The videos I watched became popular in ancient times

Chapter 238 The Second Opium War

During the Taiping Rebellion, ancient people from various dynasties also noticed what the anchor said.

That is, the British and French forces took advantage of the civil strife in the Qing Dynasty to launch the Second Opium War and burned down the Old Summer Palace.

Ancient people from all dynasties knew very well about the Old Summer Palace. There are countless rare treasures in the garden.

A video previously played on Tianmu, about cultural relics escaping from the British Museum, mentioned the looting of the Old Summer Palace by the British and French forces.

Now it seems that everything is right.

It was the British and French forces who launched the Second Opium War and looted the Old Summer Palace, taking away countless cultural relics and treasures.

In the late Qing Dynasty, not only was it severely damaged by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, but it was also robbed by the British and French powers.

Ancient people from various dynasties had no sympathy at all for what happened to the Qing Dynasty, but they only regretted that the Old Summer Palace was looted.

There are not only treasures from the Qing Dynasty in the Old Summer Palace, but also treasures passed down from their era.

"So the way the British thought of solving the decline in trade volume was to try to dismantle the self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy of the Qing Dynasty."

After thinking for a moment, he didn't understand the key because there was too little useful information.

Also an emperor in the late period, Chongzhen was able to die for his country in the face of foreign invasion.

"In October 1856, the Second Opium War broke out."

"It's strange that through the Treaty of Nanjing, Britain gained more free trade rights."

"The British actually know the causes of the problem, and they can be roughly summarized into three points."

"But why did the British and French forces give up after occupying Beijing and did not replace it with the Qing Dynasty?"

"Before this, Emperor Xianfeng fled to the Chengde Summer Resort in the name of hunting in the north, regardless of the safety of the country, the country, and the people, and directly abandoned the capital of the empire."

The British wanted to sell their domestic goods to the people of the Qing Dynasty, and then earn a lot of wealth from the Qing Dynasty.

Many people asked the anchor on the barrage about the specific situation of the Second Opium War. They wanted to know how the British and French forces snatched the rare treasures from the Old Summer Palace.

Based on the cowardly appearance of the Qing army on the battlefield, he did not believe that the Qing army had driven the British and French forces out of the capital.

As for the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, he simply abandoned the capital of the empire and fled.

"Opium took away the market share of other industrial products, so British businessmen just didn't sell opium."

Seeing everyone's enthusiasm, Su Chen agreed immediately. He also happened to be telling the story of his experience in the Second Opium War.

"No one bought British goods in the Qing Dynasty, so we should open more trading ports."

"However, the British government and British businessmen at the time were unwilling to give up the opium trade, and they were unwilling to adjust their production to cater to the Chinese market."

"What unscrupulous things did the British and French coalition forces do during these 50 days?"

"It stands to reason that Britain has so many business and trade privileges, coupled with the manufacturing cost advantage brought by the Industrial Revolution, British products should sweep the Chinese market. How come no one buys them?"

"In the following three years, relying on trade privileges, Britain's trade volume with China surged from 1842 pounds in 96 to 239 million pounds."

But what surprised him the most was that the British and French forces captured the capital, but why did they give up in the end?

"Also allow the British to live and send a consul."

"In Chinese history, every time the capital was occupied, it often meant a change of dynasty."

In such a comparison, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was far worse than the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

Ying Zheng: The emperor of the Qing Dynasty was too cowardly to abandon the country, the country, the country, and the safety of the people, and just abandoned the city and fled!

"Four years later, on October 1860, 10, the British and French forces captured Beijing."

"Second, China's market demand is different from Europe. For example, no one buys products such as knives and forks that are popular in Europe."

"First, Britain dumped a large amount of opium into China, and China's overall purchasing power has an upper limit."

"With all the above questions, the anchor will talk about the Second Opium War that broke out during the Taiping Rebellion. In fact, the Second Opium War was a continuation of the First Opium War."

