History live broadcast: the beginning is Qin Shihuang's live broadcast of the subjugation of th

"To be ranked sixth, there is no doubt about Liu Xiu's ability. He has both merits and demerits."

"In that issue, Yin Lihua talked about changing the crown prince's position, saying that "the son is valued by his mother," and she also deposed the empress Guo Shengtong with the phrase "Lu Huo's style." Emperor Guangwu made a good start! "

"Of the 13 emperors of the Eastern Han Dynasty, 11 came to the throne before the age of 20, and they were often short-lived and without heirs."

"So heirs are introduced from the collateral line, and it is especially common for the mother to come to the court.

"But this was not a problem when Liu Xiu founded the country. He lived for 62 years and gave birth to 11 sons. He was the longest-lived and most "productive" of all emperors in the Eastern Han Dynasty."

"Liu Xiu's 11 sons came from three concubines."

"The two queens Guo Shengtong and Yin Lihua each gave birth to five children, and the beauty Xu had one."

"The Xu family is not favored. Her son Liu Ying is the youngest and has the lowest status among Liu Xiu's 11 sons."

"After Liu Xiu became emperor, he took Yin Lihua to the Luoyang Palace."

"He felt that Yin had a gentle and generous temperament and could be made queen because another nobleman, Guo Shengtong, had already given birth to a prince, and Yin Lihua insisted on being humble."

"So Liu Xiu made Guo the queen and his son Liu Qiang the prince."

"But after all, he loved Yin Lihua more and spent the most time with her. Sometimes he would let her accompany him when he went on expeditions. Their fourth son Liu Yang was born when Liu Xiu went to conquer Peng Chong. Compared with the loyal and courteous The prince Liu Qiang and the precocious Liu Yang are even more favored by Liu Xiu."

"In the 15th year of Jianwu's reign, Liu Xiu ordered all states and counties to re-measure the land area because he felt that the country's farm area figures were inaccurate."

"Every county sent people to Luoyang to report. Among the official documents from Chenliu County, Liu Xiu found a bamboo slip sandwiched in it that read: "You can ask questions in Yingchuan and Hongnong, but not in Henan and Nanyang. "

"He asked the messenger from Chenliu County where it came from and what it meant."

"The messenger refused to tell the truth, saying that he had picked it up in Luoyang City and mistakenly included it in the official document. Liu Xiu was furious. Liu Yang, who was only 12 years old at the time, interrupted behind the tent, "That was the order given to him by the county. , probably because he wanted him to inquire about the measurement results of other counties for comparison. ""

Liu Xiu asked, "Even so, why do you say Henan and Nanyang should not ask?" ""

"Liu Yang replied, "Henan Yin is the seat of the capital and has many close relatives of the emperor. Nanyang County is the hometown of the emperor and has many close relatives of the emperor. The houses and fields exceed the regulations and cannot be regarded as standards. "

"Liu Xiu asked someone to question the messenger, and it turned out to be true. As a result, Liu Xiu loved Liu Yang even more."

"" Regarding her fall from grace, Queen Guo Shengtong complained from time to time, but this only increased Liu Xiu's anger. "

"In October of the 17th year of Jianwu, the Guo family was finally deposed, and Liu Xiu was granted the title of Queen Yin Lihua instead."

"After his mother was deposed, Prince Liu Qiang felt very uneasy. Someone advised him, "Staying in an unstable position for a long time is not only against filial piety, but may also bring danger. It is better to resign as prince to support his mother. ""

"Liu Qiang asked people to express this intention to Liu Xiu several times. Liu Xiu delayed for several years and finally agreed to let Liu Qiang and Liu Yang exchange brothers. Liu Qiang became the King of East China Sea, and Liu Yang became the crown prince and changed his name to Liu Zhuang. "Liu Qiang There is no fault, and according to common sense, it should not be abolished. "

"Liu Xiu explained in the edict that according to the principles of the Spring and Autumn Annals, the principle of noble birth should be used when selecting successors. Liu Yang was born to Queen Yin Lihua and should inherit the throne. The problem is that even so, Liu Yang is Yin Lihua's fourth son. , why is it his turn?"

