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Chapter 190 Tian Khan

Yang Jian could not understand the agricultural tax policy of later generations mentioned by the anchor. He could not imagine it at all.

Not only are there no agricultural taxes, but farmers are even subsidized for farming.

In his opinion, this was somewhat fanciful.

The only explanation is that the commerce of later generations was very developed, so that commercial taxes could be used to afford land subsidies for farmers.

In order to promote the development of industry and commerce in the Sui Dynasty, he completely abolished commercial taxes.

But the practices of later generations made him wonder, is the prospect of commercial tax really so good?

At this moment, he couldn't help but feel a little excited. Maybe he should pay attention to commercial tax.

The reason why he ordered the abolition of commercial tax was because he didn't have much money in commercial tax, and he didn't care about the mosquito meat at all.

Therefore, he simply abolished the commercial tax, which can also promote the development of business.

But now, with the comparison of later generations, he feels that he can focus on commercial taxes.

Perhaps with the development of industry and commerce, commercial taxes could become one of the main sources of the imperial government's finances.

However, this is not an opportunity yet. We need to wait a few years to see the development of industry and commerce before making a decision.

"In addition to his political and economic contributions, Yang Jian also made major changes in the military, which was the reform of the military system."

"In the past Fubing system, Fubing was an independent military household, and family members lived in military quarters with the military camp, which was different from ordinary civilian households."

"Yang Jian reformed the military system and converted the military households of soldiers and their families into civilian households. Soldiers and their families must receive land in accordance with the land equalization law."

"In peacetime, soldiers cultivate the land and conduct daily training under the leadership of the general."

"When a war breaks out, the imperial court will send other generals to gather soldiers from various places and go out to fight."

"The unification of the military and civilians is a major reform in the history of the development of the military system."

"Hiding troops among the people not only saves the country's military expenditures, but also prevents the generals from becoming self-reliant."

Many dynasties implemented the Fu army system, so everyone is very familiar with the Fu army system.

Some people highly praise the Fubing system, but there are also many knowledgeable people who have seen some flaws of the Fubing system.

Li Shimin: The biggest advantage of the government army system is that it can build a stable army. The second is that it has a strict selection system to ensure that the soldiers in the army are elite divisions that have undergone rigorous training and assessment.

Under the government army system, each state and county has a government, ensuring that the army in each state and county is relatively stable.

They can be quickly mobilized when Datang needs it and contribute to the safety and stability of Datang.

Wang Anshi: Although the government army system has good advantages, it also has a shortcoming, which is the oppression and exploitation of the people.

The army of each state and county needs to recruit a certain number of men, and these men are often recruited from the local people.

It is precisely because of this recruitment method that it often causes certain troubles and impacts on people's lives.

"Yang Jian also formulated corresponding measures in ethnic policy. He adopted an ethnic policy of separating the strong from the weak and combining kindness and power against the Turks who were a greater threat. He adopted an ethnic policy focusing on peace in the Western Regions. He also adopted an ethnic policy focusing on peace in the Western Regions. With the foreign races north of Guanzhong, we adopt a tolerant policy of conquering others with virtue."

"Yang Jian's attack on the Turks in the north suppressed the arrogance of the nomadic empire, and at the same time stabilized the situation in East Asia, laying a solid foundation for the development of the Sui Dynasty and even the stable development of later generations."

"After Yang Jian's efforts to sow discord and military strikes, the Turks split into two parts, the DTZ and the Western Turks."

"DTZ Khan surrendered and gave Yang Jian the honorific title 'Saint Khan', which means a sage monarch."

"Yang Jian was the emperor of the Sui Dynasty and the nominal monarch of the Turks. He was the first example of a Chinese emperor and a foreign monarch."

"The ethnic policies implemented by Yang Jian are of the nature of ethnic oppression to a certain extent, but this negativity is unavoidable in the context of feudal privileges."

"On the whole, Yang Jian's ethnic policies were conducive to the political, economic and cultural development of the early Sui Dynasty, and promoted economic and cultural exchanges among various ethnic groups, which was in the interests of the people."

Liu Che: He can actually serve as the leader of a foreign tribe. Yang Jian's military achievements should not be underestimated. It would be great if I could also serve as the chief chanyu of the Xiongnu.

Yang Jian's military achievements made him envious.

The Han people have been fighting with the Xiongnu for decades. They have been fighting since the founding of the Han Dynasty and have been fighting until now.

If he could conquer the Xiongnu and make a great Chan Yu Dangdang, just thinking about it would make him proud.

