Collect crowd into immortals

"Okay, we won't say much more about the issue of a prosperous country and a strong people. Just go back and think about it yourself!
Next, let’s revisit the issue of good and evil.

What exactly is good and what is evil, and why are certain actions called good and others evil?

For this question, we have to start from the origin of human beings. "

In the classroom, the teacher was tapping the ruler repeatedly while talking.

"We humans have been born in ancient times, but as everyone knows about the situation at that time, because we did not have a strong body and no way to cultivate immortality, we humans, like all other spirits except monsters and beasts, lived in the cracks.

Not having enough to eat and not having enough clothes to cover your body are normal conditions.

In addition, they also have to face the hunting and driving away of monsters.

It can be said that mankind at that time was really miserable and could be exterminated at any time.

In that case, there was no room for a single human being to survive. Our ancestors had to form groups, small teams, and tribes in order to survive.

What was their survival mode like at that time?
If you catch a prey today, you share a little bit with me. After I survive and I collect food tomorrow, I will share a little bit with you.

What kind of model is this?This is a model of helping each other.

You can think about it, if someone has selfish motives at this time and catches prey but does not want to share it with others, can others survive?
Most likely, right, it's just a meal after all.

However, if this happens for a long time, some members of the tribe will definitely starve to death.

The number of ethnic groups at that time determined the strength of the ethnic group, so when someone started to hide food secretly, it meant that the strength of their ethnic group was declining.

When it drops to a certain level, their group will naturally become extinct.

From this perspective, our ancestors were actually generous people and had distributed food to others. "

At this time, Ji Mingchun suddenly raised his hands and stood up and said:
"Teacher, I have a question! Teacher, logically speaking, whether you help others or not, the total amount of food remains the same, so the number of people who can feed it should be about the same. How could it be drastically reduced or even extinct!"

Hearing this, before the master on the stage could speak, Meng Huai beside him said: "Brother Ji may not know something, food cannot be stored for a long time.

According to our current environment, without the aid of salt, ordinary food can only be stored for three days.

At that time, it was a primitive tribe and a fishing and hunting civilization, and the prey caught would probably spoil in a day.

If you want to store it for a long time, it must be food such as nuts or rice and wheat.At that time, there was probably very little food, not enough to eat at all! "

“That’s good, but there is another issue to note.

Hunting animals is quite unstable. There may be none today or the day after tomorrow, but there will be many the day after tomorrow.

But there is too much to eat in one day, so in order to maximize your own interests, these must be distributed in exchange for food allocated at other times. "

"Thank you teacher for your guidance, thank you Brother Meng, the student understands!"

"Ok!"

The Master nodded and then said:

"As you can see from the situation just now, distributing food to other people is something our ancestors must do.

Because only in this way can they survive.

But if at this time, there is a person who hides food secretly and only eats the collective food, but never distributes it, then if you are also in that tribe, what will you do? "

"Expulsion!"

"I don't want him anymore!"

"Don't let him be a scourge!"

The students responded with outrage.

"Yes, driving him out is indeed a feasible method. Even many tribes have done that.

But if there were relatively few people in that tribe at that time, one less person would likely perish directly; or what if that person was the son of the tribe leader, or another relative?

At this time, it is necessary to characterize his behavior and urge him to make corrections.

So what comes out? "

"Good and Evil!"

"Yes, the concept of good and evil has emerged.

At this time, everyone calls the act of distributing food to others good, and the selfish act of hiding food is called evil.

With the concept of good and evil, everyone can judge evil behavior in words and deeds, despise him, and urge him to make corrections.

Once someone refuses to be punished, they can be expelled from the group.

Or you can just follow the same example and do nothing to save the other party outside, directly isolating the other party until the other party dies.

Here is the most primitive view of good and evil.

What is beneficial to the ethnic group is called good, and what is not beneficial to the ethnic group is called evil!
After a long period of time, humans slowly developed, discovered rice, wheat, sorghum and other products, and planted them, and agricultural civilization began.

Due to its superior stability, agricultural civilization can accommodate a larger population. At this time, the scale of human tribes is getting larger and larger, and they gradually form countries and form a large collective organization.

In this organization, because the population is too large and complex, it is difficult to judge how useful or harmful a person's behavior is to the group. In addition, there is more and more food, even if it is no longer uniformly distributed, No one will starve to death.

In other words, even if they starve to death, the impact on the ethnic group will be minimal.

By this time, the primitive tribe's mutual help model began to break down.

After all, even if you are helping others, you should first help your own people, your wife, husband, and children, so that your own people can live a better life and let your blood be passed on. This is everyone's nature and genetic endowment. Our instinct.

This is the process of the birth of private ownership that continues to this day.

Private ownership was born, but the pattern of mutual help did not completely collapse.

Why do you say that?
Because not everyone has enough resources to live well.

There are always some people who cannot survive alone and can only rely on the collective.

Another point is that everyone should know that some things cannot be done well by one person.

For example, building a house, for example, digging a well.

It is difficult for one person to solve these problems, but the people at the bottom do not have enough money or remuneration, or they simply do not want to give it or cannot give it, so what should they do?

Au pair! "

"Au pair?"

"Yes, it's an au pair! You help me build my house today, and I'll help you build your house tomorrow.

Today I will help your family harvest wheat, and tomorrow you will help me harvest wheat.

Meng Huai, Xia Yang, and Shen Mu, you guys should have a deep understanding of these! "

"Indeed! My neighbors helped build my house. Of course, my family will also help them build their house!"

"It's the same in my family. When we harvest wheat during the busy farming season, it's basically your family's harvest and my family's harvest together."

"The same goes for my family. To build something a little bigger, the neighbors all helped."

