The Great Industrial Ming Dynasty Started from Beiping

Chapter 638 Long live His Royal Highness the Crown Prince
  "I don't know if the history books of later generations will record that I destroyed countless countries, or how to describe me."

The flag of Ming Dynasty is flying high.

The Ming Dynasty ruled the Samarkand region for nearly ten years.

Looking at this prosperous river area, Zhu Di's eyes were filled with emotion.

Wherever there are people, there must be water.

In densely populated areas, water sources are bound to be abundant.

In the endless sand dunes, Samarkand is already eroding due to overgrazing and desertification, and there is not much green space.

Nine thousand Ming cavalry, riding tall war horses.

The iron hooves of the war horse made a heavy sound on the ground. The horse's back was covered with a layer of golden light cotton armor, and the new style reins that were wrapped all the way to the horse's face were held by the knights with one hand.

There are many pockets fixed on the military saddle, which contain fixed paper packages of gunpowder, short thin copper drills, flints, a coil of hemp rope, fried noodles, and dried meat.
  The three-eyed firecracker is installed on the right front side of the saddle, and the knights can reach out and take it out. Some are also specially installed on the left front side of the saddle, because there are left-handers in the army.

Combining the weapon styles of Senan and Central Asia, the knight's sword uses part of the iron smelting technology of the Central Plains and is worn diagonally on the waists of the knights.

red flag.

Blue flag.

Black flag.

Yellow flag.

Colorful.

midair.

The huge sky lantern is raised and fixed to the ground by ropes, which can be seen very far away, reducing the risk of troops being attacked by sneak attacks.

The vehicle-mounted artillery pulled by the packhorse group, the artillerymen riding on camels, and the boxcar camp in the middle carried the army's supplies. The chariot soldiers not only use self-generated fire guns, but there are also spearmen and sword and shield soldiers on both sides of the carriage. Their duty is to protect the chariot.

The nine thousand cavalry, armed to the teeth, were the most elite troops of the Ming Dynasty in the seven western provinces. Up to [-]% of the equipment was supplied from the mainland.

This cavalry.

As Zhu Di lamented, countless countries have been destroyed.

From Hami to Yilibali, from Yining in Yilibali to Almaty, to Astana in the north, Kabul in the south, and Mashhad in the west, the total area is more than three million square kilometers.

The soldiers changed one after another, but what never changed was the flag of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Di, who had just destroyed the kingdom of Sarbieter in Sabzawal, quickly held a grand military parade after returning to Samarkand, which could be said to be the coming of all nations.

At least.

At present, there are no forces opposing Ming Dynasty.

Hu Guang, the governor of the seven provinces, stepped forward and laughed loudly: "The emperor's great achievements will surely be remembered for generations to come, and he will be respected by the people of future generations. I, the Ming Dynasty, are mighty!"

The bearded Zhu Neng smiled while stroking his beard.

Zhang Fu was in charge of the military parade under the city.

On the city wall, there are not only the civil and military personnel of the seven western provinces of the Ming Dynasty, but also the kings of various large and small kingdoms, or envoys. People praise the emperor of the Ming Dynasty for bringing vitality to this land.

It turned out that during the Timur period, it was the richest city in Central and Western Asia. Historically, until the death of Timur, the Timur Khanate fell apart and declined in long-term wars.

The disappearance of this place that had plundered the craftsmen and wealth of the entire Central Asia and West Asia represented a complete setback for the civilization of Central Asia and West Asia, a phenomenon of extinction that would not be resolved until later generations.

Viewed in this way, it reflects the importance of the emergence of the Ming Dynasty in Chinese history.

Today.

Groups of Han people were moved here, ditches were repaired, and steam engine pumping stations were used. Whenever water was needed, steam engines were used to pump water from the river into high ditches. Long ditches were used for irrigation. Acres on both sides.

Large-scale sheep farming is prohibited in the Samarkand region.

People have the old impression that Central Asia is nothing but desert.

In fact, this was not the case in ancient Central Asia and the areas beyond the Great Wall, including Gansu and Shaanxi in later generations.

