In the Southern Song Dynasty, I competed with Mongolia for the world

Chapter 270 Zhao Yurui opened his eyes and saw 16 yuan
Then Du Fan said that last year, 650 million copper coins were minted across the country, far exceeding the peak of the Song Dynasty.

The main reason for being able to hit so many is that Zhao Yurui also canceled the private ownership of copper mines and made them all state-owned, and imported a large amount of raw copper from Japan.

In the past, Song Ting bought copper materials from miners for 250 ren per catty, and then made copper coins at a loss.

Later, Zhao Yurui used Qin Zhuo's mine and asked Shi Miyuan to increase the purchase price of copper materials to 450 renminbi. At that time, Zhao Yurui made money by making copper coins, but it was still a loss to make copper coins from the copper materials purchased by the imperial court at 450 renminbi.

As mentioned earlier, the weight of each coin of the Song and Song Dynasties is basically between 3 grams and 4 grams. According to the 70% copper ratio, there are about 2.5 grams of copper material.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, one pound was 240 grams, and [-] pieces could be cast.

A pound of copper costs 450 Wen. Based on the purchase price of copper alone, the court will definitely lose money.

What's more, there are lead and tin in copper coins, as well as labor costs and machine loss costs, so they lose money.

The biggest costs are labor costs, machine wear and tear, and so-called fire costs.

After all of them are state-owned, the imperial court does not need to spend 450 yuan a catty of copper money, but only needs to pay the miners' wages.

Theoretically, a miner can create ten catties of copper material a day, add a few catties of tin and iron, and can mint nearly three coins.

The wages paid to the miner's family only need to be 150 to [-] Wen.

So it is very profitable to nationalize mines.

But the copper mines dug were not enough to build, so Zhao Yurui also imported raw copper from Japan, and exchanged white sugar for Japanese raw copper, which was also bloody.

Zhao Yurui reformed the coinage method in Xinzhou and strengthened supervision. Through the supervision of officials, the fire consumption, which was most prone to corruption, was reduced to almost zero.

After success, the country's mines will be nationalized and mint their own coins, so that they will not lose money and make money.

Zhao Yurui's method is actually very simple, and they learned it from the Yuan Dynasty later.

Don’t tell me that there is fire damage to the officials of the Mint Department. He called the officials of the National Mint Department to the capital to see with his own eyes how the workers here mint coins.

In front of them, Zhao Yurui's workers used one pound of copper materials and the accompanying lead and tin to make nearly 240 copper coins. In the end, there was some loss, and there may be a dozen copper coins that were slightly lighter in weight.

Then the emperor asked the officials, is there any fire consumption?

All officials can say is that there is no fuel consumption.

That's fine, you go to the minting department in various places, if there is a fire loss, you must either lose the money yourself, or cut it off.

The imperial court asks you to supervise the creation of money. If you suffer from disasters, it means that you do not supervise it well and you will have to pay for it yourself.

Zhao Yurui can not only mint a large amount of copper coins but also make money by taking them into the state. The most important thing is the supervision of officials.

Whether in ancient times or in later generations, everything that is not done well is human-made.

People are the foundation of a dynasty's rule. Zhao Yurui believes that he only needs to manage the people well. As long as he manages the people below, the people below will naturally help him manage the country well.

If the country is not managed well, it must be his fault, because he did not manage his own officials well.

But Du Fan minted a lot of copper coins and spent a lot of money.

Create mines related to copper coins, including copper mines, iron mines, lead mines, tin mines, etc. There are more than 50 large and small mines across the country, with nearly 15 miners and coin-making craftsmen. The largest mine is the former Xinzhou Zhao Yurui mine.

At this time, Du Fan said that last year, the total expenditure of the Department of Minting Money of the Ministry of Households was 560 million guan.

650 million copper coins were made, but only 90 copper coins were actually made.

The ministers were in an uproar when they heard the words.

No way, there are too many miners.

After Zhao Yurui nationalized all the mines, the number of miner craftsmen recruited increased significantly, which required the court to spend labor.

Fortunately, there are now Japanese raw copper imports, which can make up for some mining costs.

But whether making copper coins makes money is a trivial matter, because there was a shortage of copper coins in the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, so Zhao Yurui invested more than 600 copper coins in the market every year, which was very effective.

Other surrounding countries are short of copper coins, and there are more copper coins in the Southern Song Dynasty, which means that they need to trade more commodities and goods.

Moreover, copper is the most used to make copper coins, and the iron, lead, tin and other materials dug out at the same time are inexhaustible and piled up like mountains. These are also wealth.

So on the surface, it took 15 households to earn 90 guan. In fact, the harvest was quite fruitful, and it also contributed to the national economy.

Of course, Zhao Yurui told the on-site officials that they might not be able to understand this kind of thing.

"Let's put it this way, we used to be short of copper coins, so the imperial court wanted to issue more huizi. After the banknotes became rampant, the huizi continued to depreciate."

"Now that the imperial court has a large amount of copper coins on the market, and the Huizi are issued in small quantities, everyone should find that the old Huizi are becoming more and more valuable."

Zhao Yurui said a few words at this time, and the officials nodded in agreement.

Indeed it is.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, huizi were issued once. By the late Southern Song Dynasty, assuming that thirteen huizi were issued, the seventh and eighth huizi might be exchanged for copper coins at ten to one or even dozens to one. The ratio was quite outrageous and depreciated. Countless times.

Now that there are fewer huizi on the market and more copper coins, huizi starts to become valuable.