"Then what can the British do to dismantle China's small-scale peasant economy? Obviously, it is to force the Qing government to further open the market by amending the treaty."

“When most of the silver in the hands of the Chinese was used to buy opium, there was naturally not much money left to buy other British industrial products.”

"On August 1842, 8, the Qing government and the British signed the Treaty of Nanjing."

“Through the Sino-British Humen Treaty signed in 1843, the UK gained consular jurisdiction, comprehensive most-favored-nation status, demarcated concessions, the ability for warships to dock at Chinese ports, and agreed tariffs and many other privileges.”

What he can currently see is the reason why the British and French forces launched the Second Opium War. The fundamental reason is that they fought for trade.

"From a business perspective, of these three reasons, except for the third one, the other two are easy to solve."

"However, the volume of British trade with China has been declining year by year since 1846. By 1854, the volume of British trade with China was only 58% of what it was when the Treaty of Nanjing was signed."

Now that their treasures are not left in the land of China, but are plundered and robbed by foreign countries, how can they feel better?

"According to the content of the treaty, the Qing Dynasty would open five trading ports including Guangzhou to the British."

"After that, Beijing was occupied by the British and French forces for more than 50 days."

"Chinese people's needs are different from Europeans. British businessmen can just adjust their product categories according to the characteristics of the Chinese market."

He couldn't help but shook his head, and couldn't help but sigh that the emperor of the Qing Dynasty could not compare with the emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

"Third, China's self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy has particularly strong resistance to foreign goods."

"By expanding the Chinese market, there will be more potential customers, and the trade volume will naturally increase."

"In March 1854, in order to expand the market, the ministers from Britain, France and the United States to China came to Guangzhou with a newly drafted treaty and asked Ye Mingchen, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, to sign the treaty."

"The general content of this new treaty is to require the Qing government to open more cities along the Yangtze River as treaty ports."

Liu Che: The Second Opium War was launched for economic gain.

He saw clearly that Britain traveled thousands of miles to come to the Qing Dynasty just to earn a lot of money from the Qing Dynasty.

It was not enough to expand the treaty ports in the First Opium War. In order to continue to gain profits, the Second Opium War was launched at the same time.

The reason why the Qing Dynasty gradually became a profit-making field for foreign countries is that the Qing Dynasty was too weak and could only be manipulated by foreign countries.

This gave him a deeper understanding of the importance of a strong country. The experience of the Qing Dynasty is a living example.

If you fall behind, you will be beaten. This is what he felt from the situation of the Qing Dynasty.

He secretly warned himself in his heart, always alerting himself, and must take warning, so as not to follow the footsteps of the Qing Dynasty one day in the future.

The living example is right in front of us. Not only him, but also the Liu clan must remember it from generation to generation.

But there was one thing he didn't understand: the Yangtze River coast and Guangzhou were thousands of miles apart.

Why are the ministers from Britain, France and the United States going to Guangzhou to find the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi to open the cities along the Yangtze River? Are they looking for the wrong person?
Not only Ying Zheng had this question, but many people in various dynasties also had the same doubt, but the anchor soon revealed the answer to everyone.

"You may have questions. Why do the great powers want to open more cities along the Yangtze River as treaty ports? Why should they approach the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi? Shouldn't they negotiate with the governor of Liangjiang?"

"This is because after the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing, Xu Guangjin, then governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, had a very tough attitude towards the British."

"Xu Guangjin did not fulfill his treaty commitments, such as allowing British businessmen to enter Guangzhou to do business."

"Whenever the British minister asked him to allow British merchants to enter Guangzhou, he refused on the grounds that the people in Guangzhou hated the British and he was not responsible for anything that happened."

"The British government at the time was at war, so it did not send troops to retaliate against the Qing Dynasty."

"After Emperor Daoguang learned about this matter, he believed that Xu Guangjin had outstanding abilities in promoting our country's prestige and defeating the arrogance of the British barbarians, so he handed over the foreign affairs management power in Tianjin and Liangjiang to Xu Guangjin."

