The black technology empire started with a debt of one billion

Chapter 449 464: Give them a vaccination
"What is the performance of the synchronous reluctance motor developed by Kang Wenyang and others?" Cao Mang asked.

Kang Wenyang is the head of Automotive Laboratory No. 3 and is mainly responsible for research and development of motor systems.

Synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM for short) is essentially a synchronous motor with reluctance properties, and its operating principle is similar to that of a switched reluctance motor.

It is fundamentally different from traditional AC and DC motors. It does not rely on the interaction of the stator and rotor magnetic fields to form torque like traditional motors. Instead, it follows the principle that the magnetic flux is always closed along the path of minimum reluctance, passing through the rotor at different positions. The magnetic pulling force caused by the change in reluctance forms a torque, which is called reluctance torque.

Unlike the switched reluctance motor's stator switch rotating magnetic field,
The stator magnetic field of SynRM is a sine wave rotating magnetic field.

The SynRM stator generally adopts the stator structure of a traditional three-phase AC motor, but its rotor structure is special and has many slots on the rotor.The special rotor structure realizes the huge difference in reluctance between the SynRM alternating and direct-axis magnetic circuits, showing strong salient polarity, thus generating driving torque with reluctance properties.

The stator of SynRM generally adopts the stator structure of a traditional three-phase AC motor.The difference is mainly in the rotor structure.With the development of technology, the rotor structure of SynRM is constantly evolving. At this stage, there are mainly two structural forms of the rotor.

Transverse lamination form and axial lamination anisotropic form.

The ALA structure is composed of highly magnetically permeable materials and non-magnetically permeable insulating materials laminated alternately in the axial direction, which has very strong salient polarity, so the torque density and power factor are high, but the process is complex and inconvenient to manufacture. The TLA structure adopts the traditional stamping and lamination process, the rotor structure is simple, the mechanical strength is high, and the production cost is low.

However, relatively speaking, the salient polarity is not as strong as that of the ALA structure, so the torque density and power factor are not as good as those of the ALA structure.

The essence of the synchronous reluctance motor is a synchronous motor with reluctance properties. Its operating principle follows the principle that the magnetic flux is always closed along the path of minimum reluctance. The magnetic pull generated by the change in reluctance caused by the rotor at different positions forms the rotation. moment.

Compared with traditional DC motors, SynRM has no brushes and rings, which is simple, reliable, and easy to maintain; compared with traditional AC asynchronous motors, SynRM has no windings on the rotor, so there is no rotor copper loss, which improves the efficiency of the motor.

Compared with switched reluctance motors, the SynRM rotor surface is smooth and the reluctance changes more continuously, which avoids the problems of torque pulsation and loud noise when the switched reluctance motor is running. At the same time, the SynRM stator has a sinusoidal magnetic field, which is easy to control and has a mature hardware platform. , thereby reducing the cost of the drive control system.

Compared with permanent magnet synchronous motors, SynRM has no permanent magnets on the rotor, is lower in cost, has no problems with field weakening and loss of magnetism, and has more stable efficiency after long-term use.

With this kind of motor, the efficiency of the whole vehicle can be increased by more than 90.00%. After the permanent magnet synchronous motor is equipped, the electric energy flowing out of the battery when the vehicle accelerates reaches an astonishing maximum, which makes the battery-powered car easily reach the The acceleration effect of a gasoline car.

"This new type of motor is more powerful than the motors I have seen before. It is the same in terms of cost and performance. It only takes 3.5 seconds from zero to 261 kilometers, and the top speed reaches [-] kilometers per hour. Its performance is also very rare among fuel vehicles." Chang Jianbin replied.

"Okay, you go about your work first. I'll go next door and have a look." Cao Mang nodded with satisfaction.

"Okay, Mr. Cao." Chang Jianbin said and sent Cao Mang to the door of the laboratory.

Cao Mang went to No. 3 laboratory for a brief inspection and then came to No. 4 laboratory. The responsibility of No. 4 laboratory is to develop the electronic control system. However, No. 4 laboratory seems not as busy as other laboratories. All other labs are laid back.

However, the number of people in Lab 4 is much larger than other labs. Lab 4 has a total of 170 employees, 120 of whom are software engineers.

Because the electronic control system is mainly based on software, the spatial layout of the No. 4 laboratory is not much different from that of ordinary offices.

