As long as the wages are in place, all champions will be crushed to pieces

Chapter 190 Look, the bottom lane really doesn’t play like a dog.

The 12-hour journey tortured Li Fan almost to death. If he hadn't officially signed the contract yet, he would have spent his own money to upgrade to a first-class cabin.

After landing, the first thing I did was run to the hotel to catch up on jet lag. Fortunately, they were a group of young people and their bodies could still bear it. After landing, they basically recovered after a good sleep.

Since this time the competition is based on the competition area, everyone still attaches great importance to it.

No one wants to be harassed by netizens when the New Year is approaching and they come to the lounge prepared by Riot Games. This time, the coach selected by the LPL division is Hongmi.

The coaching staff of the LPL is basically a grassroots team, and there are not many normal coaching staffs. A capable normal coaching staff like Hongmi is even more outstanding.

"I guess you haven't touched the game much during this period, right? Let's have a meeting first to explain to you the latest version trends, so that you can have a direction for your training." Hongmi distributed the prepared information to everyone.

When he came to Li Fan, he took a special look at Li Fan. Redmi had officially signed a contract with JD.com. Naturally, Lan Baiqing would not hide from him that the team had signed Li Fan.

Actually, Hongmi doesn't really like to coach players who are already successful, that is, big-name players who have already achieved results.

Fortunately, in South Korea, the head coach has supreme authority, and there is also a junior system for special national conditions. No matter how big-name players are, they have to be obedient. Did Lee Sang Hyuk ever refute the deduction? ?

But LPL is different.

Hongmi knows this very well. Not to mention a player who has become famous and won many championship honors, a newcomer who has a little talent and played a few good games on the court and left a few highlight performances is praised by the fans. He can play a big role, but he suffered such a loss in VG.

This WE team is similar. After winning the spring championship, didn't Kandi change?
Not to mention that Li Feifan is a special case among special cases. He has already won all the honors he can get in just half a year after his debut. In the LPL competition, players like Li Feifan have special privileges. If the head coach dares to conflict with him, then Just get out.

If it hadn’t signed a contract with JD.com in advance, Redmi would have even considered rejecting JD.com.

Fortunately, he went to Mafa to find out more about the situation. He felt better after knowing that Li Feifan was not a thorny character, so he thought of taking advantage of this All-Star Game to take a closer look at him.

Li Feifan took the information, which contained detailed changes to the version and notes on some key heroes.

"The first is the runes and talent system. This All-Star Game is running version 7.23, and in the 7.22 S8 pre-season patch, Riot has made subversive adjustments to the runes." Redmi quickly got to work. The status began to be explained to the team members.

In fact, from the moment the S8 version is updated, it can be announced that League of Legends has officially entered the 2.0 era.

All talent trees and runes have been deleted, replaced by a unique rune recasting system.

Actually understandable.

To reach the full talent tree, you have to upgrade to level 30, and the runes are even more torturous. If you can't get a set of level 3 runes together, you'll have one less basic attribute than your opponent.

Riot's goal is very clear. It should take advantage of the peak of traffic to remove some game barriers so that more players can join the game, instead of being directly persuaded to leave on the road of upgrading and collecting runes. , can also be seen as a concession to adapt to the fast pace of life.

This change has both good and bad qualities.

It is definitely a positive change for the game, allowing it to absorb more fresh blood.

But for veteran players, they will feel like they have been "stabbed in the back". After all, they have been caught in the rain, so they don't want others to bring umbrellas, and they also want others to get caught in the rain together.

Besides, the combination of the rune system is quite fun. For example, heroes like Leopard Girl and Kennen have a double penetration rune, and cards and Ryze have movement speed runes, and Raven can bring violent pure penetration. A, wait...

Now that everyone's entry attributes are the same, you can't use runes to trick others, but it will test the players' laning details even more.

Especially in the solo lane, if you couldn't beat it before, you could bring more armor and magic resistance, but now? ?
With the same attributes, if you are not good at lane details, you will not be able to beat others.

This is also a change for League of Legends to become more of a fighting game. If someone catches a mistake, it could become extremely fatal.

"Let's look at the rune changes first. Now the runes are divided into 5 series. Each series of runes has three ultimate talents. Now we just choose a main series and a secondary series."

