In the Southern Song Dynasty, I competed with Mongolia for the world

Chapter 300 A navy more powerful than Zheng He’s fleet (big chapter)

Jia Sidao was the most scolded Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty in history. Many people will only remember that he loved to fight crickets, like a gangster, and then forced good generals Xiang Shibi and Cao Shixiong to death, and forced Liu Zheng to rebel. He used the wrong example Tigers and all sorts of evil things.

Jia Sidao was naturally responsible for accelerating the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, but he could not put all the blame on him alone. In addition to the previous powerful ministers who had left him a huge mess, the death of the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty was also important. One of the reasons.

In fact, Jia Sidao had some ideas and abilities of his own in both military and civil matters, but he was limited by that era. Some of them were accomplished while others were not.

For example, in the historical Battle of Ezhou, Jia Sidao entered the critical Ezhou City from Hanyang to supervise the division and personally commanded the defense of Ezhou. In order to prevent the Mongolian army from digging tunnels to enter Ezhou, Jia Sidao built an extra tunnel inside the city wall overnight. After raising the wooden fence surrounding the city, Kublai Khan learned the news and was shocked by Jia Sidao's military talent. He said the famous saying: "I am safe as if I am safe, I will use it."

After the Battle of Ezhou, Jia Sidao did not agree to Mongolia's request for annual coins. Although it was wrong to hide the truth about the peace talks, it was at least a hundred times better than paying the Mongolian coins during the era of Shi Miyuan and Han Jianzhou.

Even Liu Kezhuang, an official and poet of the Southern Song Dynasty at that time, also praised: "Rising up hand in hand, galloping twice as fast as possible, he was ahead of the soldiers, and was caught by the arrows. With the price of his uniform and yellow ax, he could lie down with the soldiers for months. He was able to lay down all his eggs. The iron cavalry that sweeps an isolated city like a mountain is an unparalleled achievement." Looking at this description, Jia Sidao can even take the lead on the battlefield.

Even Wen Tianxiang, who was a political enemy of Jia Sidao, also praised this battle: "How brave can we be before we have fought in Ezhou?"

Let’s talk about another thing that Jia Sidao failed to accomplish, which is the famous public land law.

Jia Sidao's idea was very advanced, and he knew that land annexation was serious in the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, wars were frequent in the Southern Song Dynasty, food demand was great, land was concentrated in the hands of powerful people and landlords, and the court could not collect much tax. He promoted the public land law and the Ming Dynasty's A whip, a stall owner in the Qing Dynasty entered the house, and Zhao Yurui's land was almost the same, which was to increase the income of the court and attack the landlords.

To this end, Jia Sidao took the lead in donating [-] acres of fertile land in western Zhejiang as public land.

Just based on this, no one will do this for hundreds of years after you.

Of course, since he had seriously offended the landlords by doing this, he would naturally be unable to do it just like Wang Anshi.

If Jia Sidao met the current emperor Zhao Yurui and had Zhao Yurui's knife to open the way, he would definitely be able to accomplish this, and the Southern Song Dynasty would probably live for a few more years.

Jia Sidao is a very thoughtful and bold person.

Just as Zhao Yurui said after observing him, Jia Sidao at this time dared to do anything except killing anyone.

You dare to seize the land of all landlords in the world, what else can you not do?
Tongguan is located in the golden realm, and Jia Sidao actually dared to go there. Zhao Yurui knew that he could be well cultivated.

Jia Sidao might become a powerful and treacherous minister when he meets a foolish king, but when he meets Zhao Yurui, he will only have to work hard for Zhao Yurui in the future.

A few days after Zhao Yurui sent Jia Sidao to Tongguan, he came to Lin'an Shipyard.

Lin'an was originally the center of the shipbuilding industry in the Southern Song Dynasty. There were not only official shipyards, but also a large number of private shipyards. After Zhao Yurui came to power, a large number of shipwrights who were originally in Dinghai were moved here by Zhao Yurui, making Lin'an Shipyard the largest in the world. shipyard.

Before Zhao Yurui, Lin'an Shipyard was the largest shipyard in the Southern Song Dynasty in terms of area and had the largest number of shipwrights. However, it did not build the largest number of ships, and the quality was not as good as that of private shipyards.

The main reason is that the government does not pay enough attention to the treatment of craftsmen, and coupled with official corruption, naturally nothing can be done well.

Under Zhao Yurui's various reforms, the wages of craftsmen have improved, and the output and quality of Lin'an Shipbuilding have also improved.