These 120 software engineers sit in front of computers with their heads down and type code.

In fact, the research and development of Deep Blue Auto's system has been completed a long time ago. They are just doing iterative system updates. The Deep Blue Auto system was modified under the Pegasus system.

A female programmer wearing black-rimmed glasses and a princess dress quickly greeted Cao Mang when she saw him: "Mr. Cao."

"Is Jiang Hengchao in the office?" Cao Mang asked.

"Minister Jiang is in the office." Yao Sijun replied.

"Go and do your work." After Cao Mang said that, he walked directly to Jiang Hengchao's office.

Because most of them were busy, no one noticed Cao Mang's arrival. After crossing the office area, Cao Mang came to Jiang Hengchao's office.

"pat~"

Hearing the sound of the door opening, Jiang Hengchao shifted his gaze from the monitor to the door.

"Mr. Cao." Jiang Hengchao saw Cao Mang and stood up immediately to greet him.

"Is the electronic control system done?" Cao Mang asked after pulling out the chair.

Although the electronic control system of an electric vehicle is mainly based on software, of course hardware is also an essential thing, especially the MUC chip of the car is the most important thing, but the chip used by Deep Blue is not someone else's chip, but independently developed by Deep Blue Technology. Pegasus chip.

However, the Pegasus chip used by Deep Blue Cars is different from ordinary chips.

The Pegasus chip technology used in automobiles is slightly behind. 99% of the chips are manufactured using a 65nm process, and only the main chip is manufactured using a 14nm process.

The chips are made on a 65nm process because the automotive grade operates over the same temperature range as the military grade.

At present, the technology that Huaxia can produce to meet this standard is 65 nanometers.

In electronic components, the operating temperature range is an important indicator.Different levels correspond to different operating temperature ranges.Generally speaking, military grade and automotive grade have a wide operating temperature range, while industrial grade and consumer grade have a relatively narrow operating temperature range.

The operating temperature range of the military grade is -55°C~+125°C, which is wider than other grades, which usually requires that various parameters of the chip can meet the standard requirements in the extreme temperature range, so the military grade chip Corresponding changes need to be made in terms of manufacturing process, power consumption, and packaging process.

The working temperature range of the automotive grade is the same as that of the military grade. Although it also needs to pass a set of strict standard certification, such as ISO/TS 16949 standard and AEC series standards, the requirements of the automotive grade are relatively low, mainly because the working environment of the automobile is relatively stable. , the reliability requirements for the chip are also relatively low.

The operating temperature range of industrial grade is -40°C~+85°C, which is slightly narrower than military grade and automotive grade, but still wider than the range of consumer grade.

Industrial-grade chips usually need to meet some specific standard requirements, such as ISO 9000 and so on.

Consumer grades have the narrowest operating temperature range, typically between 0°C and +70°C.

This is mainly due to higher cost and volume requirements and lower performance and reliability requirements for consumer electronics.

It is important to note that while differences in operating temperature ranges are apparent between grades, there are other invisible factors that also have an impact on the performance and reliability of the chip.

For example, military-grade chips are often subject to more stringent testing and inspections to ensure higher standards of performance and reliability.

In addition to operating temperature range, there are other invisible factors that can affect the performance and reliability of electronic components.Here are some possible factors.

Different levels may have different quality assurance systems and standard requirements.

For example, military-grade products are typically 100% inspected, while civilian-grade products may only be spot-checked.

This may lead to differences in temperature resistance, anti-interference, shock resistance, stability, reliability, overload capacity and parameter accuracy of different grades of products.

Different levels may have different lifecycle support policies.

For example, a military-grade product may require a longer lifetime warranty and support, while a civilian-grade product may only be supported for a shorter period of time.

For some special application scenarios, such as aerospace, military and other fields, security is a crucial consideration.Electronic components used in these fields may need to meet specific safety standards and requirements. For example, chips certified by DO-178B may be more suitable for use in the aerospace field.

It should be noted that these invisible factors may have an impact on the performance and reliability of electronic components, but they are usually not directly reflected in the operating temperature range.

Therefore, when selecting electronic components, there are more factors to consider than just the operating temperature range.

That's why most chips are made at 65nm.

An electric car needs 70 MCU chips. Fortunately, these MUC chips do not require high performance, because these chips only control a single link, so 65 nanometers are enough to perfectly complete this series of simple operations.