The precision system (powerful attack, fatal rhythm, swift pace) is the main system, and the bonus is an 18% increase in attack speed.

As the main system, the Domination system (Electrocution, Predator, Dark Harvest) will provide an adaptive bonus of 11 points of attack power or 18 points of spell power.

With the witchcraft system (Alley, Arcane Comet, and Phase Rush) as the main system, the character will receive an adaptive bonus of 15 points in attack or 25 points in spell power.

The Resolve system (Grasp of the Immortal, Aftershock, Guardian), as the main system, can give the hero a 130-point health bonus.

As the main system, the Enlightenment system (Unsealed Secrets, Glacier Amplification and Stealing Omen) will provide an additional 20% potion duration extension, and then depending on the secondary system talent selected, you will gain health, adaptive power and attack speed respectively. .

In fact, it is to integrate and modify the ultimate talents in the previous talent tree, and then add some new talent effects.

For example, [Swift Step] is actually the previous [War Lord's Bloodthirst], [Electrocution] is [Thunder Lord's Decree], [Phase Rush] is [Storm Knight's Surge]...

Among the five series of talents, because the ultimate talent of the Enlightenment series cannot directly increase combat effectiveness, a little compensation is made in the initial attributes in order to comprehensively balance the strength.

"I did a little statistics on the talent selections in the previous ranking rounds. The strength of [Summon: Ai Li] is too outrageous, which also makes the witchcraft system particularly strong as the main talent."

It can give the most attack power and magic power enhancement by itself.

而艾黎在7.22刚刚出来的版本里面基于等级提供20-60点基础伤害，并且带有0.1AP和0.15AD的数值增长。

What concept?
[Summon: Alley] can be triggered by normal attack, and the CD is still very short. The cost of laning makes you invincible. If you can't throw your skills accurately, you won't be avoided by others if you are even with A, right?
In League of Legends, there is no dodge or height difference that causes misses.

"However, Riot has been weakened in 7.23, but this has led to the rise of another talent in the witchcraft department, which is [Arcane Comet]. The main reason is the deletion of runes, which has led to the reduction of the basic panels of all heroes. This This has led to the rise of these highly consuming talents.”

"Although Riot has added some basic panels to all heroes in order to compensate for the loss of attributes, the added panels are definitely incomparable to the panels that we used to match runes with. As a result, our bodies are still much weaker than before. This can be regarded as a key weakening for this World Championship. After all, Riot does not want to see the situation where the fragile C position can play stand-up with others."

This caused everyone to burst into laughter. The version of the Incense Burner Monster in the S7 World Championship was indeed outrageous...

Redmi also analyzes in great detail.

When there were runes in the past, you could choose the corresponding resistance according to the main damage attributes of the enemies in the line. In this way, choosing runes in a targeted way can make you more powerful and have higher fault tolerance during the line. Come and rely on the line.

How is it now...

There is no talent that can add double resistance, and only the Resolve system can add 130 points of health, but this series of talents is tailor-made for tanks, and it is impossible for you to choose a C-position hero.

If everyone is crispy, then this consumable talent will naturally be able to ascend to the altar!
As long as you can seize the opportunity to consume two waves to lower the opponent's health during the laning period, you can firmly control the initiative in the laning!
"Based on the strength of talents, then... heroes who can match these talents will become particularly strong in this version, especially the bottom lane..." Hongmi said, "The winning rates of female guns and poke Verus are both exaggerated. Even Bomberman has become the T1 choice for the bottom lane, and traditional shooters are very weak in this version."

Speaking of this, we can understand why Li Fan said that things without the soul of ADC are wreaking havoc in the bottom lane now, and dogs don't want to play in the bottom lane.

Now the bottom lane is to choose the monsters on both sides, and then play dodgeball. Whoever has a higher skill hit rate will get the advantage.

This actually weakens the carrying ability of the ADC position in disguise.

You can play well with poke-level Verus and female gunners. The damage is fixed. Basic attacks are constipation. The basic damage depends on skills. How can it be compared with traditional A-level shooters.

Trivia: There is no way to avoid the damage of normal attacks. The lower limit of damage will be extremely high if you rely on normal attacks!

"Dream back to S6." Li Feifan smiled.

The ecological environment of the bottom lane in S6 is somewhat similar, except that at that time, the expendable auxiliary was relatively powerful, so tool heroes such as Ice and Jhin were derived to coordinate the consumption.