However, he also knew that it was very difficult. It was already very difficult to defeat the Huns, and it was even more difficult to completely conquer the Huns.

Yang Jian's title of Khan greatly stimulated the emperors of the Song Dynasty and made them envious.

Even ordinary people are extremely sad and uncomfortable, and their aggrievedness cannot be expressed in words.

Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty could beat the foreign tribes to surrender, and he was even willing to let Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty become the khan leader of their Turks.

But their emperor of the Song Dynasty...

When they thought of the Song Dynasty humiliating so many coins to foreigners every year for the sake of peace, they felt aggrieved as the people of the Song Dynasty.

"Yang Jian also made many contributions in the cultural aspect, such as the most important strategy of restoring the Han Dynasty."

“In the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou dynasties, the upper class nobles were once keen on Xianbei and Huhua.”

"Yang Jian's father, Yang Zhong, was given the surname Hu Pu Liuru because of his meritorious service in assisting Yu Wentai. After Yang Jian came to power, he immediately restored his Han surname and immediately began to promote Chineseization."

"Due to hundreds of years of melee, most of the cultural classics of the Spring and Autumn and Han Dynasties were burned or lost due to war."

"Yang Jian issued an order to solicit books from all over the country, and rewarded each book with a piece of silk. It can be said that Yang Jian played an important role in the development and inheritance of Han culture."

"The collection of books in the Sui Dynasty was the largest in China's history. The Sui Dynasty had the largest collection of 37 volumes and more than 77000 categories of books."

Liu Che: Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty did a good job in restoring the Han Dynasty. The reputation of the Han Dynasty that I finally built with great difficulty must not be lost.

He worked hard to fight against foreigners just to create a sense of dignity so that future generations would no longer be bullied by foreigners.

But when he heard that the aristocrats of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty actually gave up their identity as Han people and were keen on learning foreign things, he became very angry.

Fortunately, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty stopped all this in time, allowing Han culture to continue without cutting off the inheritance.

Scholars from all dynasties expressed their sincere admiration for Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty for his ability to perpetuate Han culture.

In particular, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty searched for books all over the country and tried his best to inherit Han cultural classics, which was unanimously recognized by scholars in all dynasties.

Cultural classics are the foundation for the continuation of a nation, and its importance can be imagined.

Once there are no classics, the entire culture will suffer a devastating blow. So from this aspect, as a scholar, I should express my gratitude to Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty.

"Yang Jian's cultural contribution also lies in the revival of Buddhism, which greatly promoted the development of Buddhist culture."

"At the beginning of the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, Yang Jian began a series of large-scale measures to revive Buddhism, including saving monks, building temples, creating statues, and writing scriptures."

"Yang Jian's comprehensive revival of Buddhism was motivated not only by his personal beliefs, but also by social and historical reasons."

"Emperor Wu of Zhou used administrative means to forcibly suppress Buddhism, which inevitably aroused dissatisfaction among believers and often aroused stronger religious feelings among believers."

"Yang Jian issued an edict to the world, fully supported and revived Buddhism, and called the refugees to return to their land to cultivate crops. This was very beneficial to the Sui Dynasty in winning the hearts and minds of the people and consolidating its rule."

"Buddhism in the Sui Dynasty developed rapidly with Yang Jian's strong support, which made folk Buddhism extremely prosperous, Buddhist culture and art developed vigorously, and Buddhist culture was promoted to surrounding neighboring countries."

Xuanzang: The reason why Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty was so prosperous was thanks to the solid foundation laid by Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty. Otherwise, there would be no poor monks traveling westward today.

Xuanzang, who was on his way to Xitian, felt this most deeply, starting from the Sui Dynasty and continuing to the present-day Tang Dynasty.

Buddhism has been developing rapidly among the people, and now it is extremely prosperous.

The development of Buddhist culture was so good, in addition to its own efforts, it was also inseparable from the strong support of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty.

It was precisely because of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty's unsparing support that the people of the world supported Buddhism and allowed Buddhist culture to flourish.

He has made up his mind that when he returns from his journey to the west to obtain Buddhist scriptures, in addition to promoting the development of Buddhist culture in the Tang Dynasty, he will also vigorously promote the spread of Buddhist culture to surrounding countries so that the light of Buddha can shine on all living beings in the surrounding countries.

Zhu Yuanzhang: As an emperor of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty vigorously developed Buddhism and made Buddhism more influential. This was extremely unwise.

He knew some of Yang Jian's past and knew that Yang Jian had been a monk in a temple when he was young.