"This arrangement is not without consequences."

"In the 28th year of Jianwu, someone wrote a letter saying that Liu Xiu's sons were friends with the descendants of the people he killed. These people were afraid that they would cause trouble."

"It happened that Liu Li, the son of the new emperor Liu Xuan, killed his brother Liu Gong because he resented Liu Penzi for killing his father."

"And Liu Li was a guest of King Pei Liu Fu (the Queen of Guo). Liu Xiu was furious and sent Liu Fu to prison for three days. He ordered all counties and counties to search for the people his sons had befriended, and implicated the killing of more than 3 people. people."

"In the second year of Zhongyuan, Liu Xiu passed away and Liu Zhuang ascended the throne. What should happen will still happen."

"Liu Zhuang's compatriot Liu Jing wrote a letter and had someone pretend to be the family member of Liu Qiang's uncle Guo Kuang and send it to Liu Qiang. The letter said that Liu Qiang and Queen Guo were not guilty, but they were demoted and suggested that Liu Qiang raise an army to take back the world."

"Liu Qiang was stunned after reading the letter. He immediately arrested the person who sent the letter, sealed the envelope and reported it to Liu Zhuang. Liu Zhuang found out that the person who wrote the letter was his brother, so he had to classify the matter as top secret and put it aside. Later, Liu Jing cursed the court. , threatened to rebel, was impeached and committed suicide.”

"In addition, Queen Guo's son Liu Kang conspired to be "unruly" and five of the six counties were cut off."

"Her other son Liu Yan cursed the court during the sacrifice, and more than a dozen counties were reduced to two."

"Liu Ying, the son of Xu Meiren, made friends with guests, "conspired to rebel", and committed suicide after being deposed. However, Liu Fu, who was imprisoned for three days at that time, has been cautious about his health, devoted himself to learning, and wrote "The Theory of the Five Classics", which was called "The Theory of the Five Classics" by people at the time. "Tonglun on King Pei".

"Politics is mainly divided into two parts: system and personnel."

"In the late Western Han Dynasty, his relatives took over the power, and Wang Mang emerged as the successor of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, after the founding of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu personally took care of many government affairs in order to avoid losing power."

"Later generations criticized Liu Xiu for having affairs but no governance, which means that he himself was a wise king. Later, his son Ming Emperor Liu Zhuang and grandson Zhang Emperor Liu Jin were also wise kings, but they only handled personnel affairs well and did not create good systems."

"In this way, if the emperor is good, things will be handled well, but if the emperor is bad, there is no effective way to control him."

"This is a major issue in the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty and a long-term issue in the history of China's political system."

Queen Xu: Although Emperor Guangwu was not very kind to Guo Shengtong, we can see his great affection and righteousness towards Yin Lihua. Perhaps it was what Miss Zhang said, the queen is too unlucky, and you have always been their stepping stone.

Xiaozhuang: The Yin Queen gave birth to children one after another, and the prince Liu Zhuang, during his tenure as King of Donghai, performed significantly better than the Crown Prince Liu Qiang in terms of political performance. Queen Guo may have felt threatened and often complained in front of Liu Xiu. He was also unwilling to cooperate with Liu Xiu's educational philosophy and was unwilling to take care of other people's children, which aroused Liu Xiu's resentment.

Emperor Guangwu may have gradually realized that compared with Yin Lihua, Queen Guo did not have the virtues that a lady should possess, while Lu and Huo Zhifeng were worried that after their death, their other children would be poisoned by her, and they did not dare to entrust their children to She, a woman's jealousy should have given Emperor Guangwu a bad warning and deposed him in advance.

Qin Liangyu: The situation of Queen Guo is much better than that of other deposed princes, concubines, queens, etc. It is rare among previous emperors. This may be the secret of Emperor Guangwu's success in troubled times.