The Great Industrial Ming Dynasty Started from Beiping

Liaodong.

The railways built by countless eunuchs made the Liaodong region have the highest ratio of railway mileage in the entire Ming Dynasty. Even in the sparsely populated Nurgandusi area, there was a way to open simple railway tracks deep into Siping Huaide and other areas.

A large amount of wood is transported to Jinzhou via rails, sent to various factories and shipyards, and even sent to major coastal areas through Jinzhou's docks.

After spring.

Fishing boats outside the pier went out to sea one after another.

The six-masted ship, imitating the principles of the large-scale fishing boats of the Song Dynasty, is currently the main ship type in the Jinzhou fishery. This six-masted fishing boat of the Song Dynasty not only has a belly that can efficiently store fish, but can also Maintaining a speed of [-] kilometers per hour, and having two water deflectors on each side of the fishing boat, it can move forward in a zigzag pattern even if the wind is against it.

When the Jinzhou Shipyard copied it, it became the most popular ship type.

But not many people use steam engines.

Because in comparison, this type of ship is sufficient for the current needs of fishermen, and investing more money in using steam engines cannot bring them additional income.

Thousands of sails passed by, leaving behind countless ripples.

A scholar took his three disciples out to sea on a large fishing boat. The disciples excitedly taught the fishermen, and their teacher recalled the fishing songs of their ancestors.

There is nothing to do on the sea.

The most experienced boat boss searched for fishing source waters, the scholars followed the boat boss, and the disciples began to chat with the crew.

"In ancient times, there were two periods of high fishing activity."

"One is from Wu during the Spring and Autumn Period, and the other is from the Song Dynasty."

"Does Fan Li know about it?" the student asked with a smile, and one crew member replied that he knew about the famous story of Xi Shi. Who doesn't know about Fan Li?

The student laughed again and said: "He is not only Xi Shi's best friend, he is also the originator of fish farming and is called the "Fisherman"."

The crew preferred to hear sweet stories.

The students didn't care either.

Tidbits and tidbits, the school also likes to spread them the most. As for whether there is evidence or not, who cares, you still need to talk about evidence when talking about mountains and rivers. Where can there be such a rule?

So the conversation started going down three directions.

bow.

When the scholar heard the laughter coming from behind, he couldn't help but smile.

The boss of the ship couldn't laugh.

"Sir, will the rise of Jianghuai's fishery have an impact on us?" The boat boss asked with concern. After hearing what the gentleman said, he didn't even care about the fishing situation. One or two profits would not shake him.

The scholar nodded first, then shook his head.

"It depends on the size of society's total plate."

Then he explained: "If the size of the plate remains unchanged, the prosperity of the fish farming industry in the Jianghuai region will inevitably affect your market. If the size of the plate becomes larger, it will not affect your side."

Although the disciples were joking, the first record of artificial fish farming in the mainland was indeed attributed to Fan Li.

With the development of artificial fish farming in the mainland, it was already very prosperous by the Tang Dynasty. The development of fishery production in the south basically formed a tripartite trend with farming and sericulture.

For example, in the third year of the Holy Calendar, Cui Rong said, "The states south of the Yangtze River depend on fish for their livelihood."

In the first year of Jinglong, Li Yishangshu also mentioned that "in the water towns south of the Yangtze River, fishing is the industry, and the benefits of turtles are owned by Li Yuan."

At that time, many people broke away from the peasant class and became professional fishermen.

The development and progress of fishery production in the Tang Dynasty were truthfully recorded and enthusiastically praised by poets at that time.

Bai Juyi took a boat and walked on the Songjiang River and saw the spectacular scene of "reel nets on the water and the prows of the boats"; Lu Guimeng's description of "leaning on silkworms everywhere, and fishing traps every family"; Zhang Ji also had "a fishing trap" There are half a dendrobium fish in the dendrobium water, the big fish is like a willow leaf, and the small fish is like a needle", etc.

By the Five Dynasties, the Qian family also specially set up official positions such as "fisherman" and "crab household" to deal with fish and crab matters.

However, the fish farming industry at that time was mainly based on raising carp. Carp has been domesticated from wild fish to domestic fish. However, because the royal family of the Tang Dynasty had the same surname as "Li" and "carp", they believed that "carp" symbolized the royal family and could not be raised. The development of fish farming was stifled.

But the wisdom of the people is great, and it is natural for fishermen to look for other breeding targets on a large scale. Grass carp, herring, bighead carp, and silver carp began trial breeding at this time.

This led to the peak moment of artificial fish farming in the mainland during the Song Dynasty, especially during the Southern Song Dynasty.

This process also declined in the previous dynasty.

The husband explained carefully, and the ship boss also listened very carefully. Although the husband was very verbose, that's what scholars are like. Because he cares about his own interests, the ship boss is very patient.

The gentleman said calmly: "Politically, the previous dynasty's policy of national oppression was particularly serious and thorough in the Jiangnan region. During the war to destroy the Song Dynasty, the former dynasty might still retain the Southern Song officials who surrendered in their original posts to recruit them."

"However, this is only a temporary solution."

The ship boss was a little impatient.

