Siheyuan: Starting from a fitter

Chapter 330 Great Architecture and Physics
The opening of the round-shaped building of the exhibition hall faces south and is divided into the east building, the north building and the west building.

The north building is the main building, and the roofs of the three buildings are in the style of ancient architecture.

The North Building is mainly about ancient architecture, poetry, philosophy, poetry, and literature; the East Building is about mathematics, physics, chemistry, and agriculture; the West Building is about food, martial arts, and art exhibitions.

[-]. Building:
With the main line describing the development history of ancient architecture, the architectural features of each period are presented to everyone in the form of models. It is initially estimated that it will occupy three floors.

The first floor is dominated by Afang Palace, the second floor is dominated by Daming Palace, and the third floor is dominated by the Forbidden City.

According to the development of history, the buildings that appeared in Western history are displayed simultaneously, and the proportions are compared.

Of all the buildings, only the main hall is built in proportion according to strict craftsmanship and accessories, and the rest are schematic models.

Even so, this is a huge project.

It doesn't matter, there are not enough people, we need to recruit people.Build slowly, it doesn’t matter if it takes ten or 20 years. Once you complete a part of it, you will be able to display part of it.

[-]. Physics:
It focuses on displaying ancient Chinese physical discoveries, such as mechanics, optics, acoustics, heat, and electromagnetism.Li Guocheng will make real objects according to the subjects to let everyone understand the exploration of physics in ancient China.

(1) Mechanics

The concepts of time and space are correctly defined in the Mo Jing.Such as "for a long time, it's a different time". "Yu means a different place".

That is to say, time is a general term for different times.Space is a place that includes all aspects.And distinguishes the concepts of time and moment, such as "The beginning is the time." "The time is either long-lasting or not long-lasting. The beginning is not long-lasting."

The Mohists also defined mechanical motion as "moving, or (domain) movement".It means that motion is the change of the spatial position of an object.

The Mo Jing provides a preliminary discussion on the concept of force. "Force is the reason why Xing (form) is exciting." That is to say, force is the reason why objects start to move or accelerate their movement.

"Mo Jing" further connects weight and force, "Strength means heavy. Down and (lifting), heavy means vigorous."Apparently it points out that the weight of an object is also a force.

And explain that when an object falls or is lifted upward, it has a powerful effect.Taking the working principles of tangerines and scales as examples, Mohists summarized the working principles of levers and proposed concepts such as "ben (heavy arm)", "biao (force arm)", "quan" and "heavy".

The balance conditions of equal-arm levers and unequal-arm levers are discussed, and it is pointed out that "the long and heavy ones go down, and the light and short ones go up." That is, the balance of the lever not only depends on the weight of the two objects, but also depends on the "origin" and " It is related to the length of the mark.

It can be seen that the Mohists already knew that there are two ways to adjust the balance of the lever, and they have already discussed the principle of leverage.

The Mohists also described the reason why objects on an inclined plane lose their balance, and how to use inclined planes to lift heavy objects.They once designed an incline car equipped with pulleys with a low front and a high back, called a "car ladder", which was used to carry heavy objects up the incline to save manpower.

"Mo Jing" said: "Duan, the body is not thick and the most advanced", "Duan, there is no gap".

That is to say, the "end" is considered to be the beginning of the object. If the object is divided to "no thickness", the particle at the front (that is, divided to the end) will be reached.The end is the most basic thing, and the most basic thing is that there is no gap.This can be said to be the germ of atomic theory.

"Kaogong Ji: Wheel Man Chapter" discusses the manufacturing of wheels, starting from factors such as force, movement and the influence of different contact with the ground, and talks about the relationship between the shape of the wheel and the speed of movement.

"Kao Gong Ji" also analyzes ballistic-related technologies.

"Kaogong Ji" was the first to discuss the inertia of objects.In "The Wind Man Chapter" it is said: "It is recommended to climb the horse power. Once the horse power is exhausted, the horse can be used at once."

It means that when pulling a cart, the horse has stopped exerting force, but the cart can still move forward for a certain distance. This points out a basic attribute of inertia of objects. This is also the earliest discussion of the inertia phenomenon in the world.

In "Lun Heng", Wang Yun pointed out the reasons why human vision can cause illusions when observing the speed of objects and how to measure the speed of objects.

(2) Optics

"Mo Jing" starts from the principle of linear propagation of light that has long been recognized by people, and first puts forward the relationship between shadow, light, and objects.

For example, "The scenery does not move, it is said to be changing." It means that the shadow does not move. Why do we sometimes see the shadow moving?This is due to the movement of the light source (or object) causing the shadow to change position.

"The inverted scene has an end at noon, and the length of the scene is said to be at the end." It is pointed out that the reason why the small hole image is inverted is because the light rays cross at the small hole. As for the length of the image, it is related to the position of the small hole.

He further said, "The person with the light shines like a ray. The person below is also high, and the person above is also below. The foot blocks the light below, so the scene is above; the head blocks the light above, so the scene is below. There are things far and near. The end is connected to the light, so it is inside the scene library." He explained in detail the reason for the small hole imaging.

"Mojing" also introduces the imaging of plane mirrors, and describes the law of imaging of concave mirrors and convex mirrors.

In "Mengxi Bi Tan", there are many records and analysis of optical observations and experiments.For example, he made a theoretical summary of the causes of solar and lunar eclipses, and used analogy demonstration experiments for the first time to verify the scientific principles of the waxing and waning of the moon.

"Mengxi Bi Tan" also provides an incisive explanation of the light transmission principle of a kind of ancient bronze mirror in my country.

"New Book of Caoxiang" was written by Zhao Youqin (1279-1368), a prominent experimental physicist in ancient my country.

In the book, he made a relatively in-depth study and detailed description of optical phenomena, used experiments to study pinhole imaging, and pointed out the rules of pinhole imaging.

(3) Thermal science

Thermal knowledge discussed in "Kao Gong Ji". "When casting gold, gold (copper) and tin, the black and turbid qi are exhausted, followed by yellow and white, the yellow and white qi is exhausted, followed by green and white, the green and white qi is exhausted, followed by green and green. Then it can be cast."

It is pointed out that when smelting metal, it first turns dark red after heating, and then turns orange, yellow, white, and finally cyan as the temperature increases.

This is because the metal contains impurities such as carbon and sodium, and different substances have different vaporization points. Therefore, the color of the vaporized substances can be used as a criterion to judge the level of fire or temperature. When it finally reaches "perfection", it can be cast.

This practical knowledge of differentiating the degree of smelting metals summarized from practice has been passed down to this day and is still used by smelting workers.

"Lunheng" says, "If you are close to water, it will be cold, if you are close to fire, it will be warm, and if it is far away, it will become warmer. Why? There is a difference between the distance and the near due to the addition of Qi."

"Clouds and mists are signs of rain. In summer they are dew, in winter they are frost, in temperature they are rain, in cold they are snow. When rain and dew condense, they all come from the ground, not from the sky."

These discussions can show that Wang Chong not only used "qi" to explain thermal phenomena, but also pointed out the relationship between heat transfer and distance.

He also studied the causes of rain, dew, frost, and snow in nature, pointing out that they are all caused by the evaporation of water on the ground, so in essence he has entered into the study of the relationship between physical state and temperature.

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