More than four years after Zhao Yurui ascended the throne, except for one Huizi issued in the first year, and the number was extremely reduced, now that the three-year period has come again, no more are issued.

The former old clubs on the market are also starting to be valuable.

When the money in the hands of the people is valuable, the people will consume it, and the consumption of the people will promote the circulation of commodities.

Similarly, more copper coins lead to frequent foreign trade and more foreign goods, and people are willing to consume, so everyone gets what they want.

In the past, a Japanese ship arrived in Zhejiang and was able to harvest all the copper coins in a coastal county.

This kind of thing is impossible now, which makes merchants from Japan, Korea, and even Mongolia and Jin willing to do business, because there are a lot of copper coins in the Southern Song Dynasty, and they are the most popular among everyone.

Generally speaking, according to Zhao Yurui's understanding, even if the minted copper coins lose 100 million guan a year, the obtained iron materials and other minerals, coupled with the circulation of copper coins, are good things for the current Southern Song Dynasty.

When he traded with Korea, Japan, Nanyang, Champa, and even Jinmeng, his most powerful weapons were copper coins and white sugar.

These two items are now more popular than tea, silk and ceramics, and are already the most popular items in Song court's foreign trade transactions.

After the copper coins, Du Fan reported other income one after another.

There are common silk cotton, variegated colors, grass, etc., as well as tea, salt, wine calculations, kilns, goods, purchases, and purchases.

In the end, everything was converted into money except food.

Last year, the total national income, tax and food was 400 million shi, and money was 9000 and [-] million guan.

These incomes have already included the income of the Sichuan Consulate General, and the income of Sichuan in the previous Jiading year was not included in it.

When everyone heard this data, they were quite shocked, and it broke the record again.

But at this time Zhao Yurui revealed something depressing.

From Jiading to the second year of Baoqing, grain prices in the Southern Song Dynasty were generally around one stone.

There are more than 4000 million shi in taxes and grains, which could have been converted into more than 8000 million guan.

But because Zhao and Rui measured grain fields and levied a comprehensive grain tax, a large number of landowners sold their land and grain, so grain prices actually dropped this year.

One stone only costs [-] yuan.

If counted as money, it would only be more than 6000 million yuan.

Of course, a drop in food prices is definitely a good thing and beneficial to the people.

Zhao and Rui all need to provide food to the army, craftsmen, and mining households, so it doesn't matter.

"Next, let's hear about last year's expenses."

Everyone's faces froze, and many people became nervous.

This kind of scene happened in the first year of Baoqing, the first year after Zhao Yurui ascended the throne. At that time, the expenditure of the previous year reached more than 9000 million guan, and the expenditure of Zhao and Rui that year reached 2000 million guan.

Because of insufficient money, Zhao Yurui could only issue 2000 million clubs.

Since then, until now, the emperor has never summoned his ministers to hear about expenditures and income.

This year is the second time.

Everyone secretly thought that with the emperor's great methods, it would probably exceed [-] million.

But the results were unexpected.

"Last year, the national expenditure was 600 million gu in money and 1000 and 90 million gu in grain." Following Du Fan's voice, the scene was filled with exclamations.

Regularized?No longer a negative number?

The finances of the Southern Song Dynasty have been negative over the years, and income is not as good as expenditure.

The first two years of Zhao Yurui's accession to the throne were still negative, so that after he notified in the first year, he did not report in the second year.

Now he is finally proud and has turned regular.

Everyone found it unbelievable. How could you say that you became a regular employee just after you became a regular employee?
Everyone listened intently, and finally found that the emperor's reform is still beneficial.

At this time, the national army of the Song Dynasty was close to 100 million, and all provinces and regions were recruiting additional troops.

In the first year of Baoqing's reign, the national army was only over 80. In just a few years, the emperor's army increased by 10,000+, approaching 100 million.

The annual military salary of about 2000 million is the biggest bulk.

Then, the annual investment in war horses, armor, warships, firearms, etc. last year was 300 million, and the military rations were about 500 million shi per year.

In addition, according to the reform of the official system in the first year of Emperor Baoqing, after several years of streamlining and adjustment, the current number of officials nationwide is controlled at 5000, which is still close to the target of [-], and adjustments will be made in the future.

The monthly money and welfare expenses of all officials are about 100 guan, and the official food (the food can be taken in the working field) is more than [-] million shi.

At this time, there were more than 700 counties in the country, and even a few outlying states, counties, and caves added up to less than one thousand.

The number of civil servants across the country has been reduced by 30 million in the past three years, and the total number is now controlled within 12. Including craftsmen, the total number is [-], including dozens in small counties and one or two hundred in large counties. (There are craftsmen in each county included in this)

The country's 12 official staff spent about 750 million guan on money and welfare, and more than 40 guan on food.

Post stations, kitchen households, tea households across the country, apprentices in local artisan workshops, sugar households, etc. belong to income-generating departments controlled by the imperial court. There are a total of about 15 households, with wages and welfare expenditures of about 700 million guan, and grain of more than 100 million shi.

These are the relatively large and relatively fixed expenditures of the Zhao and Rui courts at present. The total amount fluctuates up to 6000 million guan of money per year, and the annual food expenditure is 700 million guan.

In other words, if the emperor does not do anything every year, he will spend 6000 million yuan plus 700 million shi on a fixed basis.

Every day Da Song Company opened, 16 yuan went out.

Emperor Zhao Yurui lost 10,000+ blood every day when he woke up and opened his eyes.

(End of this chapter)