The teacher seemed not to notice, but still said: "After the previous dynasty gradually stabilized, after many purges, officials in the south were demoted, except for a few influential people who were still reused, and most of them were eliminated."

"Economically speaking, the previous dynasty exempted more than a hundred kinds of heavy taxes and miscellaneous taxes from the Holy Festival in the Southern Song Dynasty, such as paying tribute to the general line, and nominally only required the people to pay a regular amount of taxes. Therefore, some people in the Ming Dynasty commented that "Yuanping Jiangnan, the government decree It is sparse and wide, and taxes are lenient and simple. Its people only have to pay local taxes, and they do not collect or pay them."

"But in fact, the burden on the people of the previous dynasty was heavier than the summer and autumn tax systems of the Southern Song Dynasty."

"The basis for taxing grain is acres of land, and the main revenue collected is autumn tax. The acres tax is also mostly based on the thin records of the Southern Song Dynasty. Generally speaking, the production relations and economic system of the previous dynasty that replaced the Song Dynasty basically followed the track of the Southern Song Dynasty. On."

"However, the rulers of the previous dynasty instinctively ignored production, including despising fishery, and did not set up the function of managing mountains and rivers in the Ministry of Industry, which caused great setbacks for the fishery in the Taihu Lake Basin. In the last 20 years of the previous dynasty, the economic and social development of the Taihu Lake Basin was accompanied by huge changes. recession, the economy and society, including fisheries, have fallen to the bottom of the development curve."

"So when His Royal Highness the Crown Prince was still in Peking, due to geographical environment factors, he took advantage of the geographical advantages of Jinzhou to develop the fishing industry and achieved great success. But with His Royal Highness the Crown Prince's governance in the south, the fish farming industry in the south has been revived , and has a tendency to overtake the Golden State fishing industry."

The ship boss finally heard what he cared about.

However, after Mr.’s detailed introduction, it turned out that there are so many causal relationships.

According to Mr. Wang, if it were not for the decline of the fish farming industry in the interior, it would be difficult for the fishing industry in their coastal areas to develop. Compared with the difficulty and efficiency of the fishing industry, the harvest efficiency of the inland fishing industry is higher.

"Then we will lose our livelihood in the future."

The ship boss asked worriedly.

His ship still has a loan that has not been repaid, and there are still more than a dozen crew members to support.

The gentleman shook his head again.

"I will also return to the court to give a report during this investigation. I believe that the court will not let such a thing happen. And I also believe that under the governance of His Royal Highness, the Ming Dynasty's economic system will become bigger and bigger, and the Jianghuai region will inevitably The rise of the fish farming industry will most likely not have an impact on the fishing industry in your Golden State."

After hearing what the husband said, the ship boss felt a little relieved.

JAC.

One pond after another, especially in the low-lying areas of Taihu Lake, has become a major industry in the area.

In addition to raising fish, local people also plant lotus roots in ponds.

Mulberries are grown in the higher reaches of Taihu Lake.

A shed was built next to the backyard of each household to raise livestock and poultry. Chickens, ducks, geese, and even one or two pigs per household became standard equipment. Such hard-working people still had enough food and clothing even if they did not enjoy the benefits of the large well system. The problem.

The development of the regional economy has caused the failure of the large-scale well system in the Jianghuai region.

No one gave up their land, even if a family owned only seven or eight acres, or more than ten acres, the hardworking local people, relying on their own strength and diligence, actually left the court at a loss.

There are two harvests a year, with a sideline of fish and mulberry.

Even the main business is fish and mulberry, and the side business is farmland.

The income of local people is not much lower than that of military households in the large-scale well system. On the contrary, it is more flexible and more diversified. However, the local people are too hard-working and do not have much leisure time to spend.

The increase in agricultural production brought about by the increase in the area of ​​stable production areas in the north and the development of technology has reduced the burden of food supply in the south, giving them more resources to develop agriculture and fisheries.

in the market.Jinzhou’s salted fish, smoked dried fish, seafood, and local fresh fish are provided to the people.

A business that specializes in providing ingredients to surrounding schools separates each large fish, separates the fish meat from the fish bones with a pick knife, grinds it into fish paste through a meat grinder, and bakes it into fish cakes and fish balls.

Fish cakes and fish balls have also become one of the locals’ favorite foods.

Shangyuan Middle School.

There are no equestrian classes here, but there are swimming classes. A group of teenagers are learning to swim under the leadership of the instructor.

The students were delighted with their bare arms.

People around also came to watch the fun, attracting many adults to play in the water.

The teacher teaches several swimming methods and guides the students one by one.

Compared with adults' doggy style, students' swimming speed is faster and takes longer. However, there are also old water-based men who use their own experience to tell children how to better adapt to water-based swimming.

In various middle schools in Beijing, there are not only Cuju competitions, bamboo ball competitions, but also swimming competitions, as well as the emerging dragon boat competitions, boat racing activities, etc.

Following the guidance of the school, various large factories also started similar activities at the request of the Daming Industrial Bureau.

Compared with Peking, the social atmosphere is not weaker.

He Hu and several classmates looked at the shore with great interest.

