The Iron-Blooded Army of Beacon Fire

Chapter 59 Infantry Tactics: German Tactics Can’t Be Played
Before the [-]th Anti-Japanese War, according to He Wei's memory, many military academy instructors and mid-level and senior officers were international students from the Japanese Army Non-commissioned Officer School, and there were also a considerable number of Japanese military academy students in the Training Directorate, which was in charge of troop training at that time.

Therefore, the infantry drill codes used by the domestic army are almost all translated versions of the Japanese infantry drill codes, and the drill codes used by the cavalry, artillery, engineers, communications corps, and even the baggage troops are also Japanese drill codes translated by the Training Directorate.

With the entry of German consultants, the country also began to translate German infantry drills, and the Central Army troops gradually moved closer to German tactics, which also triggered a series of contradictions and farce.

After German consultants entered China, the first unit that bore the brunt was the Central Military Academy, which was the relocated Whampoa Military Academy. After entering the military academy, in order to implement German education, the first step was to use German ethics for education.

The German drill code at that time was divided into five parts: the first part is about infantry combat principles; the second part is from individual instructor to company coach; the third part is heavy machine gun drill code; the fourth part is mortar drill code; the fifth part is infantry drill code. Camp coach.

At that time, only the second and fifth of the five German canons were translated, referred to as the "Two and Five Canons".It was promulgated in 1932 and named the "Draft of German-Translated Infantry Training Code" and implemented in the Central Military Academy and the Training Corps.

However, the promotion of this German drill code did not go smoothly, and troubles soon occurred. First, after the drill code was promoted and used, it encountered opposition from the Directorate of Training and the Army Infantry School (the Army Infantry School is referred to as the Infantry School). , a specialized military academy within the Nanjing Government Military Academy system, its main business is training current officers), the reason is also very simple, that is, it is too German and does not conform to China's reality.

One of the reasons cited by the opponents is that according to the organizational structure in the training code, an infantry company has fifteen squads, each squad is equipped with a light machine gun, so an infantry company is equipped with fifteen light machine guns, and an infantry company is equipped with fifteen light machine guns. A company needs fifteen guns, so a battalion with three companies will need at least 45 guns, and a regiment with three battalions will start with 130 five guns. At that time, an imported Czech ZB26 light machine gun cost a thousand oceans!
For China at that time, it was too unrealistic. With the national strength at that time, it was really beyond its capabilities to complete such a huge establishment and equipment.

Another reason that makes people laugh or cry is that the quality of the translation of the Erwu Cao Dian is really worrying, and a lot of jokes have been made. The content of the real German original Erwu Cao Dian is very different from what the German Gu Xiang said in China. , there are many errors.

The most obvious point is that the consultant said that in the text: when the soldiers are marching forward, their hands are fixed to their legs and are not allowed to move. This posture is unprecedented for soldiers from all over the world, and it makes people laugh and cry.

Compared with the opponents, the supporters of the Second Five-Year Code of Conduct were stronger. The Central Military Academy was a fanatical supporter of the German Code of Conduct, and the supreme leader Chang Kaishen was also willing to endorse the Second Five-Year Code. There were constant disputes, but the final result was still The naysayers prevailed.

This set of Second Five-Year Drill Codes was printed and distributed to all units for study. It was not officially promulgated and was not used as a standard teaching material for the troops. However, the tactics of the troops also had to be innovated. In the end, it was decided to start from scratch and simply compile the Drill Codes themselves. Therefore, it was approved by the competent department and was used in the infantry school. A Code of Conduct Research Committee was established within the school, consisting of the Central Military Academy Teaching Corps, the Central Military Academy, the Infantry Director, and the German consultant. It was convened by Lieutenant General Wang Jun, the director of the Army Infantry School Preparatory Division, to conduct debate and research, and after compilation, China's first code was finally launched. Infantry drill code drafted by myself.

This infantry drill incorporates the latest skirmishing tactics and makes modifications and adjustments based on China's actual conditions. While light machine guns are assigned to infantry squads, the new infantry company is determined to be a nine-squad system.

In the spirit of the program of the infantry drill code, it is specifically stated that the purpose of China's founding of the army is to implement the Three People's Principles, and also includes the "four dimensions (propriety, righteousness, righteousness)" advocated by He Wei's principal and the supreme leader micro-manipulation master Chang Kaishen. , integrity, shame) and other spiritual creeds (loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, love, trust, righteousness, peace, peace)" and military discipline and the "Three Confidences" (faith in superiors, trust in subordinates, and confidence in being a revolutionary soldier loyal to the party and the country) It is written into the code of conduct.In 1933, in order to improve the tactical level of military officers across the country, the micro-operation master opened an officer tactical training class in Lushan. The infantry school then presented the new drill code to the micro-operation master. The micro-operation master was overjoyed and immediately ordered the training of officers in the Lushan Officer Training Corps. Therefore, this infantry drill code, which has been compiled for many years, was implemented by the Lushan Officer Training Corps from 1933 to 1935 for tactical and actual command education. It was considered that the results were good and suitable for China's needs.

Therefore, the first part of the Chinese Infantry Drill Code was officially promulgated and implemented by the Nationalist Government on August 1935, 8. Historically, during the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, military schools across the country educated troops and trained based on this part of the drill code. He Wei in 4 After being admitted to the Central Military Academy in Nanjing, what I learned was this code of conduct.

In the famous Anti-Japanese War film "The bloody battle in Taierzhuang" in the previous life, there is this classic scene: Chang Kaishen, then chairman of the National Military Commission, held a military meeting of senior generals of the first and fifth theaters in Kaifeng, Henan, in order to improve military discipline. At the meeting,

Chang Gongfa asked: "Today, who attended the military meeting and brought this booklet, "Infantry Drill Code"?
Everyone in the meeting was silent.

Only Tang Enbo stood up and replied: "Chairman, the student Enbo has brought you."

Chang Gong lectured to everyone with a dissatisfied face: "You know, the Japanese army, not only officers, but also soldiers, they all carry this booklet with them, study it in real time, and standardize their actions everywhere..."

The infantry drill code in this section is still the infantry drill code, and this matter does indeed exist.

Historically, Chang Kaishen once gathered officials from the first and fifth theater regiment commanders and above to hold a review meeting of the Anti-Japanese War. He found that among the many officials present, there were only two who led the infantry drill; there was no one who led the command outline. .

Seeing this, the micro-operation master sternly pointed out: "If everyone doesn't carry the basic books necessary for uniting troops in combat, and study and use them at any time, why can we fight and resist enemies with new weapons?! Everyone! You must know that our setbacks on the battlefield in the past few months are not due to the large number and strength of the Japanese pirates' troops, nor to the lack of bravery and sacrifice among our lower-level officers and soldiers, but because our senior generals lack research in peacetime. , without practical skills to bring to the Ministry of Education, in wartime, all tactics and strategies cannot be studied and improved at any time and at any time based on the basic model program and the actual situation of the battle formation, resulting in improper command, and even though there are many troops, they cannot be quite effective. , so we must be defeated by the enemy!"

It is said that after the meeting adjourned on the first day, in order to check it again the next day, the officials hurriedly sent people to look for the "Draft of Infantry Drill Code". Paper was expensive in Luoyang for a while, so those who got the book came to read it all night by holding a candle, while those who didn't have the book tossed and turned, and became a waste of time. It's a joke.

(End of this chapter)