"In September 1852, Xu Guangjin was transferred to Hunan to suppress the Taiping Army, and Ye Mingchen took over as the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi."

"Emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne as a new king and continued many of the old practices of the Daoguang Dynasty. He still handed over the power to handle foreign affairs in Shanghai, Nanjing and other places to the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi."

"So when the ministers of Britain, France and the United States requested to amend the treaty and open more cities along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as treaty ports."

"The minister responsible for handling this matter is not the Governor of Liangjiang, but the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Ye Mingchen."

"So how did Ye Mingchen handle this matter? Obviously with Xu Guangjin's example in front of him, he would naturally follow suit and refuse the request to amend the treaty by the ministers of Britain, France and the United States with a tough attitude."

"The ministers of the three countries were very angry when they saw that the negotiation failed to achieve the expected goals, so they changed the negotiation to Mingqiang."

"We arrived at Dagukou, Tianjin together on a warship and negotiated directly with Xianfeng."

"Faced with the threat of force from the Three Kingdoms, Xianfeng asked people to reply with some ambiguous nonsense."

"And asked the ministers of the three countries to return to Guangzhou to discuss with Ye Mingchen. I have already authorized him."

"Under normal circumstances, if the Qing government pushed back and forth like this, the ministers of the three countries must have directly ordered the warships to fire."

"However, because Britain and France were fighting the Crimean War with Tsarist Russia at the time, they had no troops to send."

"The United States also had the possibility of civil war because of the slavery issue and was unable to launch an expedition, so the treaty was shelved."

Li Shimin: The emperor of the Qing Dynasty was too arrogant and short-sighted. No wonder he was bullied so miserably by foreign countries.

Whether it was Emperor Daoguang or Emperor Xianfeng, the performance of these two emperors left him speechless.

He had never seen such a stupid emperor before, he acted like a coward.

Just because his ministers had a tough attitude towards the British, the Qing emperor thought that it would enhance our country's prestige and thwart the British arrogance.

This kind of behavior is simply stupid. Faced with the strength of the enemy, he still looks ignorant and arrogant. He deserves this disaster.

In the First Opium War, the enemy easily defeated the Qing army.

With such a huge disparity in strength, the Qing emperors did not work hard to become stronger.

They were completely unaware of the gap in strength between the two sides, and were still immersed in the dream of heaven and unwilling to wake up.

I don’t know how this kind of brainless emperor came to power.

Now the ministers of Britain, France and the United States have been delayed because of things and have no time to attack the Qing Dynasty, so they have shelved the negotiations to amend the treaty.

He didn't need to think about it to know that the emperor of the Qing Dynasty must be very proud and thought that he had scared off the enemy.

"Many officials in the capital court felt good about themselves after learning that the foreigners had returned in anger."

“They believed that the reason for the defeat was not because of how powerful Britain was, but because of its treacherous ministers who misled the country.

"Lin Zexu, who led the battle, was framed by traitorous officials, and his ambition was not fulfilled."

"Zhuhe's officials were greedy for life and fearful of death, and betrayed the country's interests, so that the Chinese army failed to display its strength on the battlefield."

"Now that the imperial court is politically clear, and Emperor Xianfeng is the Mingjun and the Holy Lord, he will surely beat up the foreign devils if there is another war."

"In short, previous defeats were all technical issues and can be adjusted."

"If we fight again, the outcome is still uncertain."

"In September 1856, civil strife broke out in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Yang Xiuqing, Wei Changhui and other high-level officials of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom were killed in the civil strife."

"Affected by the civil strife, the strength of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom has greatly declined."

"After learning the news, the Qing government applauded and Xianfeng was also full of longing for the future."

"However, before Xianfeng could be happy for two days, the British came to visit him again."

"In October 1856, the British Minister to China used the Arrow incident as an excuse to request a written apology from Ye Mingchen, the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi."