Before Zhao Yurui's restructuring, Lin'an government-run shipyard built too many types of ships, almost all kinds of ships.

Mainly include sea-going ships (ocean-going ships, shallow-sea ships), river ships (passenger and cargo mixed ships, cargo ships, passenger ships, outline ships, house ships, rice-trading ships, monastery ships, dung ships, fishing boats, river boats), lake Boats (royal boat, lake boat, car boat, fishing boat, fishing boat, melon boat, small foot boat, lotus picking boat, life release boat), etc.

Zhao and Rui later differentiated the shipyards. The largest shipyard in Lin'an only built sea-going ships and no other ships.Some shipyards only build cargo ships and passenger ships, and some shipyards only build large-scale ships.

Then a large number of small and medium-sized ships were handed over to private shipyards, and the government mainly built large ships for military and civilian use.

At this time, Lin'an No. 2000 Shipyard only built large ships with materials of more than [-] materials. There were more than [-] craftsmen in the whole plant. If the materials were sufficient and they were fully built, they could build at least [-] ships per year.

Because Zhao and Ruida have built many new shipyards across the country, and there is currently no pressure on the sea, in the past few years, he has only maintained the growth of [-] large-scale ships across the country every year, and small and medium-sized ships have been shipped to private shipyards at any time. In terms of procurement, it is basically guaranteed to add more than a thousand ships a year, and at the same time eliminate some old ships.

This time he came to Lin'an Shipyard mainly to see how the jib worked.

The treasure ships used by Zheng He during his voyages to the West in the Ming Dynasty only had four-sided sails. Therefore, Zheng He's voyage route basically followed the coastline within [-] kilometers and did not dare to go to the open sea.

At this time, the square sail is easy to operate, the wind volume is large, and the speed is faster when the wind is downwind. However, once the wind goes against the wind, the sail will be lowered and manpower will be needed to assist the progress, otherwise it will be extremely slow.

Zhao Yurui proposed the triangle sail in the fourth year of Baoqing. The shipyard craftsmen conducted many studies and finally built the current triangle sail.

By the time Zhao and Rui arrived at the shore, some craftsmen and officials had gathered at the scene.

A [-]-ton sharp-bottomed ocean-going ship was waiting quietly on the shore.

The triangular sail is arranged parallel to the direction of the hull, so it is also called a vertical sail. It uses something similar to Bernoulli's principle. After the vertical sail, because the air flow speed on the leeward side is fast, the pressure is small, while the air flow speed on the windward side is slow and the pressure is It is large, which will produce a thrust on the windward side and the leeward side. And because it is a vertical sail, that is, the sail and the hull are parallel, it will push the ship to the leeward side.

But if you keep pushing like this, the boat will capsize, so small dhows always move in a zigzag pattern.

But large ships can't move in a zigzag pattern, so multi-masted ships were born.

Using a combination of horizontal and vertical sails and using square sails and triangle sails together, the boat can have good speed regardless of the wind or the headwind.

When necessary, the square sail or jib can be raised and lowered at any time.

Historically, the evolution from two-masts to three-masts and four-masts was a gradual evolution and improvement, after countless generations of trials.

Zhao Yurui is just starting out now, and the first multi-masted ship that was successfully built was a two-masted ship.

The mainmast carries a large square sail, and the mizzen mast carries a triangle sail.

This is also the prototype of the famous Karak sailing ship, which was the first multi-masted two-masted sailing ship in the fourteenth century.

After this kind of ship came out at that time, it could not only travel at high speed in the strong winds of the Atlantic Ocean, but also maneuver freely in the changeable trade winds of the Mediterranean Sea. It was quickly promoted.

The on-site officials explained to Zhao Yurui their previous short-distance trial voyage. It was indeed as the emperor said, with both wind and headwinds possible, and the speed was much faster than the previous ships.

They set out from Lin'an City to Jeju Island, a round trip of about [-] miles. They used two ships at the same time, an old ship and a new multi-masted ship.

The former took twelve days to go back and forth, with an average speed of two hundred miles per day and an average speed of only about eight miles per hour.

The new ship took eight days to make the round trip, with an average speed of three hundred miles per day and an average speed of about twelve miles per hour.

Of course, this was only the speed at that time. At different times and in different monsoons, the speed performance would not be the same. Generally speaking, it is certain that the speed of new ships will increase significantly.

Zhao Yurui walked on the boat, listening and watching. The officials and craftsmen all had expressions of admiration for the emperor, because this was the emperor's suggestion, even if the emperor did not participate in the manufacturing.