The most feared thing on the grassland is the sheep.

Because sheep will eat the roots when they eat grass. When the number of sheep exceeds the load of the pasture, the grassland will soon turn into a desert. The desertified land will never be easy to recover.

Desertification expands from west to east. In addition to environmental influences such as climate and geography, it is also deeply affected by Central Asia.

Just like the capital city of later generations, no matter how hard it tried, it could not solve the wind and sand blowing from the Saibei area.

Stability is the foundation of economic development.

In the absence of a stable environment, no matter how wise the civil servants are and how brave the generals are, just like in the Three Kingdoms period, it will lead to slow productivity, poor supplies, and a decrease in population.

The Ming army was invincible, and the nation's self-confidence reached its peak.

Every soldier's face was full of arrogance.

Lively.

Many people know that the Ming Emperor is returning eastward. Unlike the Ming Emperor's return trip six years ago, this time there are fewer people with ulterior motives and more people accept the reality.

Whether barbaric or civilized.

Truth is within the range of the cannon.

Today's Ming Dynasty not only has its own cannons, but also has great power and stable order. No one can defeat Ming Dynasty. In despair, only surrender and obedience are left.

This is the same truth.

The rules set by Timur are rules, and the rules set by Ming Dynasty are also rules. To make others abide by the rules, you first need to be strong yourself, and secondly, you need to make the other party dare not violate them.

Because behind the rules is powerful force.

The governors of the seven western provinces are civilian officials, and the governors are military generals.

It has become a practice for the governors and governors to return to the country to report their duties in Beijing on a regular basis. Hu Guang still stayed in the seven western provinces as governor, and Zhang Fu and Zhu Neng were about to return to the country.

The new governors-general of the seven western provinces will be served by generals such as Wang Zhen, Zhao An, and Huo Zhen.

Same as years ago.

Some soldiers stayed, some chose to return home, and new soldiers would be transferred from the country. The land carried history, and a new era was born.

Square characters.

became the only text.

Chinese became the only official language.

In accordance with the requirements of the Ming Dynasty, kings from various places built post roads according to the Ming Dynasty standards and established a post station system.

Fifty-five-year-old Zhu Di spent more than ten years.

The wisest, most energetic and most cost-effective years were all spent in the western region. Like Zhu Di, those countless soldiers spent their youth here.

The seven western provinces support team of the Exploration Department.

A different map hangs in mid-air, with symbols of many colors marked on it.

"After long-term exploration in the Samarkand area, local coal mine resources are scarce, but there are many copper mines. In less than ten years, more than thirty copper mine sites have been detected."

The technicians from China invited local craftsmen. Those who were famous either went to the inland of Ming Dynasty or joined the local Ming Dynasty Industrial Bureau, and everyone discussed it seriously.

They will soon go to the city of Samarkand to present the results to His Majesty the Emperor to help with future layout.

Due to technical and time constraints, they did not reach the level of later generations. More than [-] copper deposits were detected in the Samarkand area.

"There are also many local gold mines. In the seven western provinces, except for the iron ore in the Yulong Chijie area, which is of good quality and easy to mine, the iron ore found in other places is not only of low quality, but also not easy to mine, and the cost is very high. "

"Mainly coal mines."

Coal mines are energy and the foundation of industry.

For many years, exploration teams have been looking for areas rich in coal deposits, but without much success, no shocking coal deposits have appeared in front of people's eyes.

"According to Master Awa and collecting local news, there are coal mines in the northwest of Yulong Chijie Dusi. After exploration, some were indeed discovered, but no mineral spots were found."

"We speculated that there may be coal mines further to the northwest, but because we have entered the Golden Horde's sphere of influence and are not safe, we gave up and continued to explore."

The eleventh year of Yongle.

The end point of the railway is Verumu. It departs from Verumu and arrives in the Samarkand area. According to the total mileage of the railway planned by the Exploration Department, it is about [-] miles. It finally officially kicked off.

The engineering team will not worry about being attacked by surprise, and the rails they build will not be stolen.

The residential areas along the way are mainly towns with a Ming population.