"And ensure that this kind of thing never happens again, otherwise the British Navy will take military action."

Xianfeng was so insulted by the anchor that he lost his face and his whole face immediately collapsed.

He didn't know the power of foreign forces at the beginning, but now he knows the power of the British and French coalition forces from the anchor's mouth.

It is not to blame that he misjudged the strength of the British and French coalition forces. The main reason was that he did not expect that the British and French coalition forces could break through the capital.

After all, Britain and France were far away in Europe, thousands of miles away from the Qing Dynasty, and the number of troops they sent was limited, only a few thousand.

Think about the Qing Dynasty, which has a vast land and abundant resources and hundreds of millions of people.

Under this situation, if the anchor hadn't told him the future historical direction, he would really not have believed that the British and French forces had captured the capital with these thousands of people.

At present, the main task of the Qing Dynasty is to destroy the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. It does not pay much attention to the British and French forces, but it allows the British and French forces to take advantage of the loophole.

Now looking at his misjudgment of the strength of the British and French allied forces, he looks like a clown, eager to find a crack in the ground to crawl into.

"The so-called Arrow incident, the causes and consequences are roughly like this."

"On October 1856, 10, the Yarrow, flying the British flag, anchored in Huangpu, Guangzhou."

"The Qing navy patrolling the river discovered that the Yarrow's license had expired for 11 days, so they boarded the ship to search and detained 12 Chinese sailors suspected of smuggling."

"The owner of the Yarrow is Chinese, but it is registered in Hong Kong and is protected by British law. The captain is also British."

"When the captain saw that the Qing army had taken away his crew, he immediately contacted the British Acting Consul in Guangzhou."

“After learning about it, the consul rushed to the scene and asked the Qing army to send the detained suspects to the British consulate for trial in accordance with the provisions of the Humen Treaty, and then extradite them to the Qing government at the discretion of British officials.” “The acting consul’s request is actually not excessive. , after all, that’s how the treaty was signed.”

"But because the Qing army did not know what the "Treaty of Humen" was or the content of the treaty, the British consul was slapped by the Qing army during the dispute with the Qing army."

"The acting consul was beaten, and the British government will naturally not let it go."

"When the British minister found out that the license of the Yarrow had expired, he thought that the Qing officials were ignorant and should not know this detail."

"They confused right and wrong and said that the Qing army searched British ships for no reason and tore up the British flag to protest against Ye Mingchen."

"Require Ye Mingchen to return the sailors, apologize to the British, and punish the Qing navy governor who boarded the ship to search."

"Ye Mingchen didn't understand anything. He ordered someone to investigate the ins and outs of the matter."

"It is believed that since the Yarrow's Hong Kong license has expired, it should no longer be protected by British law, and that the Qing army tore down the British flag is pure fabrication."

"So the final reply given by Ye Mingchen was to ensure that similar incidents would not happen again in the future, and that some sailors could be released, but he refused to apologize."

Zhao Kuangyin: Although the Qing Dynasty was reasonable in this matter, the enemy will not reason with you when your strength is inferior to others.

He saw clearly that the fault of the Yarrow incident lay with the British side, and there was nothing wrong with the Qing Dynasty's approach.

After all, the ship's license had expired. The British were at fault, and it was normal for the Qing Dynasty to detain the British crew.

This makes sense, but unfortunately, truth only exists between two forces with almost the same strength.

At this time, Britain's strength far exceeded that of the Qing Dynasty. Direct use of force was the best way. How could it still reason with the Qing Dynasty?

He didn't think anything of it. It was normal for the weak to prey on the strong.

In the process of establishing the Song Dynasty, he eliminated separatist forces one after another.

Just because he is stronger than other forces, there is no need to talk useless nonsense, he can just do it with real swords and guns.

"Seeing that Ye Mingchen did not apologize, the British simply stopped pretending and immediately sent troops to attack Guangzhou."