Zhao Yurui patted a mast at this time, and suddenly called the ship supervisor Ji An and several craftsmen around him: "Since this ship can have two masts, can it also have three masts? Four masts, and then add Different square and vertical sails?”

Everyone was stunned for a moment, then nodded, and Ji An said: "Your Majesty, this is the reason."

"You guys try again. First try to get a small boat with four to five hundred materials, three or four masts, and then try various combinations of vertical and horizontal sails to see who is the fastest."

"Yes, Your Majesty." Everyone agreed quickly.

Zhao Yurui should know that three masts and four masts can be used, but he doesn't know how to match the foresight and horizontal sails.

The famous Galenic sailing ship of later generations had two square masts in the front and two vertical masts in the back. This was also the pinnacle of sailing warships.

"Wait a minute." Zhao Yurui pinched the sail again at this time: "Is this a single layer? Can it also be multi-layered?"

Everyone looked at each other, and then nodded, you can try it.

The development of later generations was multi-layer sails and multi-masts.

Zhao Yurui just told what future generations would know, but as for how to do it, he didn't know. It all had to be figured out and tested by the craftsmen themselves.

Finally he looked up at the sky and remembered that it was still early in the morning.

After the multi-masted ship came out, it didn't even take a day to go back and forth from Lin'an to Dinghai. We set off in the morning and came back in time for dinner.

He immediately turned around and called to the people behind him: "Let's go to the Dinghai Division Camp to have a look."

Everyone exclaimed: "Your Majesty."

No one expected that the emperor would suddenly leave Beijing.

But Zhao and Rui said that now they can run back and forth from Lin'an to Dinghai in one day, and they can go see the navy and come back.

Everyone couldn't stop it, so they had to get on the boat one after another, and also try to see if the clipper was so powerful.

After setting sail, Zhao Yurui said to some officials, yard supervisor Ji An and others with a serious face: "After the jib comes out, it cannot be hidden. Soon there will be people making it among the people."

"The imperial court will not issue a decree prohibiting private manufacturing. Some things may not be the best made by the imperial court."

"Using the jib and square sails, and the appropriate levels, there will naturally be unique innovations by folk craftsmen."

"What the imperial court has to do is to wait until the same sails come out from the private sector, pay more attention to them, learn the advantages of private shipyards, and put them to my use."

"In the future, it will even be spread overseas. If there is a better one overseas, we will learn from it and use it for my own use."

After hearing this, everyone nodded and praised the emperor for his sage.

Of course everyone is flattering, Zhao and Rui Shengming are nothing like that.

When he was the king of Wei, he applied to the late emperor Ningzong for a five-year sugar monopoly.

Now that time has passed, his yellow mud water drenching method is still kept quite secret. Some people already know that he used yellow mud water to do it, but they don't know the process.

After people use yellow mud water, the sugar still has a light black-red color, and cannot be as white as official white sugar.

This will definitely take a period of exploration. Even if some private sugar factories succeed, they will not tell others.

Therefore, Zhao Yurui estimates that Baitang's technology can be maintained for several more years.

Moreover, Zhao Yurui's most cruel trick was to impose heavy taxes on those with a lot of land. This meant that people who wanted to make sugar in the private sector would not have a lot of land to grow sugar cane. Therefore, no matter how powerful the private sugar factories were, they would definitely not be able to do it. Official office.

But the sail cannot be saved. If you leave it alone, others can see it. If you think about it, you can build it.

This is why he speaks so loudly now.

In the sixth year of Baoqing, Zhao Yurui's triangular sailing ship came out, and with his emphasis and investment in the navy in the past six or seven years, the Song Dynasty navy had surpassed the Zheng He fleet at the peak of the Ming Dynasty in terms of speed, load, and size. .Coupled with the heavy artillery he loaded on the ship, it is no exaggeration to say that the Song Navy at this time was invincible in the world.

But his opponent was the Mongolian cavalry, which was difficult to defeat on land.

Zhao and Ruikong have the strongest navy in the world, but they have nowhere to show their ability, and they are still very depressed.

To defeat Mongolia, we have to rely on cavalry, Zhao Yurui thought helplessly on the boat.
-
At the same time, thousands of miles away on the land of Tubo.

Gerile turned his head and looked at the two mountains in the distance.