"You should pay special attention to Ornn on the top road...the strength of this hero is really outrageous." Hongmi smiled, "The extent of the weakening is comparable to that of Sword Girl, who slashed 6 times in a row after landing in the canyon!"

There's no way around it, this hero is just too awesome just by looking at his skill form.

With a shield, percentage damage, and displacement, his ultimate move can start a group at a very long distance. The passive effect of W can also increase the percentage of his own double resistance, making Ornn inherently more tanky than other tanks.

Ornn's passive allows you to purchase equipment directly online. What does that mean? ?

It's a chance to go home for free. Although it can't be restored directly like returning to the spring water, from another perspective, when it comes to pretending to go out, Ornn knocks a ruby ​​​​for himself under the tower. The properties of ruby ​​​​It increases health. This attribute will directly affect Orn, which means Orn has gained more than 100 health points for no reason.

Isn't this an advantage? ?
Worse yet...

After Ornn reaches a certain level, he can first buy two pieces of equipment for himself, and then he can buy one upgraded piece of equipment for each of his teammates.

Because League of Legends has a fixed 6 equipment grids, the economy is actually ineffective later on. When both sides have 6 divine equipment, Ornn can upgrade the equipment, which is equivalent to improving the late-stage combat effectiveness of his own lineup in disguise. Having Ornn It's like having a seventh piece of equipment is no joke.

"Good guy... If this B hero can appear in the World Championship, I feel that those top laners who are good at playing tank heroes will be lucky." Li Feifan joked with a smile.

"That's not true... Junze has been playing this hero with great intensity every day recently. In his words, he feels that this hero is calling him secretly." Li Yuanhao laughed.

Li Feifan smiled even happier. Isn't this the top dog hero?
If you are strong, you can also make the big dad in the team strong, which perfectly meets RNG's tactical requirements for the top lane.

Hongmi continued, "The change in the jungle environment is most likely due to the fact that the overall body has become brittle, allowing those assassin heroes to have room to appear. The prince's [Electrocution] set has a ridiculously high burst, and the selection rate is direct Invincible."

"Oh, there's no way to play hunger strike style anymore."

The fist slashed on the main artery of Mala Xiangguo. When the jungler was behind the level, each wild monster would get 30 extra experience points. Now, every large wild monster and epic-level monster will get 50 experience points. , seemingly strengthened?

In fact, it is a blast. In the past, a group of stone men could chase 300 experience points by relying on constant division, but now?
A group of stone men can only chase 50 experience points.

"Gan... I'm not a champion jungler." Spicy Xiangguo suddenly had a Sima expression.

Xiaohu's expression was also a little ugly.

RNG's double C relies heavily on Mala Xiangguo's hunger strike style. Xiaohu has never been the kind of person who can rely on his own ability to gain an advantage in the lane. His most comfortable rhythm is when Nosuke comes to help him catch or force the opponent out. Key skills help him accumulate a little laning advantage. Once he is comfortable playing, he can start to radiate his advantages to the two wings.

Not to mention Uzi in the bottom lane. He pursues a line-suppressing style of play in everything he plays, which is destined to make Uzi a thorn in the side of the enemy jungler. Why shouldn't they catch you if you are standing so far forward?

This relies heavily on the jungler acting as a bodyguard in the bottom lane for protection, otherwise Uzi's mindless line-pressing style of play will just feed the opponent.

Last season, Mala Xiangguo could not farm jungle by itself, so as to ensure its own double C.

There's no way to play like that now.

"In short, in the next few days, you should practice more powerful heroes in a targeted manner. It is impossible to develop a tacit understanding in a short period of time."

Redmi also knows very well that although it has joined the division competition, the All-Star Game is essentially Riot inviting a group of professional players to show ordinary players how to play the new season version.

Basically, it depends on the player's personal ability. Tacit understanding is difficult to cultivate in a short period of time, let alone develop a system.

Time flies and December 12th comes in a blink of an eye.

The All-Star Game will be played inside Staples Center in Los Angeles!
The LPL division, as the championship division, is scheduled for the opening match, and its opponent is the NA division, which competes locally.

This time the All-Star Game is divided into 8 divisions, which are divided according to the results of the divisions in international competitions in the past year. The eight teams are finally divided into two groups, A and B, to ensure that the strength of the groups is balanced as much as possible. , This will avoid the situation of LPL and LCK meeting early in the group stage.

