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Chapter 172 Economic Reform
"You must know that the situation at that time was different from that of later dynasties. At that time, people in the Shang and Zhou dynasties only had the concept of "tianxia" in their hearts and no concept of "country". Until the fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the collapse of rituals and music in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, hundreds of territories were divided and the land was broken. Only then did the vassal states begin to annex each other, and the monarch’s desire for hegemony expanded rapidly.”

"The reform situation at that time was also full of endless bitterness and ups and downs behind Guan Zhong."

"In 686 BC, there was a turmoil in the Qi Kingdom. The powerful minister Gongsun Wuzhi killed King Qi Xiang and replaced him. After all, he had an unfair reputation and was killed by others only a year later."

"The ancients said that "a country cannot live without a king for a day." At that time, the most qualified kings of Qi were Gongzi Jiu and Gongzi Xiaobai, and Guan Zhong was from Gongzi Jiu's faction.

"He secretly helped Young Master Jiu return home as soon as possible to inherit the throne, and ambushed and killed Young Master Xiaobai on the way. Fortunately, the latter's big arrow was blocked by the copper ornaments and saved his life. Later, with the help of Bao Shuya, Young Master Xiaobai was saved. Bai took the lead to arrive in Qi and became Duke Huan of Qi."

"After he ascended the throne, Young Master Xiaobai did two things. One was to reward Bao Shuya, and the other was to seek revenge from Guan Zhong, but Bao Shuya stopped him."

"The reason is that Guan Zhongnai is a genius in the world. The new king of Qi has become politically unstable. People like him will continue to take charge of the overall situation."

"Qi Huan Gong was also a man of great talent and strategy. After considering Bao Shuya's advice, he put aside his personal grudges, took Guan Zhong back to Qi and worshiped him as prime minister. Guan Zhong was also grateful to Qi Huan Gong for repaying evil with kindness and pouring his talents into his hegemony."

"In addition to the instability of the new monarch's regime, Qi State also faces two serious problems."

"First, after the collapse of ritual and music, the eight hundred princes continued to fight. The Di people in the north, the Rong people in the west, and the barbarians in the south waited for opportunities to invade the Central Plains. Qi State, as a big country in the east, suffered greatly."

"Secondly, due to the early internal military coup, the Qi State has long lost its former prosperity, the national treasury is empty, the people's livelihood is in decline, and there is a crisis of being invaded and annexed by other countries at any time. It can be said that the Qi State has reached a critical moment of life and death at this time. "

"The ancients said, "If you don't destroy it, you can't establish it." There are both dangers and opportunities in crises. War caused all the countries in the world to suffer. At the same time, it also destroyed the old system and opened a hole for the birth of the new system. This is what Guan Zhong's reform is about It kicked off against the backdrop of.”

"The scope of Guan Zhong's reforms was very broad. He was also the first person to put forward the theory of the "Four People". If his reforms were summarized and classified, it could also be summarized as a reform of the "Scholars, Farmers, Industry and Businessmen" and the Four People, which involved politics. , economic, military and cultural aspects."

"Before Guan Zhong, the ruler of Qi State, Guan Zi, had carried out a series of reforms, but failed to persist due to various reasons."

"Guan Zhong took over Guan Zi's reform ideas and believed that only through reform could the plight of Qi be saved. Guan Zhong analyzed Qi's political, economic and military conditions and found that the country had many problems, such as political corruption, military disorganization, and economic backwardness. "

"Therefore, Guan Zhong's reform was to start from these problems and achieve the prosperity and stability of Qi through reform system, strengthening military construction, promoting economic development and other means."

"There is a saying that goes, "If you have enough food and clothing, you will know etiquette; if you have enough food and clothing, you will know honor and disgrace." Many people know the meaning of this sentence, but they don't know that this sentence was proposed by Guan Zhong and was also a program for his economic reform. "

"Guan Zhong proposed: "Any way to govern a country must first enrich the people." This is what is now called "hiding wealth among the people." How to achieve this? He made corresponding changes in the two major fields of agriculture and commerce."

"Before Guan Zhong's reforms, most of the land in Qi was concentrated in the hands of the nobles." "Guan Zhong believed that agriculture is the foundation of the country and food is the country's wealth, so agricultural production should be valued."

"He advocated farmers to vigorously develop agricultural production while restricting the activities of businessmen."

"He believes that businessmen will stop farming when they make money, and farmers will buy food when they make money. In this way, the price of food on the market will rise and farmers will benefit."

"At the same time, the land reform was carried out, and the land in Qi was owned by the state, not by individuals."

"He implemented a land system reform that divided land into "public land" and "private land." Public land is produced for the country, while private land belongs to individual farmers."

"In this way, Qi's land has been better utilized and farmers' production enthusiasm has also been improved."

"Guan Zhong also implemented a land equalization system. He divided Qi's land into several parts according to the population and labor force, and allocated them to farmers for farming. This system can ensure that farmers have enough land for farming, and can also increase the country's tax revenue. income."

Li Shimin: What a good mind!After Guan Zhong's reforms, he took the land back to the monarch, and then distributed the land to ordinary people in the name of the monarch, which consolidated his position and made the monarch even more happy.

Qin Shihuang: This is completely different from Shang Yang's reform. Shang Yang's reform believed that the dynasty should "focus on agriculture and suppress commerce", but Guan Zhong believed that industry and commerce must also be taken into consideration when developing agriculture. Guan Zhong's reform was indeed superior on this issue.

Wei Zheng: This means that "if there is no market, the people will be depleted; if there is no profit, where will the industry come from?" This business tax is indeed a lot!
Yu Qian: This commercial tax is really an important source of various dynasties, but it was Guan Zhong who really institutionalized commercial tax, which invisibly promoted the reform of the systems of various countries. Guan Zhong's political ability was indeed extremely strong!
Cao Cao: Then you can’t go to the Martial Arts Temple!
Yin Lihua: Miss Zhang said that going to the Martial Arts Temple is not only about fighting, but also about military capabilities. He has indeed made a lot of contributions to military reform.

Guantao: So is it still necessary to escape on the battlefield?

Yin Lihua: Lord Guan Zhong also has his own reasons, right?

Li Jing: Guan Zhong is great, but how does Guan Zhong compare with Bai Qi and Wu Qi?Do you know how many people have young children, wives, and parents at home who are killed in battle by soldiers?A coward is a coward. I won't say anything about Guan Zhong in the Confucian Temple. He actually used "morality" to gain power in the Martial Temple. It's time for the Martial Temple to be abolished!
Yue Fei: Without even looking at which emperor the person who replaced the Martial Temple belonged to, can you understand him with a normal person's perspective?

Li Jing: ...

Cao Cao: Ahem!Cao wanted to avenge the injustice, but he actually forgot about this person. General Yue Fei was right. This martial arts temple should use the Tang Dynasty as the standard. I will not recognize the subsequent changes.

Li Si: I actually forgot which emperor changed it. We are still discussing here. Can we recognize the martial arts temple that was changed by the Emperor of the Song Dynasty?
Li Longji: Ahem!Forgot the main problem, he himself is a scammer, how dare he change the martial arts temple with "morality".

(End of this chapter)