This place was originally three miles west of Diezhou City. The north and south of Diezhou were covered with mountains. There were only roads from east to west, so there were two mountains nearby that were relatively close and connected by a stream in the middle. After the Song people came, they mobilized the people to blow up the mountains first. Stones were taken, a granary was dug in the mountain, and then the removed stones were used to build a new city wall between the two mountains, connecting the original Diezhou City.

This project is quite large. There are more than 1 Tibetan people. From the fourth to the sixth year of Baoqing's work, it has not been fully completed.

But after one or two years of construction, Diezhou City is now majestic and more solid. The city's area has expanded, and it is connected to the city wall by mountains. It has almost become the largest pass in Tubo.

Outside Diezhou City, not far away, there were originally two roads that could pass through. If the Mongolian army entered Tubo and did not want to attack Diezhou, they could directly take a detour.

But the Song people built two small castles on these two roads, which are said to be called bastions.

Since then, the southern road from Xixia to Tubo has been completely blocked.

If the Mongols wanted to enter, they could only go around from the west and pass through the Gobi Desert, a journey hundreds of miles further.

Are the Song people not planning to leave?Gerile looked at the busy figures at the foot of the two mountains and couldn't help but mutter a few words in his heart.

"Brother Gerile, when are you going to set off?" Just as he was looking thoughtfully into the distance, Gerile heard a voice coming from behind him.

He turned around and saw Murti, who was now a completely different person.

During the battle with the Song army in the fourth year of Baoqing, Multi was only sixteen or seventeen years old, quite childish, lazy, and frightened.

After living in Diezhou for more than two years, Multi has grown a lot taller. With years of training, his body has become stronger, and his dark skin exudes the sheen of strength.

Even when Gerile saw Murti now, he felt that he was very brave.

Multi had trained very hard in the past two years and had excellent riding skills. He was selected as a sentry rider by Song Dynasty.

Originally, the five thousand Tubo people formed their own army, but in the past two years, more than 100 people have been recruited into the Song army.

Multi was the commander of a certain battalion of Sentinel Cavalry of the Song Army and the captain of a ten-man team.

His subordinates commanded five Song people and five Xixia people, making them the envy of a large number of tribesmen around him.

Moreover, after Multi joined the Song army, he received a monthly salary, five kilograms of sugar, and five kilograms of refined salt. Originally, each Tubo household had to pay a tax of one horse, one cow, and ten sheep to the Song people every year. You can choose any one to be exempted from payment.

Murti chose not to hand over the cow.

At the same time, the tax on the fifteen acres of land allocated to Murti's family was changed from [-]% to [-]%.

His treatment made the Tubo people jealous even more.

Even Gerile was secretly jealous.

Until now, he only had a hundred-strong Tubo army, and his subordinates were all his own people, and he had no military pay.

They also had to pay sufficient taxes on cattle, horses, sheep, and grain to the Song people every year.

Now Multi is not only exempted from tax, but also has extra military salary income, and his life is getting better and better. Because Gerile and Multi live next door, and they are good friends, many tribesmen want to marry their daughter. Multi.

But Multi actually wanted to marry a Han man, saying that he had no plans to get married for the time being.

Multi's heart changed, and Gerile sighed secretly.

"Let's go." At this time, Gerile nodded to Multi and turned around to drive the carriage.

This time, he, Multi and several other tribesmen brought a large amount of things to the Ruogai Grassland Trading Market for trading.

The people of the Song Dynasty set up trading centers in Ruogai Grassland, mainly for transactions between the Song Dynasty and Tubo tribes.

The Tibetan people in Diezhou City can also trade if they have their own goods.

At first, they had one day off every five days of training in Diezhou, and then gradually changed to six days off, and seven days off.

The first year was the hardest. Starting from the second half of the fifth year of Baoqing, it was changed to seven days off and two days off.

The two days of rest would give them enough time to trade in the Ruogai Grassland.

There were eight people in their group, five of whom were soldiers, and only Multi was a sentry rider of the Song Army.

Their carriage was bought from the Song people with Multi's money, because only Multi could get a consistent amount of copper coins every month.

The copper coins of the Song Dynasty are very useful here and are very popular among the nobles of Tubo.

Moreover, Gerile later discovered that the Song soldiers were basically paid in Huizi or iron coins, while only the Tubo people were paid in copper coins.

Therefore, in Diezhou City, Huizi is used interchangeably with copper coins and iron coins.

Think about it, this is far away from the Song Army. The Song Army has [-] soldiers and horses here. If each of them is given copper coins and paid in place every month, it will be very troublesome to just transport copper coins and iron coins.

