goals of schools at all levels.

Three years later, the first batch of students trained by the new-style education graduated successfully, and the cabinet sent them to other provinces in Beijing and other provinces and even prefectures and counties to serve as teaching officials at various levels.

Five years later, the new education reform of Ming Dynasty has begun to take shape and system.

Each county has a new-style elementary school, which, like the county school, recruits students for all social school children.

The elementary schools in each county have three grades. After graduation in the third year, those who are excellent in the examination are promoted to the higher school. The high school is also set up for three years.

Following the emergence of the Capital Normal School, in the third year, Daming established the Capital University.

At the same time, four normal schools were established in Nanjing, Shenyang, Chongqing and Xi'an.

In addition, in addition to the original Daming Industrial Academy, Daming Shipbuilding Academy, and Daming Army Military Academy, a group of [-] schools were established in Nanjing, Songjiang, Baoding, Shenyang, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Wuchang, Kunming, Taiyuan, Baoding, Suzhou, and Yangzhou. The comprehensive university hall is under the direct jurisdiction of the Ministry of Rites.

These four normal schools, the Beijing Normal School, the Beijing Normal University, and the comprehensive universities in the twelve places are all under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Rites, and the right servant of the School's Rituals and Liquor Offering Department is titled.

These colleges and universities can directly select students as Juren or even Jinshi. There is no limit to the number of students, but there are corresponding standards. The specific standards are determined by the colleges themselves and reported to the Ministry of Rites for approval.

The most important of these are the five colleges and universities of the Imperial University, the Daming Industrial Academy, the Daming Shipbuilding Academy, the Daming Army Military Academy, and the Imperial Normal Academy.

In the Jingshi University Hall, Song Yingxing, a cabinet minister and minister of the Ministry of Industry, personally served as the sacrificial wine. Fang Yizhi, who had the highest academic achievement, served as the director of the holy study, which is equivalent to the leader of science in later generations. Zhang Dai, who had the highest literary achievement, served as the secretary of literature. The leader of the liberal arts in later generations.

The scale of teachers is the strongest in Ming Dynasty, and the students are also the top students selected from higher schools in various provinces.

Daming Industry School is a place with a solid industrial foundation backed by the Daming Ordnance Institute, Tang Ruowang, Sun Heding, Sun Hedou and other top experts in the field of industry in the Ming Dynasty, and many teachers are already academicians of the Daming Academy of Engineering, so it can be regarded as the core base of Daming in the field of applied science .

The Daming Shipbuilding Academy is responsible for naval training and shipbuilding, and is unrivaled in the sea.

The Daming Army Military Academy is the highest military academy in the Ming Dynasty. Most of the middle and high-level generals in the Generalissimo's Mansion come from this school and its predecessor, the Huai'an Lecture Hall.

The Beijing Normal School is a representative of the field of teacher education, and Zhu Youjian dispatched Wang Fuzhi from the Generalissimo's Mansion to the Beijing Normal School, which also made the Beijing Normal School very different from traditional colleges such as the Imperial College.

The Guozijian already existed in name only, not to mention that the Beijing Guozijian was destroyed by the war, and the Nanjing Guozijian was even more in decline. Now it is just a temporary place for students to study for exams.

Once there was a vacancy for the officials of the Imperial College, Zhu Youjian refused to allow the cabinet to appoint and remove them again. As a result, some students who wanted to seek official positions by entering the Imperial College had to give up entering the Imperial College and transfer to a new-style school.

After all, many teachers in the new schools, especially the university halls, are high-ranking officials of the imperial court and even the favorites of His Majesty.

Not only that, Zhu Youjian also began to reduce the number of Jinshi and Juren in the subjects since the 25th year of Chongzhen. Citing insufficient financial resources, he ordered schools in various counties and even the Imperial College to reduce the number of places by half.

This will undoubtedly reduce the number of people who pass the imperial examination to become officials, and achieve the goal of gradually banning the imperial examination.

In addition, Zhu Youjian also stipulated that the students, recruiters, and Jinshi of the new-style schools were different from the imperial examination candidates. There was no tax-free land, only subsidies, which meant that the scholars and officials educated through the new-style education did not have the privileges of traditional gentry.

This can avoid the expansion of the gentry class.

But because of this, even though Zhu Youjian reduced the number of imperial examination candidates to only 100 candidates every three years, many people still chose to take the imperial examination first. Fortunately, Zhu Youjian limited the number of times they participated in county schools. As a result, many Mongolian children can only choose to enter the new school once they fail to attend the county school twice.

(End of this chapter)