The best idlers of the Tang Dynasty

"Snapped!"

There was a crisp sound, and it was really a tragedy for an exquisite teacup. Wei Wang Li Tai's fat face had turned red at this moment, and a pair of small eyes glared at Du Chuke and said.

"That Du Rui really said so."

After all, Du Chuke was also a fourth-rank member of the imperial court, but when facing Li Tai, a little boy, he seemed trembling, and said: "It's true, I told him all the interests and interests, but Du Rui~~~~ ~~~”

"Hmph!" Li Tai snorted coldly and said, "I really don't know how to compliment you."

Xiao Deyan, who was at the side, hurriedly said: "Your Highness, don't be angry, even if Du Rui doesn't want to attach himself, why should he worry about it? He is just a young man after all, even if he has some talents and learning, he can't make much use of him. What is important for His Highness now is To win the favor of the Holy One, as long as the Holy One has His Highness's heart, the rest is nothing to worry about."

Although Li Tai is talented and young and intelligent, he is ignorant of world affairs after all. Hearing this, he thought for a moment and said, "There is some truth in what you said, by the way! Master Xiao Xiao! The auspicious pair of ears of rice you mentioned last time is here." Where, tomorrow the king will present himself to his father!"

As soon as everyone interrupted, Li Tai threw Du Rui into the back of his mind. He was conceited, and he was very confident in his talents. He looked down on others to some extent, and asked Du Chuke to invite Du Rui, but it was just for a test Thoughts, it's not really important. In his eyes, those poems and novels written by Du Rui are just novels.

This is also the value of the literati in today's era. Today's society is still prevalent in the gorgeous rhetoric Fu of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, but they don't pay much attention to poetry.

Li Tai didn't take it seriously, but Du Rui didn't dare to be careless. Now that even Li Tai has been summoned, he can't tolerate his indifference. I really don't like that little fat guy who has beautiful articles on his chest, but his political strategy in his head is completely unqualified. In addition, there is such a person who threatens to "kill his son and pass on his younger brother", Xiao Chu followed him around. , In the end, if you can leave a whole body, you have to recite Amitabha Buddha.

After Li Tai's incident, Du Rui became more low-key. He didn't leave the door every day, and he just stayed at home honestly, giving lessons to Li Chengqian, his sisters and maids at home. Kaimeng, or reading and writing.

Of course, there is one important event that cannot be delayed any longer. According to the current attitudes of Emperor Taizong and Li Chengqian towards him, stepping into the imperial court after adulthood is a certainty. .

If there is no history, there is no way for everyone.

There are so many literati and scholars in the past dynasties, and there are so many famous Fu masters, but there are a few who can really leave their names and are well-known to the world. It's also a thousand miles away.

"Historical Records" can't be helped. Tai Shi Gong has become a handful of loess now, so what's left is Sima Guang's "Zi Zhi Tong Jian". Although Du Rui also has a lot of psychological burden to play with this matter, but In order to live a more carefree life in this era, he didn't care about so much anymore.

"Zizhi Tongjian", referred to as "Tongjian" for short, is a multi-volume chronicle history book edited by Sima Guang of the Northern Song Dynasty, with a total of 294 volumes, which took 19 years to complete.It takes time as the outline and events as its purpose. It was written from the 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou Dynasty (403 BC) to the sixth year of Emperor Shizong Xiande of the Five Dynasties (959 AD) when he conquered Huainan, covering 16 dynasties and 1362 years. history.It is the first chronological general history of China, and occupies a very important position in Chinese official history books.

Now that Du Rui wants to write, he can't copy all of it. He plans to stop writing from the 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou to the end of the Sui Dynasty. The memory is still fresh, and it doesn't take much time to copy it, but it doesn't happen overnight.Du Rui reckoned that if he starts to write now, he will be able to finish writing in six years when he becomes an adult at the age of 16.

Du's "Zizhi Tongjian", Du Rui plans to write five volumes of "Zhou Ji", eleven volumes of "Qin Ji", sixty volumes of "Han Ji", ten volumes of "Wei Ji", and forty volumes of "Jin Ji" , "Song Ji" sixteen volumes, "Qi Ji" ten volumes, "Liang Ji" twenty-two volumes, "Chen Ji" ten volumes, "Sui Ji" eight volumes.

Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian" does not describe "Qin Ji" in detail, probably because Qin ruled the country by law, which is contrary to Confucianism, but in Du Rui's view, "Qin Ji" is similar to "Han Ji" Compared with it, it has more reference value in governing the country. Bian expanded the three volumes of the original book into eleven volumes, and planned to write from the Battle of Hexi to the unification of the six kingdoms by King Qin Yingzheng.

The key reason why the "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" of the previous life has been regarded as an important book for governing the country by the kings of all dynasties is that the content of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" mainly focuses on politics, military and ethnic relations, and also includes economic, cultural and The evaluation of historical figures warns future generations through the description of the policies of the ruling class that are related to the rise and fall of the country and the rise and fall of the nation.

The origin of the title of the book is that Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty bestowed this title on his belief that the book was "worthy of governing Taoism in view of the past".It can be seen that the name of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is not only a manifestation of the enhanced consciousness of historians to govern history, but also a manifestation of the enhanced consciousness of feudal emperors using historiography to serve politics.

Although the value of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is great, there are inevitably some flaws in it. Chen Yuan once commented in "Hu Zhu Tong Jian Biaowei": "The calligraphy of "Tong Jian" is not all about praise and criticism, so it is not as good as "Spring and Autumn" " is strict. Wen Gongqian did not dare to imitate "Spring and Autumn", but wanted to continue "Zuo Shi Zhuan". He had some feelings, and he also imitated Zuo's presumption of "junzi yue" and called "chen guang yue" to express it. According to Yu The straight writing of things makes people judge their gains and losses according to the differences in their places, and take them as a warning, so there must be calligraphy that is not easy."

From today's point of view, "Chen Guangyue" is full of feudal colors. Huang Shengxiong summed it up as "sincerity" and "propriety".Zhang Xu said in "Tong Jian Xue": "The meaning of "Spring and Autumn" is the most important name, where the name is, and one word cannot be false. In the feudal world, this is the outline. If the name is bad, then the outline In the end, the collapse of the political power must be done forever. Duke Wen used this incident as a sign of the decline of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the separation of the seven kingdoms, and then discussed it to see the meaning of supporting the beginning."

It can be seen that Sima Guang's own thoughts have not transcended the times, so his discussions are not of much value.For example: Sima Yan was praised by Sima Guang as "a virtuous king who will never live" because of his three-year mourning.In fact, Sima Yan cannot be compared with Tang Taizong, Han Wudi, etc. in Chinese history.

In addition, although "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is praised as "rigorous in style, clear in context, grand in scope, large in size and refined in thought, rich in historical materials, detailed in textual research, detailed in narrative, and appropriate in complexity and simplicity", "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" itself also has its own characteristics. Quite a few mistakes.

For example, Yan Gengwang, a historian of later generations, once pointed out that the order of the 28 generals in Yuntai was wrong in "Zizhi Tongjian"; the two "Books of Tang" mistaken "Teqin" for "Tele", and "Zizhi Tongjian" did not have this. To correct, to make a mistake is to make a mistake. "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Volume 64 [-]: "Tumen himself is called Yili Khan, his wife is Kehe Dun, and his children are called Teller."

"Tong Jian Kao Yi": "The books may be specially written, and today they are from Liu Yan's "Old Tang Book" and Song Qi's "New Tang Book."

In addition, "Hou Chu Shi Biao" is not written by Zhuge Liang, but "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" is also copied in full.

Gao'an Chen Ruqi thought in "Four Comments on Chen's Ganlu Garden Changshu" that "Zizhi Tongjian" will only see the unofficial history of Concubine Yang and Anlu Mountain as official history and lose its objectivity.Another example is Yu Hongzhi, an eunuch in the Tang Dynasty. Qiu Shiliang wrote "Yu Hongzhi" in "New Tang Book", and "Yu Zhihong" was occasionally mistaken in "Old Tang Book". Renshu wrote Yu Zhihong, and "Zizhi Tongjian" volume 245 wrote Jimao and Yu Hongzhi in the first month of the fifth year of Kaicheng, which were confused with each other.

"Book of Jin" records Lu Guang's first year title as "Tai'an", while "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" records it as "Da'an".