Seeing several people like this, Ji Mingyao and others beside them were thoughtful.

They are all from the families of wealthy officials and merchants, and rarely encounter this kind of situation, so they are still very surprised by this.Unexpectedly, the people at the bottom are still using the model of the primitive tribal period, which is really interesting.

If this is the case, wouldn’t it mean that the richer you are, the less you need kindness, and the poorer you are, the more you need kindness, and the more you need to be able to show kindness?
Otherwise, if you really show your selfish side, wouldn't you be able to accomplish anything?

Although Ji Mingyao was thoughtful about this, she was not in a hurry to ask.

At this time, the Master continued to explain:
"So, what is goodness?

From the previous situation, we can see that anything that helps others and is beneficial to others can be called good;

On the contrary, if it is harmful to others and harms the interests of others, then it should naturally be evil! "

"What is good for others is good, and what is harmful to others is evil?"

The students chewed these words over and over, and it seemed that from this moment on, their minds were particularly clear, and it seemed that at this moment, their thoughts could illuminate the past and present.

But Kong Zhen still has doubts about this.

"Teacher, if that's the case, isn't selfishness an evil thing?"

Kong Zhen was a little hard to understand.

After all, he has been taught since childhood that selfishness is evil.

A gentleman should have both ability and political integrity, be magnanimous, and must not be selfish and take care of the people.

Although he has not done any of these, and few people have done it, this is what the sages left behind. Why did his master actually veto all of this today?
In this regard, the Master said: "How is evil?
You must know where good and evil come from. It was established to allow us humans to survive and develop better.

If a person is selfish but has never done anything to harm others, and has never harmed others or the collective, then how can he be called evil?
On the contrary, if a person is selfless but his actions cause heavy losses to the entire human race, can we call it good?

I think not! "

When Kong Zhen heard this, he thought deeply, it seems that this is indeed the case!
It feels good for you to selflessly dedicate yourself to yourself, but you bring risks to everyone. This really cannot be called kindness.

Is this just evil?

Kong Zhen was a little confused.After all, he already has a selfless heart. It seems a bit excessive for you to say that the other person is evil.

But if it is not evil and has hurt so many people and the entire human race, what should it be called?

Anyway, Kong Zhen asked himself, he would definitely scold the other party.

At this time, Gong Yu stood up and asked, "May I ask the teacher, what if it is beneficial to some people and harmful to others?"

"Of course, those who are beneficial are called good, and those who are harmful are called evil! As for the rest of the people who want to call it good or evil, it depends on which side they stand on!"

Can you do this?

Many students expressed that they had learned a lot.

Good and evil are not fixed.

But just after they finished sighing, they all nodded.

It is also true that good and evil should not be fixed at all, because few people can do something that is beneficial to the entire human race, or harmful to the entire human race.

All corresponding groups of people are different, and good and evil should not be fixed.

Just like there once was an empire called Datang, which imposed heavy taxes on the Hedong area, but it was indeed light on taxes and light on corvee in the Guanzhong area.

So for the people in the Hedong area, Datang's move was naturally evil, and it was the worst of evils. But for the people in Guanzhong, this move was a rare act of kindness.

Because they pay less taxes, but the policies they enjoy have not changed, or even increased.

Of course, this must ignore the subsequent fall of the Tang Dynasty. If this is added, it will be difficult to distinguish between good and evil.

After all, it’s hard to tell who pays more attention to long-term interests and current interests.

Some people value the present, while others value the future. This individual naturally has his or her own opinion.

But one thing is certain, it is certain that different people have different standards for judging good and evil.

This can help them quickly judge the pros and cons and consequences of things.

What's good for their own family or what's good for other people's families depends on their own choice.

Thinking of this, all the students stood up collectively and bowed deeply to the Master.

"Thank you teacher for teaching!"

"Thank you teacher for teaching!"

"Thank you teacher for teaching!"

"There is no need to be too polite. The so-called preaching, teaching and solving doubts, teacher is also practicing himself!"

"Practice yourself?"

The students expressed confusion.

"Yes, practice yourself! In fact, to a certain extent, practicing yourself is also a kind of kindness!"

"Is it also a kind of kindness? The students don't understand, so please ask the teacher to explain it clearly!"

When the master heard this, he smiled slightly.

"What I talked about before are all secular concepts. Countless sages have repeatedly stated it clearly in classics.

You teachers also have your own views on good and evil. "

"Also ask the teacher to enlighten me!"

“For the teacher personally, the teacher divides kindness into two types.

Be good to yourself and good people! "

(Both have four tones, verbs)

"A good person and a good person?" Everyone was a little confused.Didn't you say they weren't separated? Why are they starting to be separated now?
“That’s right, good to yourself and good people!
A good person is what we said before, helping others and being beneficial to others.

And being kind to oneself is beneficial to oneself.

To put it more simply, being kind to oneself means benefiting oneself. "

"Self-interest? Egoism? Teacher, isn't this a point of view that everyone is criticizing? What about you?"

"Criticism? First of all, you have to figure out whether you are criticizing purely self-interest, or whether you are criticizing others for your own benefit!

If you do something that has no impact on anyone else but benefits you, then why not do it?
If you do something that benefits both yourself and others, are you more motivated to do it? "

Hearing this, Meng Huai reacted first, "Zilu Shou Niu!"

"Yes! It's similar to Zilu receiving an ox.

Goodness comes at a cost.But if this cost can be covered by the results of doing good, then does everyone have the drive to do good?

As for those who are simply good people but not good to themselves, which is what people often call selfless, there are indeed such people, but how many are there?
To artificially raise the standard of good deeds is to oppose doing good deeds.

You should all know this! "(End of chapter)