The LPL is in Group A, with North America, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Southeast Asia, while the LCK is with Europe, Brazil and Turkey.

Each group has a single round-robin BO1, with the top two qualifying. The rules of the knockout rounds are still the same, with A1 playing B2 and B1 playing A2. Judging from this situation, the final finals will most likely be a showdown between China and South Korea.

The intensity and quality of the last wave can also meet the audience's requirements for high-quality duel events.

After taking the bus to the venue, reporters immediately came to interview.

Li Feifan, as the FMVP of the Xinke World Finals, naturally received the most questions, "May I ask the mortal players, what do you think of the reform of this year's All-Star Game system?"

What can you think?
Li Feifan resisted the urge to roll his eyes. The nature of the entertainment competition is so good that you have to add a competition area. Isn't this forcing unnecessary pressure on the players?
I secretly complained in my heart, but I still had to leave a little room for interviews, "It's okay. The competition system is very similar to the S3 of the year. Players vote for their ideal players. It also reminds me of a lot of past events."

The S3 All-Star Game was held in Shanghai, and it was also the first time that a large-scale event was hosted in China.

It's just that League of Legends was still in its growth stage at that time, and there wasn't that much attention and popularity, but there were really a lot of memes that year.

The director of the factory has two of them all by himself. First, he exposed the news of "A Midsummer Night's Dream" before the game, broke up with his online date, and then thought about failure in love, but his career must be successful, right?
In an interview, he expressed that he wanted to prove who was the 'world's best jungler'. As a result, he helped insec prove that the opponent was the world's best jungler. Insec at that time also performed a shocking operation. For the first time in the professional arena, the Blind Sin W's eye-touching roundhouse kick was performed.

This operation, which is commonplace today and even a required course for blind monk players, shocked everyone back then!

No wonder the system says that the overall level of players is improving.

Indeed it is.

In addition, there are other explosive jokes, such as Shy’s four PDDs in one shot, An Bixin’s title of Anti-Chinese Hero, etc.

In fact, the funniest thing is that the winner of the All-Star Game that year can be rewarded with an extra S-game entry spot in the championship division.

The five members of the Korean All-Star Team were An Bixin, insec, shy, madlife and Rat King Pray. In the end, only Najin Black Sword, where Rat King Pray belonged, entered the World Championship, and was eliminated by Lee Sang Hyuk in the semi-finals. Lee Sang Hyuk The reason why he was able to participate in the S game was because of the extra spot he got in the All-Star Game, otherwise he would not even be qualified to participate.In fact, fists are also very difficult.

The S3 era was still the ancient era, the strength gap between the major competition areas was not that big, and the reward quotas did not matter.

But now?
The two major competition areas of China and South Korea are constantly involving each other, which has led to a gap in strength between them and other competition areas. Doesn’t your reward quota mean that it is prepared for the two major competition areas of China and South Korea?
Look at this year's S7. A total of 6 teams from the two major regions of China and South Korea have all made it to the top 8, leaving only two spots for other regions. If you give one more spot, will other regions still be able to play?
There is indeed no shortage of talented players in Europe and the United States, but they lack an involutional environment. Playing chess with bad chess players will only make them worse.

After the interview, Li Feifan and his teammates went to the backstage lounge to prepare for makeup.

People from other competition areas also came here one after another. Li Feifan was playing with his mobile phone and chatting with the little rich woman, when he saw someone walking towards him after hesitating for a moment.

"Hi, mortal!" With Wanwan's unique whispering accent, Li Feifan looked up and saw Flash Wolves jungler Kasa coming to his side.

But this way of greeting reminded him of a flip phone from ancient times.

Hello, motorcycle!
"Hello." Li Feifan nodded to him. He didn't quite understand. There was no interaction between the two of them. Why did he come to say hello?

wrong.

Could it be that? ?

Kasa looked around and smiled at him, "I will give you more advice in the future. We will become teammates in the new season. I declined the invitations from RNG and RW."

Li Feifan suddenly realized that Lan Baiqing originally said that the jungler would choose between Mala Xiangguo and Casa.

It seems that he finally chose Casa, most likely after listening to Hongmi's opinion.