The Railway Engineering Department of the seven western provinces was born out of the Ministry of Railway Engineering. The number of official railway workers was [-], and the number of prisoners of war in the seven western provinces was more than [-], plus more than [-] people drawn from the eunuchs.

The number of construction workers directly involved in building this railway was as high as [-].

[-] people are distributed in various regions.

Countless supplies were supplied from within the country.

The factories of the Ming Dynasty Industrial Bureau, private commercial banks, and local urban residents, with large allocations from the Food Stamp Bank, seemed to have reproduced the phenomenon of the Peiping model. Twenty-three years of industrialization investment was finally spread across the entire Ming Dynasty, and the results were obtained. Feedback.

There is no shortage of food.

What is lacking is iron, coal, and all other materials.

In addition to Nanyang's railways, Nurgandusi's railways, and domestic railways, under the conditions of the Ming Dynasty's bumper grain harvest and warehouses being full, the slogan of factories large and small became that people should not stop machines.

If it were not for the Peking model, then this demand would swallow up everything, including the workers themselves.

Because the materials produced were taken away one by one and transported to where they were needed via railways and ships. In the absence of a breakthrough in technology, how to increase production became an urgent matter for Pai.

Domestically, there are departments and laws such as the Ministry of Workers' and Civilians' Union to suppress it, and a virtuous cycle must be maintained. In fact, Ming Dynasty's domestic demand has become less important in the face of such a project.

However.

There is a prince in the capital who no one can shake.

So the Ming Dynasty Industrial Bureau and businessmen tried every means, and finally they saw an opportunity in Korea.

Tons and tons of coal and iron ore are transported to the country.

But the country is still not enough.

Businessmen would like to treat one person as ten people, and would like workers to work non-stop without sleeping. Even so, they cannot meet the demand.

The same goes for railroads.

Railway bridges in Central Asia have led to higher construction difficulties and construction periods. Those regular employees of the Ming Dynasty Railway are trembling with fear, even if they are protected by the Workers' and Civilian Union Department.

Prisoners of war died every day.

The Engineering Department did not lack food, so it provided more food. In order to protect the health of the prisoners of war, it did not hesitate to purchase a large amount of herbal medicine from China and hired many doctors.

However, the dangers of the project and the ultra-high-intensity work meant that it could only be alleviated a little.

Scholars lament the horrors of industrialization.

They thought the mountains had always been like this.

The industrialization of the Peiping model had already shocked the Ming Dynasty. However, after more than [-] years, the Peiping model had laid its foundation in various parts of the Ming Dynasty, and the power it exuded was as devastating as a volcanic eruption.

This power cannot be controlled by anyone, not even Zhu Gaochi.

Fortunately, the layout over the years has kept this force from derailing and keeping it in the right direction. Production.

It seems that only production is left in the world.

Factories opened one after another, and the products produced by the factories could never meet the needs of society. Under the large infrastructure with the railway as the core, it was like the latest train, advancing unstoppably and no one could stop it.

No businessman can care about inheritance tax, this restriction, or that restriction.

People try their best to produce.

Production pays off.

The wages of workers have increased again, and they have begun to consume a lot. However, the restrictions on industrial production capacity have made all parts of the Ming Dynasty "scream".

"Crazy times."

"Dangerous times."

"Great times."

"A time of terror."

There were various voices in the newspapers, and countless scholars expressed their opinions.

In the face of huge interests, the craftsmen in the factory tried their best to solve the problems encountered in the factory, improve machines and improve production efficiency.

Various indigenous methods have been used, and new technologies have played a great role.

People figured it out.

The force of the tongs is inward. The craftsmen did the opposite and changed the direction of the force of the tongs. Similar tools allowed the workers to easily break the distance of the iron ring that was half a man high.

The densely packed red iron rings that had just come out of the blast furnace were pried open by workers using such tools, turning them into huge springs.

Cam hammer, friction hammer, pedal hammer, hanging hammer.
  The craftsmen have thought of all the ways they can think of. The same machines have been produced in forges and iron smelting plants, and the efficiency of each link has been improved, ultimately doubling the output of the factory.