"On October 10, the British navy crossed Humen and invaded Guangzhou."

"Five days later, the British army invaded Guangzhou City and left after plundering the governor's office of Guangdong and Guangxi."

"The governor's office was looted. Wasn't Ye Mingchen captured by the British army?"

"No, Ye Mingchen was not captured this time. He was not in the governor's office at the time."

"When the British army attacked the city, Ye Mingchen was unable to resist, so he had to ask for help from Bodhisattva for protection."

"When the British army looted the governor's office of Guangdong and Guangxi, Ye Mingchen happened to go to the temple to offer incense and was lucky enough to escape."

"Afterwards, when Ye Mingchen saw the British troops withdrawing, he shouted that he was very lucky and thanked Bodhisattva for his blessing."

"On the one hand, he sent people to report the victory to the imperial court, saying that he had commanded well, killing and wounding 700 or 800 enemy troops, and had forced the British and barbarians to retreat."

"During the First Opium War, the Qing army killed and injured a total of 523 British soldiers."

"Now in this small-scale battle, Ye Mingchen dared to report that he had wiped out seven or eight hundred enemies."

"Which normal person would believe this kind of seriously watered-down battle report?"

"Unless you are a fool, and Xianfeng happens to be this fool."

"On December 12, Emperor Xianfeng received the memorial, and his first reaction was great joy."

"Then he immediately issued an edict to Ye Mingchen that seems very speechless today."

"The general meaning is that there is no need to pursue, and save some face for the British. We are a country of heaven, so we must be magnanimous. The adults will not remember the faults of the villains."

"Local officials lost the battle but reported victory to their superiors. The emperor not only knew nothing about the actual situation, but also regarded himself as the king of a great country. How could such an absurd court not be violently beaten by the foreign powers?"

Zhu Yuanzhang: The Qing Dynasty is rotten to the core, and its demise is not far away.

In just five days, the enemy captured Guangzhou City and looted the Yamen of the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi.

Guangzhou City was also a large city with a high defensive strength, but it fell so easily, which shows how weak the Qing Dynasty's military strength was at that time.

What's even more outrageous is that a feudal official obviously lost the battle, but lied about a victory.

It can be seen that the officials in the late Qing Dynasty were rotten to the core.

What is even more ironic is that a dignified emperor was kept in the dark by his ministers and had no idea of ​​the truth of the matter.

In this way, the ignorant and arrogant emperor ruled the Qing Empire, and the empire's collapse was bound to happen sooner or later.

The experiences of the Qing Dynasty constantly alerted him and made him increasingly wary of European countries.

In the near future, his Ming Dynasty will also compete with European countries, so we must not be arrogant.

"After some debate, the British Parliament decided to send more troops to East Asia and expand the scale of the war against the Qing Dynasty."

"Before the British reinforcements arrived, Ye Mingchen saw that the British army had not moved for more than half a year, so he asked the emperor for credit again."

"He said that he has attacked the British and foreigners many times for more than half a year, destroyed many of the British and foreigners' ships, and killed countless British and foreigners. Now the foreign devils no longer dare to come."

"However, when Ye Mingchen was still obsessed with the illusion of a great victory he had constructed, the British army and the French army attacked Guangzhou in a fierce manner."

"France in the mid-19th century was like a follower of Britain."

"Previously, when Britain wanted to attack Tsarist Russia, the French Emperor Napoleon III sent 30 troops, and he followed the British in sending troops."

"We lost 95000 people and won the Crimean War."

"Now that Britain wants to attack the Qing Dynasty, France is sending troops to follow suit."

"However, the British and French coalition forces did not need hundreds of thousands of troops to defeat the Qing Dynasty. This time, the British and French coalition forces only dispatched 5700 people, but only more than 5000 people were enough to deal with the Qing Dynasty."

"After the siege began, more than 5,000 British and French troops captured Guangzhou in just one day."