Perhaps it was out of this consideration that after Yang Jian changed dynasties, he used the whole country to develop Buddhism, making folk Buddhism extremely prosperous.

He strongly disagreed with the idea that an emperor promoted the great development of Buddhism. In his view, this meant assigning imperial power to those monks.

He had also been a monk before starting the army, but he did not expect to vigorously develop Buddhism after becoming emperor.

The influence of Buddhism has grown, which is extremely detrimental to dynastic rule.

Besides, if the common people all go to worship Buddha and seek scriptures, and they all want to become monks, then no one will be engaged in production.

"As mentioned above, none of it is actually Yang Jian's greatest achievement."

"Many people in later generations believe that the most important reason why Yang Jian is qualified to become an emperor throughout the ages is that Yang Jian created the imperial examination system that lasted for thousands of years."

"Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the nine-grade Zhongzheng system has been the standard for the selection of officials. The selection of officials mostly focuses on family background."

"Yang Jian believed that the nine-rank Zhongzheng system had serious disadvantages, so he abolished the nine-rank Zhongzheng system and implemented the imperial examination system, using the imperial examination results as the standard for the selection of officials."

“Under the imperial examination system, when selecting officials, talent and learning were more important than family status.”

"It provided a fairer way for intellectuals among the common people to participate in government affairs, and at the same time expanded the class basis of feudal rule."

"Although the imperial examination system in the Sui Dynasty was in its infancy and incomplete stage, it did not completely change the situation in which powerful families controlled political power at all levels."

"But the official selection system in ancient China changed from the Sui Dynasty. From the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the late Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination system lasted for 1300 years and had a great impact on the feudal rule of the past dynasties."

Zhang Juzheng: The imperial examination system is indeed the greatest achievement of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, even greater than his achievement in founding the Sui Dynasty. I am able to become the chief minister of the Ming Dynasty today, thanks to the imperial examination initiated by Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty.

As a scholar, he naturally understood the importance of the imperial examination system.

Not only him, but every scholar in the world should be grateful to Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty.

It is precisely because of the imperial examination that scholars all over the world have the opportunity to gain fame.

The imperial examination system has been around for thousands of years since the Ming Dynasty, and it has profoundly affected all dynasties. I don’t know how many famous officials have stood out because of the imperial examination.

Compared with the Sui Dynasty established by Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, the imperial examination system initiated by Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty had greater influence, and so did its historical achievements.

Although the imperial examination system of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was still very crude, it could not be compared with the more mature imperial examination system of the Ming Dynasty.

But no matter how imperfect it is, there is no doubt that Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty initiated the imperial examination system.

From the perspective of the imperial examination system alone, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty still met the threshold of being an emperor throughout the ages.

Regardless of whether scholars from the Sui and Tang dynasties praised or criticized Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, they could not deny the merits of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty in creating the imperial examination system.

The vast majority of scholars, whose family background is mediocre, hope to gain fame and honor their ancestors.

Therefore, whether it is based on the historical achievements of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty or the self-interests of their scholars, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty deserves their respect.

Countless people were envious of the dynasties before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and they also hoped that their dynasties could have imperial examinations.

Especially for scholars from poor backgrounds, they need the imperial examination to realize their ideals and ambitions.

In the era they lived in, the rulers selected officials by recommendation, not by a more fair and just imperial examination.

Although the recommendation methods are eclectic in recruiting talents, there are no restrictions on origin or background.

But whether a talent can be discovered depends entirely on the officials with recommendation power across the country.

These officials often colluded with the local nobles, and the recommended quotas were completely occupied by officials' children, and there was no share for ordinary scholars at all.

However, the imperial examination system implemented after the Sui and Tang Dynasties selected talents and officials based on regular subject examinations based on their scores. It was a fair and equitable selection mechanism in which those who excel in learning will become officials.

The imperial examination opened up an official channel for equal competition and upward mobility for ordinary scholars like them.

They hoped that His Majesty the Emperor could adopt the imperial examination system to provide ordinary people like them with an opportunity to serve the imperial court.

In the fair and just imperial examination, if they still lost to those officials' children.

Then they have nothing to say and are convinced of their defeat.

But the current situation does not make them willing to accept it. Those dudes rely on the power of their families to firmly control the officialdom and do not give ordinary people a chance. How can they be convinced.

But what these scholars didn't know was that the emperor of their dynasty was already preparing for this matter.

I believe that it won’t be long before the imperial examinations belonging to their dynasty will be promulgated throughout the world.

(End of this chapter)