At this time, during the late Song Dynasty, Sichuan used more iron coins. It is normal to have iron coins here. The ratio is still about one to six. One copper coin can be exchanged for six iron coins. This is what Zhao and Rui tried to do after they ascended the throne. results of the approach.

Previously, in the Sichuan-Shaanxi region, no matter where Song, Jin and Meng controlled, the ratio of iron to copper was ten to one.

After Zhao Yurui came to power, he made a large number of copper coins and issued less huizi and iron coins. The prices of huizi and iron coins have now increased, at least in the Song Dynasty.

In the past two years, the Song people have successively discovered iron mines, copper mines, coal mines, and a rock mine (dolomite) that the Song people used to build houses in Diezhou City. However, Zhao and Rui did not know that dolomite existed at that time. What other functions are used in local construction.

Diezhou City began to have its own craftsmanship bureau, making its own soldiers and armors. Gerile also heard from Multi that starting next year, Diezhou will make its own copper coins, and it will be for the purpose of trading with various Tibetan ministries.

Diezhou City is becoming more and more perfect, and people from the Song Dynasty and doctors are here to treat them free of charge.

In just two or three years, it has already replaced Luoxe (Lhasa) as the most important and largest city in Tubo.

But everything is good here, except that there is no temple, Gerile thought secretly.

"Driving" At this time, more than a dozen horses and a large carriage were driving on the plateau. Gerile shook his whip and looked back at the team.

There were eight of them and they brought a large carriage loaded with things.

The carriage had to be pulled by four horses, and they brought eighteen horses.

Eight horses take turns to change this carriage, and the other eight people each ride one horse, with two more horses as spares in case of losses on the road.

When they return, he may have more horses.

As long as he finished this trip, he would at least make a lot of money, and Gerile felt happy.

"Multi, this carriage is good." At this time, a man named Abu rode up and rode side by side with Multi.

Murti shook his head when he heard this: "Of course it's good, I saved twenty copper coins to buy it."

"One-year free repair guarantee."

"What does guaranteed repair mean?" someone asked strangely.

"Within one year, if it breaks down, the seller of the carriage will repair it for free for me."

"Can this old car be used for a year?" Some people think it's impossible.

Multi said: "It can be used for two years. Our car is really good." He looked proud when he spoke, and said that we strictly regarded ourselves as Song Dynasty people.

Gerile looked at it with some discomfort. He looked back at the carriage again, but he had to admit that it was better than their carriage.

The carriages of the Song Dynasty were large and sturdy. The wheels and axles were made of iron pear wood unique to Guangdong and Guangxi, which was very durable. The only disadvantage was that it was expensive, and even if you had money, you might not be able to buy it.

Their manufacturing process is also different from ordinary carriages. There are bearings and sliding bearings on the axles. Song Jun uses copper and iron materials, and the ones sold are copper-clad iron. For long-distance travel, they use various animal oils, such as lard and lard.

There is also shock absorption on the frame, which is usually made of laminated layers of elastic paulownia wood or bamboo boards.

These are not what Zhao Yurui thought of. There were basically carriages in ancient times, but they were not fully used. Zhao Yurui's craftsmen just put together the parts they could think of, and then selected the best for each component. Materials form the most powerful carriage in this era.

The Multi carriage can carry [-] kilograms, and it is not the largest model of the Song Army.

In fact, it only took two horses to pull it up, but they used four horses and the speed was much faster.

The carriage contained two hundred kilograms of sugar today, all of which the family had accumulated over the past six months.

"I see that people in the Song Dynasty always have carriages, horses and mules to transport sugar. Are they making sugar in Sichuan?" Gerile couldn't help but ask Multi.

Murti is often with Song Jun and is relatively well-informed.

When they first came to Diezhou, people in the Song Dynasty said that sugar was transported from the south of the Yangtze River. It was not easy to transport it thousands of miles, so it sold at a high price.

But Gerile found that people from the Song Dynasty transported sugar very frequently, and it didn't look like it was transported from the south of the Yangtze River.

"We are planting on a large scale in Zizhou." Multi is us again.

Gerile looked around and saw that no one had any reaction, as if it was natural. He felt even more strange in his heart. It had only been about two years since the tribesmen, and many of them had already been assimilated by the Song people?

(The number of words in the update remains unchanged, try changing it to a single chapter, because it is important to achieve uniformity, and only with uniformity and pursuit can we have follow-up recommendations. Please support and subscribe)
(End of this chapter)