The largest iron mine in Korea was discovered, and the largest coal mine was discovered.

The silver mines of Japan were discovered.

If from the [-]th to the [-]th centuries, the Spanish occupied [-]% of the world's gold and silver mines, then the first thing that Ming people can reach today is to look for minerals.

They are looking for ores in seven western provinces, in the Saibei and Senan regions, in Nanyang, and overseas. They need all the ores.

Through Zhu Gaochi's guidance, he directly skipped the early colonial stage and entered a stage focused on developing productivity. Coupled with the size of the Ming Dynasty, when Zhu Di returned to the country, he was somewhat unfamiliar with the Ming Dynasty.

What about the benevolence, righteousness, and moral integrity that we talk about, and our sense of shame as a human being?
  The people of Ming Dynasty searched frantically for ore.

"Is it the king's land in the whole world? Is it the king's ministers who are traveling all over the world and operating in all directions? This has been the case since ancient times. All the minerals, mountains and rivers in the world belong to the Ming Dynasty!"

The businessmen who had been refused permission to open the mining areas by the King of Goryeo, in front of the King of Goryeo, a hero with a hundred thousand soldiers, shouted loudly and confidently, making the King of Goryeo sick.

When the steam engine train just started, it was very slow and noisy. When it started running, it became faster and faster, became more and more unstoppable, and was difficult to control.

And when traveling at high speed, an emergency stop can cause the train to derail.

By the same token, the Ming Dynasty, which has a domestic population of hundreds of millions, is like a crazy Big Mac because of the lack of energy in the whole society, excluding those who are not from the Ming Dynasty. No matter whether it is Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism or any other school, in the land of Chinese civilization, it all changes due to social needs.

It was social demand first and then the popularization of the theory.

All kinds of ideas can be found in the hodgepodge of Confucianism.

In such an era, the people of Ming Dynasty are the happiest.

Including students.

Students from county schools, state schools, government schools, Imperial College, no matter what school they come from, are not short of jobs and have the confidence to plan their future.

Various businesses come to the school to recruit people.

Various units also arrived.

Even the imperial court showed up.

Recruiting, expanding, recruiting, expanding are trapped in a cycle. The competition is the speed of expansion. Whoever expands faster will have stronger capital. Putting people first has become a competition to grab people.

The unearthed bronze tripod from the Warring States Period, which became the treasure of the Gansu Museum in later generations, has the same design as the pressure cooker in later generations.

Based on this principle, scholars created a pressure cooker.

Soon the patent was bought and used in steam engines.

The development of the coal mining industry has spawned a large number of technologies. Scholars and craftsmen have more divisions and understanding of coal mines. They understand coal mines from aspects such as crack degree and porosity, and further subdivide the production efficiency of the coal industry.

Through the understanding of coal mines, new coke refining technology has been developed. What kind of coal mine can produce what quality of coke? Different cokes are used to calcine steel with different needs.

The craftsmen figured out a way to pass the water through the coal mine raw materials to the sieve plate.

The steam engine drives the sieve plate cycle.

Through the pool driven by the water pump, under the action of external force, the water flow periodically rises and falls through the sieve plate holes. When the water flow rises, the coal mineral materials rise and loosen. When the water flow moves downward, even before that, the dense coarse materials The particles have moved downward first.

As the looseness of the bed decreases, the movement of coarse particles becomes difficult, and only fine particles can move downward through the bed gaps, which is called interstitial movement. Descending water flow ceases and stratification generally ceases.

Then the next cycle starts and continues to layer. The final result is that the denser particles are in the lower layer, and the lower density particles are concentrated in the upper layer and discharged separately.

Changes in this industry chain have increased efficiency several times.

Changes everywhere add up to a breakthrough in overall productivity. Even so, they cannot keep up with the needs of social development, new urban areas, new buildings, new roads, and new shipyards.
  One of the biggest needs is still large railway projects.

The development of construction in various places and the supply of overseas materials have doubled the shipbuilding industry, bringing more demand.

The more it develops, the greater the demand.