First of all, the hunger strike jungle style has been severely criticized. The most important thing is that the jungler like Casa is the type of jungle that the coach prefers, and he is not biased...

"Okay, okay, please give me more advice in the future, and remember to help me gank more." Li Feifan smiled, then looked serious, "But I will not be soft-hearted in this All-Star Game!"

"Gan, you are very cool!" Kasa smiled, "I won't be lenient, let you see my strength!"

"Zun Du, Fake Du." Li Feifan came over and spread his hands, "Then we'll see you on the field!"

In order to avoid exposing the transfer news, the two briefly exchanged a few words and then separated.

Mala Xiangguo came over and asked curiously, "What are you two talking about?"

"It's nothing, he just came over to say hello."

"RNG wants to buy him to compete with me." Mala Xiangguo couldn't help but pouted, "It's as if I'm afraid of competition."

"It's okay, there is a high probability that I won't be able to compete with you." Li Feifan said.

"Look, do you agree? Casa's strength is still a little behind mine."

"..." Li Feifan could only show an awkward but polite smile. What exactly is the structure of Mr. Guo's brain circuit?

How could he tell that he was praising him?

It’s really the e-sports Malphite, right? It shares the same brain with all Malphite players.

"Ah, right, right." When you don't know how to answer someone, just use this method.

Look, Mr. Gua is still laughing.

After putting on makeup, a grand opening ceremony was taking place at the front desk. However, for those who had watched the opening ceremony of the Bird's Nest and were shocked by the ancient dragon using AR technology, the opening ceremony of the All-Star Game seemed a bit petty.

Soon the staff came over to signal the LPL players to prepare for the stage. Li Fan rolled up his keyboard and mouse set with a mouse pad and followed the players to the stage.

European and American hosts are often passionate and good at drawing long notes.

When Li Feifan came on stage, the host introduced him in a long voice.

"ADC...mortal!!"

There was a burst of applause from the audience. The title of FMVP in the Xinke Finals was still good. Of course, it also had something to do with the fact that there were many international students at the scene.

[Damn, these idiots in North America are not excited at all. What if they can’t be so excited in China? 】

[There is no way, not everyone can be Lee Sang Hyuk, and the whole world can enjoy the home court treatment. 】

[It’s already pretty good to be able to gain a certain level of popularity abroad within half a year of debuting. 】

[That’s right, what kind of bike do you want? Without comparison, there is no harm. Didn’t the cheers of the first few appearing on the stage be even lower? 】

really……

Theshy is very popular in the LPL, but it is still a bit behind abroad. As for Xiaohu and Mala Xiangguo, their popularity is average, mainly because they have not achieved any decent honors.

Although theshy is also a world champion, he is not FMVP, and the version is not conducive to his performance on the road. If Lucian hadn't spent a few games to gain a sense of presence, his popularity might have been even lower.

After sitting down, the BP between the two sides also went very quickly.

I haven't deliberately studied the version in depth. Besides, the opponent's strength is average. What division is NA?
"It's cool to just BP casually. NA can compete with the wild card region back and forth, how strong can it be? Hey...it can compete with the wild card region and still lose to the wild card region...is it our region? Team?" Li Feifan was stunned for a moment.

I noticed a murderous look next to me!

Oh yes!

EDG...

S5 was almost fooled by a Southeast Asian team using the Asian Bundle, and S6 was even kicked out by the Holy Monk from the Brazilian Division.

How about saying that the EDG team’s foreign wars are all a dark history?

S4 entered the World Championship for the first time and almost failed in the group stage, but it relied on its son AHQ to give it a try.

"Cough cough cough..." Li Feifan could only show an awkward yet polite smile again.

Li Feifan chose Verus.

"I feel like I'm not used to Mortal. A month ago, I was playing the traditional A-level core shooters, but now I have to play poke and tool players." The commentator in the domestic official live broadcast room is Wawa. With Miller, Miller laughed and joked, "The version has changed too much, especially the bottom lane."

Li Feifan's opponent, the NA ADC player, chose Xiao Huangmao Ezreal.

Xiao Huangmao's appearance rate in S7 was low throughout the year. During the World Championship, he became popular in the jungle position, but it soon proved to be a version trap.

The S8 season has become a big favorite.

All I can say is that a biological son is a biological son. He will not be a sewer all his life and will always find opportunities for himself to appear.