Another example is that there are many inappropriate ways of recording the year in "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", such as the time when the people of Qi attacked Yan (313 years ago), and the chronology of Sima Guangshe's "Historical Records", without detailed examination according to "Chronicle", only Ten years were added to King Wei of Qi, and ten years were reduced to King Min of Qi, so as to be the same as the deeds of King Xuan of Qi’s defeating Yan recorded in Mencius. Zhu Xi of Song Dynasty believed that it was ten years of King Min of Qi, but according to modern research, it is actually Qi In the seventh year of King Xuan, there were also many mistakes in Le Yi's attack on Qizhong.

Another example is the "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" which made many mistakes in describing the itinerary of Emperor Sui Yang's westward tour. After June 23, the time to go from Zhangye to Yanzhi Mountain was advanced to the day when King Gaochang arrived in Zhangye on June 880. "Tong Jian" Volume [-] (Han Ji [-]) the second year after Emperor Wen: "August, [-], the prime minister Zhang Cangfang." Wuxu.The descendant Wu Yugui wrote "Zizhi Tongjian Yinianlu" and summed up the errors that occurred in the "Tongjian" records. A total of [-] cases were obtained, which can make up for the lack of this aspect.

Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty made a direct criticism in "Zhu Zi Yu Lei" in "Li Dai [-]": "Wen Gong didn't like power and strategy, and he deleted it when he was editing the book. But what happened at that time? We had to exist with him. If every place Delete a few lines, just read it without the meaning of blood, how to save it, but don't make a comment to judge it." He also said: "Wen Gong repaired books, and those who did not agree with his own ideas would be deleted immediately, without knowing the meaning of others. Not so. "Tong Jian" and so on."

In the Ming Dynasty, Yan Yan was familiar with "Zizhi Tongjian" and wrote "Zizhi Tongjian Supplement", which listed seven diseases in Tongjian (leakage, repetition, disorder, miscellaneous, mistaken, persistent, false).

Cen Zhongmian, who is close to him, thinks that "Tongjian"'s evaluation of Niu Sengru's saying "losing one dimension will not harm his strength" is suspected of being biased. Sima Guang even distorted the facts and played word games.Cen Zhongmian also wrote "Tong Jian Sui and Tang Dynasties Comparing Questions", claiming to correct the fallacies of "Tong Jian", with a total of more than 670 articles.

But in any case, the literary and political significance of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" cannot be denied. Sima Guang also exhausted his efforts for this history book, so that he said in "Jin Zi Zhi Tong Jian Biao": Now my muscles and bones are exhausted, my eyesight is dim, my teeth are few, and my spiritual consciousness is weakened. What is called at present, I forget about it. The energy of the minister is exhausted in this book."

Sima Guang devoted his whole life to this book, and he died of overwork within two years after it was completed. "Zizhi Tongjian" was written by Sima Guangshi himself from the publication of the rules to the deletion and finalization of the manuscript, without the hands of others.Wang Mingsheng, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said: "This book is indispensable in the world, and it is also a book that scholars must read."

It has the historical value of learning from the rise and fall of the previous life and examining the gains and losses of the present. Although there are flaws, they are not concealed."Historical Records" and Sima Qian's "Historical Records" can be listed as two immortal masterpieces of Chinese historiography, which is the so-called "two Sima's history".

Wang Yinglin, a historian of the Southern Song Dynasty, commented: "Since the existence of the book contract, there has never been one like "Tongjian"."

Hu Sansheng commented on this book at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty: "If you are a ruler and don't know the "Tongjian", you want to rule but don't know the source of self-government; If you serve the ruler, you cannot govern the people. If you are a son of man and you don’t know the "Tongjian", then you will be humiliated first, and you will not be able to do things. , calendar, astronomy, geography, especially in detail. Readers are like rats drinking a river, each at its best."

Gu Yanwu in the Qing Dynasty also spoke highly of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" and Ma Duanlin's "Wen Wen Tong Kao" in "Ri Zhi Lu? The must-have book."

What Du Rui is going to plagiarize now is this historical masterpiece. Although his literary skills are not comparable to Sima Guang's, after all, he has the experience and lessons of later generations, as well as his vision, but he is also confident that some of this book will be copied. Erase the blemishes to make "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" more perfect.

"From today on, my young master is going to practice in seclusion. If there is nothing important, please don't bother me!"

After announcing this important event, Du Rui turned around and went into the study room, leaving only a group of people staring at him for a long time, and then dispersed to go about their own affairs.