The only thing that requires computing power is the central control main chip. The main control chip is placed inside the car, and the operating temperature requirement is not so high, so the 14nm chip is used.

Of course, in order to better protect the main control chip to avoid unnecessary problems.

Jiang Hengchao and his team specially designed a heat dissipation system for the main control chip when designing. As long as the car is turned on, this system will cool the main control chip at the fastest speed.

"We have conducted a Unicom test on the sensors in each link. We have not found any problems in the offline test. We will have to wait for the electronic control system to be tested on the machine to find out. Our laboratory has a virtual cabin system. Mr. Cao, do you want it? Want to experience it yourself?" Jiang Hengchao asked.

"Let's try again after getting on the plane." Cao Mang thought for a while and said.

The virtual car cabin system is similar to playing car games. Although the operation of the virtual car cabin is similar to that of a real car, the experience of the virtual car cabin is much worse than that of a real car. You don't know until you install the electronic control system on the car.

According to the report provided by Jiang Junlin to Cao Mang, the first sample will land in April.

Cao Mang came here just to see if there was any discrepancy between the situation of various departments and Jiang Junlin's report.

Judging from the current situation, Jiang Junlin's report is still very accurate.

"Mr. Cao, do you have any problems with your visit this time?" Jiang Hengchao asked.

There is no problem with Cao Mang, but there are still some problems to be said. This problem has little impact on other laboratories, but it has a great impact on their electronic control system.

"The main control chip of Pegasus may be discontinued at any time, and you must come up with alternative solutions." Cao Mang said.

Cao Mang knew that the emergence of Xing Tian had already threatened the semiconductor company in the United States. In the future, TSMC might not be able to manufacture for Deep Blue. At that time, Deep Blue would lose the source of the main control chip.

If you can't lose the main control chip, the car will not be built. The only way is to find a suitable substitute.

Let's not talk about when the domestic lithography machine will be manufactured after Deep Blue Technology solves the problem of reflectors and light sources.

Even the NIL nanoimprinting technology of Deep Blue Technology will take 3 years to land.

During this period, they must come up with a backup plan to deal with the shortage of chips.

In fact, it is very simple to solve this problem. As long as Deep Blue Auto does not use the most advanced technology, they can use 14 nanometers without 28 nanometers. At most, they are slightly behind in performance.

The 28nm Pegasus chip is about 14% behind the 60nm Pegasus chip.

But even the Pegasus chip manufactured at 28nm is more powerful than the 14nm Xingtian in terms of performance.

The reason why the Pegasus chip is not taken out is to catch the Europeans by surprise.

I don’t know how those people in the future will feel when they see DeepBlue using 28nm chips to crush 14nm chips.

It is estimated that these people will vomit blood with anger.

In fact, many consumers fall into the trap that the more advanced the technology, the stronger the performance. In theory, the more advanced the technology, the stronger the performance of the CPU, but it depends on how the designer designs this chip.

The backward technology does not mean that the manufactured chips are not more powerful than the advanced technology.

就拿后世的英特尔的i7 13700来做对比，i7 13700用的是10纳米工艺制造的，但是它的性能就比4纳米的骁龙gen1性能要强悍，两者区别就是功耗和构架。

Intel uses the X86 architecture, while Snapdragon uses the ARM architecture.

Intel is not unable to manufacture low-power CPUs. Take the Z2 of the Deep Blue 3770 mobile phone as an example. The power consumption of the Z3770 is only 3.5W, and its power consumption is lower than that of the Snapdragon 820.

The key issue is how to achieve high performance with low power consumption in the CPU. This is the biggest problem facing the entire chip industry.

In general, a chip is a very complicated thing.

The reason why Cao Mang told Jiang Hengchao was to give them a vaccination, and don't wait for problems to arise before looking for other backup solutions.

"Mr. Cao, we already have a preliminary plan for this issue. If TSMC is producing 14nm chips for us, then we will replace them with 28nm Pegasus chips. The chip lab is already developing 28nm chips. It is." Jiang Hengchao said.

Although they were influenced by the system to work in Deep Blue, it did not affect their understanding of the real society. Jiang Hengchao was aware of this problem from the very beginning.

Cao Mang nodded in satisfaction when he heard the other party's reply. It seems that the other party is not a technician who only knows how to do research, but that the other party still has a certain understanding of the situation.

(End of this chapter)