There are two reasons why Xiao Huangmao can become a popular choice in the bottom lane again.

The first is the talent in the enlightenment system [Omen of Thieves]. The effect of this talent is that after releasing a skill, your next basic attack will gain extra attack distance and plunder gold coins. There is a certain chance that you will plunder a consumable.

In fact, just like Yaoguang, EZ's Q skill can trigger basic attack special effects, so this talent absolutely fits EZ!
Another hero also benefited from this.

That's the captain!
Q can also directly trigger the special effects of basic attacks. Combined with the effect of fixed looting of gold coins and the captain's own passive, the captain now has a lot of extra economy and the equipment can be acquired very quickly.

The second reason is that the properties of the Demon Sect Blade have been improved. The mana value of each stack has been increased from 4 points to 5 points, which greatly speeds up the formation of EZ equipment.

Bringing [Omen of Thieves] to gain additional economy will allow EZ to produce equipment faster, and the Demon Sect Blade can be upgraded to Demon Cut faster, allowing EZ to reach its strong stage earlier with the two-piece set.

In layman's terms.

EZ can mold faster than ever before.

In the end, the LPL representative team selected a lineup that was very suitable for the current version.

Ornn in the top lane, Jungle Prince, Ryze in the middle lane, and Verus + Niutou in the bottom lane.

The game starts.

Li Feifan felt that the bottom lane of this version was really boring.

Both sides were throwing skills at each other, but because he brought [Arcane Comet], he later studied the following small talents, and then he understood why the [Witchcraft] talent was invincible.

After you choose an ultimate talent.

There are three rows below, each row has three small runes, that is, a total of 9 small runes for you to match.

Li Feifan chose the [Mana Flow Thin Belt]: every 60 seconds, the next skill you use will return its mana or energy consumption, and restore 8% of your lost energy and mana.

[Absolute Focus]: When the health value is higher than 70%, you can gain up to 24 attack power points or 40 magic power points (based on level) adaptively.

[Scorch]: When your next skill hits an enemy, it will burn the enemy hero, causing 30-60 additional magic damage (based on level) after one second.

With [Mana Flow Thin Belt], and [Tear of the Goddess], you can ensure that you are a perpetual motion machine online.

The combination of [Arcane Comet] and [Scorch] is at level one. After just one skill hits, the damage other than the skill can reach over 60 points. How do you play in the face of such terrifying consumption? ?

No matter what style of Verus he is, he can basically beat EZ in the lane.

Because of his long hands and the extremely accurate Q skill of Li Feifan, almost every skill hit the opponent's little yellow hair, so he quickly reduced the opponent's health and pinned the opponent under the defense tower!

"Wow! Even if the version changes, Mortal's strength will still not be affected. A true strong person will never complain about the environment!" Miller also boasted whenever he got the opportunity.

But he accidentally cue a wave of Uzi.

Because in a live broadcast not long ago, Uzi said in public that this version of the bottom lane is really unplayable and has no gaming experience at all. The reason is because the [Witchcraft] talent is too strong, making the bottom lane The world of Diudiguai.

For Uzi, who likes to play A and hates playing skill flow, it is really not comfortable at all.

The rumor is...

Uzi may have to temporarily recuperate from a hand injury, just like the previous version of this summer split, which will let the substitute Able, who is the A monster, go first.

[Is Xiao Heizi showing his chicken feet? ? 】

[Uzi is super talking, who is Miller? ? 】

[That is, powerful people never complain about the environment, so what?The environment is bad wherever you go, aren't you destroying the environment? 】

But Li Feifan's thoughts on the stage were not in line.

But thinking about something else.

Now that he has decided to change positions, he is thinking about other things...

Judging from the current situation in the bottom lane.

It is easy for the dominant side to obtain the line rights. After obtaining the line rights, the best way for the midfielder to surround the bottom lane is to directly use 4 packs and 2 to cross the tower.

Otherwise, the line advantage gained from the bottom lane will be wasted.

Maybe……

When adding points later to increase the strength of the laning, should you give priority to [Roaming Support]? ?

PS: The talents of S8 are very different from what they are now. [Conqueror] and [Cluster Blade] were all added later...so I will write them in a little more detail.

All-Stars will not write in detail, and the excessive plot will be over immediately to S8.

(End of this chapter)