"But the Bodhisattva did not bless Ye Mingchen again this time. After the city was broken, Ye Mingchen was captured alive by the British and French forces and escorted to India by the British army."

"Afterwards, the news reached the capital, and Xianfeng felt baffled when he learned that Ye Mingchen had been kidnapped."

"Didn't you say that the foreign devils were beaten away by Ye Mingchen?"

"Didn't it mean that the British, foreign, and French were beaten by Ye Mingchen so that they did not dare to attack our Qing Dynasty again?"

"Why did Guangzhou fall suddenly? Ye Mingchen was captured?"

"Who can tell me what is going on?"

"More than ten days later, Xianfeng finally understood the true situation and felt that he had been deceived. He then furiously ordered Ye Mingchen to be dismissed and deprived of all honors."

"Ye Mingchen was so ashamed after learning that Xianfeng punished him, and finally died in a foreign country in 1859."

Ancient people from all dynasties couldn't help but secretly exclaimed, gasped, and some couldn't believe their ears.

The anchor just now said that the British and French forces only dispatched more than 5,000 people and captured Guangzhou in just one day.

This made everyone say it was unbelievable, and some couldn't believe that the enemy had dispatched so few troops.

After Guangzhou was captured, no one had a strong reaction. What really shocked everyone was that the British and French forces relied on more than 5,000 people to capture the capital.

Everyone knew that the British and French forces sacked the Old Summer Palace, and they thought there were more than 100,000 British and French forces.

Even if there are not more than 100,000 people, there must be at least tens of thousands of people. I never expected that only a few thousand people could break through the capital.

You must know that the capital is the capital of the Qing Empire and the most important place in the Qing Dynasty. It must be protected by heavy troops.

But such an important capital city was captured by the enemy with only five thousand troops. This is simply incredible.

Until this moment, ancient people from all dynasties deeply felt the strength of the British and French coalition forces.

"Ye Mingchen's experience can be said to be the epitome of the Qing Dynasty, if viewed by the standards of traditional scholar-bureaucrats."

"Ye Mingchen's qualities are not bad. He is good at managing money, knows people well, and still maintains his integrity even after being captured by the British army. He never surrenders."

"If he had been born hundreds of years earlier, he would have been a famous minister, but in the late Qing Dynasty he could only be regarded as a buffoon."

"The same is true for the Qing Dynasty. If we look at the standards of ancient dynasties, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty have understood the art of autocratic rule, and they can be regarded as the master of all dynasties."

"But it is a pity that when it encountered the Western powers, the Qing Dynasty became nothing. This contrast can only be said to be that times have changed."

"While the rulers of the Qing Dynasty stuck to their old ways and celebrated victory on the old track, the West at the same time had entered a new track."

"This kind of misaligned development is like a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty who memorized the Four Books and Five Classics by heart and was confidently preparing to take part in the imperial examination and get the top prize."

"But I found that the imperial court had abolished the imperial examination. Instead of taking the test on the Four Books and Five Classics, it replaced the test on mathematics, physics and chemistry."

"After the British and French forces captured Guangzhou, they sent representatives to Shanghai to send a note to He Guiqing, the governor of the two rivers east of the Yangtze River, putting forward their respective demands and waiting for Xianfeng to send people to negotiate."

"But the British and French representatives waited for several days, just waiting for a reply from He Guiqing asking them to return to Guangzhou."

"Seeing that the Qing government did not want to negotiate, the British and French forces immediately went north to Tianjin, preparing to negotiate directly with Xianfeng."

"In April 1858, the British and French ministers led warships to the entrance of Dagu."

"At the same time, the ministers of Tsarist Russia and the United States also joined the British and French forces on their own warships, preparing to take advantage of the situation."

"Of course, taking advantage of the situation is what we say. According to the words of the US and Russian ministers, they are here to act as mediators."

Yongzheng: Yes! Times have changed, and the Qing Dynasty can no longer stick to the old rules, otherwise it will repeat the tragedies of history.