At the end of the eleventh year of Yongle.

The Ming Dynasty Science and Technology Conference was opened as scheduled. Excellent scholars from all over the country gathered in the capital, as well as Koreans, Japanese people, Ryukyu people, Nanyang people, and people from the seven western provinces, these talents who immigrated to the Ming Dynasty.

Physics and Chemistry Award, Invention and Application Award, Mathematics Award, Biology and Medicine Award, Culture Award, and Social Theory Award.

It is completely different from Peking back then. At that time, the organizers were thinking of ways to award awards to others and find the right people. Now, facing scholars who have achieved results in various fields, the organizers do not know who to award the award to.

No matter who is awarded the award, there will be voices of dissatisfaction, which makes the organizers feel uncomfortable.

Ming Dynasty's talent allowance, for example, for scholars classified as Level [-], increased from [-] cents to [-] yuan per month. If they do nothing, they can get a [-] yuan per month allowance.

Most scholars don't care about subsidies. Although a small number of scholars care about subsidies, they also have their own sources of income.

Each academic circle formed its own circle with the four major Imperial Colleges as its backbone.

Mrs. Ma Pengying.

Won the Astronomy Award, seven new awards in addition to the six traditional awards. Because the sun theory proposed by Mrs. Ma Pengying was officially recognized by the academic community, the universe revolves around the sun, changing the universe for thousands of years. ethics.

The Social Theory Award was awarded to Zhou Chengzhi, a thirty-two-year-old young man.

He rectified the name of the Song Dynasty.

In his research, he comprehensively introduced everything about the Song Dynasty, letting people know that the Song Dynasty was so great, and was even recognized by His Royal Highness the Crown Prince.

When ordinary people in later generations discussed the Song Dynasty, their views on the Song Dynasty mainly came from textbooks. The views in textbooks generally adopted Mr. Qian Mu's views when introducing the Song Dynasty.

The "Outline of National History" compiled by him first used the term "poverty and weakness".

Due to Mr. Qian Mu's status as a leading figure in the field of history and the influence of this book itself, his view has become the mainstream view in the field of history for decades.

However, there are also many authoritative scholars who have different views on this. For example, Chen Yinke, a master of Chinese studies, believes that "the culture of the Chinese nation has evolved over thousands of years and reached its peak in the Zhao and Song Dynasties."

Immediately afterwards, he made a conclusion: "It will gradually decline, but it will eventually revive." This shows his confidence in Chinese culture.

If Mr. Chen Yinke’s views represent the opinion of one family, then the conclusion of Professor Fairbank, a famous American sinologist, is well-founded and beyond doubt. From an economic perspective, he came to the same conclusion as Mr. Chen, that is, the Song Dynasty was the peak of Chinese civilization.

Because the land area in the Southern Song Dynasty was small, ordinary people subconsciously believed that the food production in the Southern Song Dynasty would also be reduced. However, the Southern Song Dynasty had a large population, so it was deduced that the Song Dynasty's oppression of farmers was the highest in history.

In fact, the Southern Song Dynasty relied on the development of productivity. Through excellent productivity, it not only reclaimed more land in the south, allowing the number of acres in the Southern Song Dynasty to exceed that in the Tang Dynasty, but also increased the yield per acres due to the introduction and improvement of Champa rice.

In the Guanzhong region, the richest region in the Tang Dynasty, the rice yield was two shi per mu, while in many areas in the Southern Song Dynasty the rice yield reached three shi per mu. In Mingzhou, Zhejiang, which was later known as Ningbo, there were two kinds of rice per mu in a year, and the rice yield exceeded six shi per mu.

The taxes in the Song Dynasty were so high that they were not even matched until the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

But unlike the Qing Dynasty, more than two-thirds of the Song Dynasty's fiscal revenue came from non-agricultural taxes, which were economic taxes, not agricultural taxes. The high level of science and technology in the Song Dynasty was definitely not born alone.

The iron output of the Song Dynasty exceeded the combined output of Britain and France in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution.

The shipbuilding industry of the Song Dynasty was not only far ahead of the previous dynasties, but also far ahead.