He Hu did not choose the Imperial Academy in Peking. After discussing with his mother, he finally came to the capital. He Hu wanted to get rid of the old environment. After arriving in the capital, the new environment and scenery made He Hu feel that his idea was right every day. of.

“The landscape here is so beautiful.”

"Schools in the north have more horse classes, while schools in the south have more water classes. It's determined by geography and environment." He Hu laughed with his classmates.

Subsequently.

Everyone returned to the Imperial College.

Imperial College charges.

The annual tuition fee is as high as 15 yuan, which ordinary people cannot even afford. However, the Imperial College has bursaries and various bonuses. As long as capable students, most students can receive these awards.

Four years of schooling is more than enough.

There is also private donation. Many commercial banks donate to the Imperial College every year.

However, these funds are collected by the school.

The total number of graduates from the four Imperial Colleges in the Ming Dynasty last year was less than 1. This number is very low. If based on 40 years of working time, it would only maintain 40 people.

It is not enough to maintain the needs of the government, let alone the needs of various organizations and institutions, the Ming Dynasty Industrial Bureau and private commercial firms.

Especially the gaps in teachings.

With the improvement of the school system, in addition to the school construction funds, the most important thing is that the teaching power cannot keep up, which has become one of the current problems of the Ming Dynasty.
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Wenhua Hall.

Zhu Di sat at the top, while Zhu Gaochi and ministers stood at the bottom.

Yang Shiqi returned to Beijing.

Yang Shiqi, who stayed in Nanyang for several years, suffered from dysentery during the journey. He relied on the medicine of Peiping and Jinzhou and drank herbal medicine to survive.

Jiaozhi has been generally stable, and there have been no rebellions in the past year or so.

Champa Dusi has also disappeared in the past six months.

The railway from Jiaozhi to Guangxi has been opened to traffic. Yang Shiqi proposed to build a railway from Ming Dynasty to Laos only, and also raised the hidden dangers in Southeast Asia and the instability in Burma and Siam.

"As long as this railway is completed, the entire Southeast Asia will be completely in the hands of the imperial court."

Yang Shiqi said confidently.

Opposite him was Yang Pu, with a sad expression on his face.

Because of the letter from Hu Guang, the governor of the seven provinces, the letter also stated that a railway from Yilihang Province to the Samarkand area would be built.

Everyone knows the benefits of railways.

Especially in the past few years, His Royal Highness the Prince proposed to build the railway between Jiaozhi and Guangxi in the spirit of building the Great Wall. After ten years, it was finally opened to traffic and achieved great success.

Therefore, many people believe that there is no problem in building the Western Railway and Nanyang Railway. The key lies in the manpower and material resources invested and whether the court can make this determination.

Xu Ning, who works in the Railway Engineering Department, is now in his forties and is no longer as young as he once was.

But unlike other big shopkeepers, Xu Ning has always been at the top of the railway engineering department. He has done one thing in his life, building railways, and became an important minister of the country by building railways.

It can be described as unprecedented.

Xu Ning said nothing.

Whether to build the railway or not does not count, nor does anyone else's decision count. It depends on His Highness the Crown Prince's wishes.

Zhu Di also looked at his eldest son.

Zhu Gaochi thought silently.

Of course the railways need to be built, but with the Ming Dynasty’s current reserves of national strength and the level of productivity, building the Western Railway and the Nanyang Railway is really not worth the gain.

We must at least enter a society of the second industrial revolution, where machines produce machines.

Whether it is market demand or technology, Ming Dynasty lacks accumulation.

Machines produce machines. It seems to be a very simple sentence. It represents a qualitative difference in society. It is no longer what traditional society can achieve. It requires machines to fully replace manpower and follow up on all aspects of technology to achieve great economic development.

There are huge shortcomings in the economic and social development of the Jianghuai region.

The small-scale peasant economy is too developed.

In short, in the Jianghuai region, the large number of workshops that have been adapted to local conditions can actually compete with the factories because of people's diligence. At least this is the case in some industries, which shows that the production efficiency of those factories has not been completely released.

Therefore, Zhu Gaochi is thinking about domestic problems, not foreign problems.

Especially the current prosperity of the market in the Ming Dynasty caused the first wave of commercial banks to test external development. After obtaining part of the funds, they turned their heads to compete for the domestic market, which ran counter to Zhu Gaochi's goal.

in short.

It smells so good at home.

How to guide the market to create demand and force capital to go overseas and explore the unknown sea.

It must be profitable to be a long-term strategy.

For example, the large-scale use of steam engines was due to changes in the Peking market, which led to the demand for steam engines and later results.

The social resource allocation methods and top-down guidance used in previous years seem to have failed.

The Western methods of later generations could not succeed in the Ming Dynasty.

Just as it needs to be combined with reality.

The national conditions of the Ming Dynasty were very different from those of Britain in the West in later generations, and they could not be followed step by step. Even the environment in China in later generations was also different, so the Ming Dynasty needed to find its own path.

From the first agricultural power to the first industrial power.

Jump from first to new heights of first.

Zhu Gaochi frowned.

There is no road to learn from, because the roads of later countries do not meet the needs of the Ming Dynasty. (End of chapter)