Years of the Republic of China 1913

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From April 1914, the common people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang suddenly found that there were more and more new factories around them, especially in the surrounding areas of Shanghai*Shanghai, where factories seemed to pop up overnight.Even in Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi and other places, many traditional businessmen have built factories, and even some officials and eunuchs have invested funds in this sudden industrial boom.

From April to May, in just one month, more than 4 new factories were built nationwide, of which more than 5% were related to the textile industry, and the remaining food, chemical, machinery and other factories with high technical requirements were mainly concentrated in a few In big cities, such as Shanghai, there are dozens of match factories, dye factories, wine factories, fertilizer factories, etc.The establishment of these factories recruited a large number of workers, which greatly eased social conflicts, and because so many factories appeared, it also led to a large demand for raw materials.Among other things, in the textile industry alone, the demand for raw silk and cotton is almost dozens of times higher than before, causing the prices of such raw materials to soar in a short time, making the landlords and farmers who breed and grow such items dance happily .

The rise of industry has also brought prosperity to towns and cities. The areas where factories and large labor populations gather are bustling for a while. Service industries such as catering, service, transportation, postal services, and telegraphs have emerged one after another, and many new industries have emerged. business opportunities.

Due to Fang Zida's great success in the Shanghai Merchants Association and the ensuing industrial turmoil, Yuan Shikai, Song Jiaoren and others were ecstatic when they heard the news. After half a year of noise, it was finally released in mid-May 1914.The newly promulgated not only the first official constitution of the Republic of China, but also the preliminary civil law, commercial law, agricultural law, criminal law, etc. Among them, the commercial law was released first after the constitution because of Fang Zida. In this new commercial law, not only It stipulates the vigorous support for the country's development of industry and strengthening of national power for business, and also specially re-enacts the item about business tax.

Before the Republic of China, there were countless exorbitant and miscellaneous taxes in the Qing Dynasty, and the tax system formulated by the Qing Law Firm had long since become a piece of waste paper.Song Jiaoren is a Western constitutionalist. He has conducted detailed research on the taxation systems of various countries in the world, and constantly exchanged opinions with some experts and congressmen who are familiar with Western systems. A new system that focuses on commercial income tax and also includes circulation tax and personal income tax.At the same time, in the agricultural law, the government also made new regulations on agricultural tax, which greatly reduced agricultural tax to reduce the burden on landlords and farmers.

It can be said that in the new law, the starting point of the reform of the tax system is extremely good. Compared with the past, the implementation of the new system will definitely enable the country to operate normally and form an excellent hematopoietic system.Although in the short term, the new system will reduce part of the government's income, but once it is successfully implemented, it will take as little as three years and as much as five years. In the long run, there will be huge gains.

Of course, the effective results are not as simple as imagined.Although the Republic of China was united on the surface and the central yang constitutional system began to operate, the situation was not optimistic for the localities.In addition to the areas controlled by central yang, there are still many provinces that are still in a half-du state. Those so-called governors and governors are, to put it bluntly, the local emperors of one side. How zhong yang sets taxes is nothing to them at all. The barrel of the gun in their hands and the oil below them are what they value.It can be said that it is even more difficult to implement the New Deal in these places. Apart from other things, it is only Sichuan, Guizhou and other provinces. Collect taxes and raise soldiers in large numbers?Some counties have even taxed the country for 15 years. These situations are simply unbelievable.

Take Cai E, the famous governor of Yunnan, as an example. This revolutionary leader often chanted slogans loudly, and did these things secretly.Although he has stopped a little bit in his own territory of Yunnan, he has collected taxes more powerfully than anyone else in some of the territories he occupies, such as Sichuan and Guizhou.Tang Jiyao, who succeeded him, was even worse. The officers of the Dian Army under his command did all kinds of crimes to help Marshal Tang "find money" and even led troops to burn, kill and loot. They were denounced as "bandits" by the locals.

Even in the territory controlled by central yang, except for Zhili, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which are slightly better, the rest of the place is not very optimistic.Some veterans who had joined the Beiyang faction were not inferior to the revolutionaries in their land grabbing. Yuan Shikai and Song Jiaoren were also troubled by this, and wrote to ask Fang Zida for his opinion.Fang Zida thought for several days and wrote a long letter and sent it to Yuan Shikai and Song Jiaoren at the same time. In the letter, he first analyzed the complex situation in various places and the strength of each faction, and expounded his own views. He proposed to focus on governing Zhili, including Shandong and Anhui. And Jiangsu and Zhejiang, use the New Deal to form a sound system in these areas that are easy to implement, and temporarily put aside other places, such as Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, etc., and step up development in the Northeast to implement it together with the New Deal.

In the governing areas, establish sound police, taxation, and supervision departments at the same time, and vigorously develop agriculture, industry and commerce. As long as these areas are done well, it will be a victory.At the same time, the construction of the national army and the transformation of the National Defense Forces are important foundations. After these are completed, other aspects will inevitably follow.

Fang Zida's suggestion was approved by Zhong Yang, and at this time Yuan Shikai made an extremely surprising thing. As president, Xiang Xuan opposed Yuan Shikai during the Second Revolution, although he was not sentenced to prison, but now Being idle at home with no job, Yuan Shikai actually wanted to invite this person out, which surprised everyone. <Xuan was very famous. In the late Qing Dynasty, he and Yuan Shikai were called Nan Cen and Bei Yuan. Although there was friendship between the two, they were by no means friends.It can even be said that there are still deep conflicts between them. The aloof and proud Cen Xuan has a great advantage. He has planned to impeach more than 300 officials at one time, and get rid of the long-term abuses in the officialdom one by one.Cen Chunxuan only served as the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, impeached and dismissed more than 1400 lawless officials and dereliction of duty, which shocked the whole country, and was called "official massacre" for a while. <Xuanlai is indeed a good candidate to act as the Overwatch Council, and Lao Yuan's action has made the world see his heart.This was not only unexpected for most people, but also for Fang Zida, but after thinking about it carefully, he couldn't help but be overwhelmed by Yuan Shikai's move. <Xuan didn’t sell it at first, until Song Jiaoren, Xu Shichang and others came forward to intercede repeatedly, and moved Cen Xuan by putting the country first In Zhili and other places, nearly a hundred corrupt officials were arrested in one breath. For a while, the people shouted, "The official slaughter is coming again!" The officials who wanted to take advantage of the implementation of the New Deal were frightened, and the common people cheered Like thunder.

By June 1914, a large number of newly-built factories were officially put into operation one after another, and the new taxation gradually began to take effect.Moreover, there is a good supervision system, and the implementation of the New Deal is going very smoothly. On June 6th, there was another good news from the northwest, and Bai Lang, the leader of the Bai Lang Army who had been fleeing for many days, was finally killed in an encounter. After a lot of success, the rest dispersed. At this point, the problem of Bai Lang, which had plagued Zhong Yang for nearly a year, was finally resolved.

All over the country, members of KMT including Song Jiaoren are excited about the good prospects of the country's rapid development. At the same time, Fang Zida, who is far away in Shanghai*Shanghai, is not as relaxed as they are.Because he knew very well that a storm sweeping the world was about to come, and the young Republic of China would face a huge choice. Once it took a wrong step, the consequences would be disastrous.