Three of the four great inventions proposed by later generations were popularized and applied in the Song Dynasty, and of course there were more inventions in the Song Dynasty.

Engineering methods, physics, metallurgy, the beginning of the petroleum industry, the path to civilian advancement
  The living standards of the people in the Song Dynasty were very high. Some scholars estimated based on the taxes and tax rates of the Song Dynasty and found that the per capita GDP in the Song Dynasty exceeded US$2000, which was equivalent to China's level in 2007. This seems to be a bit exaggerated.

However, the world's academic circles generally agree that the per capita GDP level in the Song Dynasty was around US$450, which is equivalent to China's level in 1949.

If the tax revenue during the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty was 7070 million guan, of which agricultural tax was 2162 million guan, and other tax payers (mainly commercial) were 4911 million guan, and the agricultural tax rate was 10% and the commercial tax rate was 3% (assuming no tax evasion), then The GDP at that time should be 18 billion taels, equivalent to approximately 12.6 billion taels of silver. Calculated based on the silver price in the international market in 2012, the GDP was approximately US$370 billion.

During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, there were about 1700 million households, with each household having about 4 to 5 people. The total population was about 8000 million, and the per capita GDP was more than 450 US dollars, which is similar to Madison's estimate.

No matter how you calculate it, it shows that the Song Dynasty was indeed very wealthy.

In addition to boring numbers, records in various historical documents unanimously show that the lives of ordinary people at that time were very superior.

Sima Guang, a famous official in the Song Dynasty, once lamented: "The world is declining, and all the peasants and footmen wear silk stockings." This means that even the peasants and footmen wear silk socks. This shows from another perspective that the living standards of people in the Song Dynasty were generally high.

The incompetent Wu Dalang in "Water Margin" also lived in a two-story building, which is equivalent to today's townhouse. This is not an exception in "Water Margin", because in the book there are many middle- and lower-class people in the city. People live in buildings like this.

In "Tokyo Menghua Lu", "The three-story building is higher than the other, and the fifth floor faces each other. Each has a flying bridge and sills, connecting light and dark, bead curtains embroidered on the forehead, and candles shining brightly." It is worth noting that these restaurants have very long opening hours.

The book describes it as "not affected by wind, rain, cold or heat, day and night are like this in Khotan."

This means that no matter it is winter or summer, no matter whether it is windy or rainy, we are open until late at night. This shows the prosperity of business at that time and the rich and colorful nightlife of citizens.

In later generations of the capital, it was not until the late [-]s that restaurants could stay open so late.

The second paragraph introduces how rich delicacies and dried and fresh fruits are here. The author lists more than a hundred kinds here, such as "Baifang soup, Tou soup, Xinfa quail soup, Sanwei soup, two-color kidney, shrimp mushroom, chicken mushroom" , muddy cannon and other soup, screw rope powder, jade chess pieces" and so on.

The names of these delicacies suggest that even the experienced gourmets of later generations may not have tasted many of them. Moreover, the price of these delicacies is very cheap, with a snack costing only fifteen cents.

Fire station, Anjifang, nursing home, and free cemetery officially established in the Song Dynasty.——
  Zhou Chengzhi gave a fierce speech on the stage and received applause from the audience.

His father Zhou Tong.

Now he is the person in charge of the food stamp bank in the central region, and he looks proud.

In the spring of the twelfth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Gaochi returned the power to Zhu Di and began a nationwide inspection, which kicked off the second wave of inspection disturbances.

This is the first time Zhu Gaochi has left the palace since he entered Beijing.

The common people in the capital crowded the roads, and there were huge crowds of people. They held high the Yan-character flag and shouted loudly for His Royal Highness, long live the crown prince. No one cared, everyone thought so.

The students' eyes were full of that low-key carriage.

Women and children shed tears of joy.

The man carried the child on his shoulders and pointed forward to tell the child that there was the great Crown Prince.

Military households on horseback came one after another to escort His Highness the Crown Prince.

Behind Zhu Gaochi were countless people.

(End of this chapter)