If you want to say who has the most complicated mood, it belongs to him.

He took over a devastated Qing Dynasty from his father, and implemented a series of reforms that gradually improved the Qing Dynasty.

Nowadays, the reform is very successful, the Qing Dynasty's national power is booming, and everything is moving in the right direction.

It is no exaggeration to say that he single-handedly brought the Qing Empire to its peak.

But before he could breathe a sigh of relief, he learned that the Qing Dynasty was easily crushed by the British and French forces in the late Qing Dynasty.

This made him feel very uncomfortable. He had worked hard all his life and made the Qing Dynasty's national power soar. It all seemed like a joke.

But now is not the time to feel sorry for himself. He knows that changes must be made, otherwise sooner or later the Western countries will come over.

"On April 4, the U.S. envoy responsible for mediation presented Xianfeng with a personal letter from the then U.S. President."

"The original text of the letter was in English. The messenger knew that Xianfeng could not understand it, so he translated it into Chinese in advance."

"The letter begins as follows: I am selecting a capable man with lofty ideals, whose surname is Lie and whose name is William, to serve as a plenipotentiary minister of the United States of America."

"After Xianfeng read the letter, before he could read the letter, he became furious when he saw the word "I" at the beginning."

"The barbarian king dares to call himself me. He is really arrogant. He is so angry that he will stop talking and start a fight."

"The governor of Zhili, the admiral of Zhili, the commander-in-chief of Tianjin Town, and the commander-in-chief of Shanhaiguan all went to Dagukou, Tianjin to resist the enemy."

"Seeing that Xianfeng did not want to negotiate, the British and French forces, which had no intention of negotiating at first, immediately began to prepare for war."

"At 1858 o'clock in the morning on May 5, 20, the battle started. The British and French forces launched an attack and captured the Dagukou Fort in Tianjin in just two hours."

"After learning that the Dagukou Fort had fallen, Xianfeng's attitude immediately made a 180-degree turn."

"Immediately appointed Guiliang, a scholar of Dongge University, and the Minister of Civil Affairs as imperial envoys, and rushed to Tianjin to negotiate peace."

"After the two were summoned to leave Beijing, Xianfeng was worried that they had no diplomatic experience and would be manipulated by the British and French negotiators, so he appointed Qi Ying, who signed the Treaty of Nanjing, as deputy envoy to go to Tianjin for negotiations."

"Before being recruited by Xianfeng, Qi Ying was dismissed from his post and imprisoned by Xianfeng's order because of a fight in the court."

"Qi Ying was very happy to be reactivated this time and exclaimed that she had turned over."

"However, Qi Ying was not happy for long, and the British representative gave him a slap in the face."

"During the occupation of Guangzhou, the British and French forces seized a large number of archives."

"When the British army discovered the First Opium War, Qi Ying repeatedly deceived his superiors and deceived his subordinates. When reporting to the court, he did not truthfully report Britain's negotiation requirements to Emperor Daoguang."

"So when Qi Ying came to take advantage of the opportunity, he was rejected directly. The British representative refused to negotiate with him."

"When things were exposed, Qi Ying was in panic all day long."

"Soon after, Xianfeng also found out about this and ordered the death of Qi Ying, the only person with rich negotiation experience in the Qing court at this time."

Ancient people from all dynasties despised Xianfeng, and he did not look like the leader of a country at all.

Enemies are coming to your door, so you have to read the letter no matter what, so you know what's inside.

It would be too childish to start a war just because of a title issue.

What's even more ridiculous is that it only took the enemy two hours to conquer Tianjin.

The stubborn Xianfeng was knocked down in one fell swoop and had to give in. His previous toughness was somewhat ironic.

But you don’t need to think about it to know that even if you send people to negotiate, the negotiations will definitely break down in the end, otherwise there will be no subsequent catastrophe of the Old Summer Palace.

(End of this chapter)