The Great Industrial Ming Dynasty Started from Beiping

Chapter 127 The Appearance of Chemical Fertilizers

Wansan went to the Miyun division, and the R&D department was mainly managed by Xiaojiu. Although Zhu Gaochi gave a lot of rights to this part, he didn't take it seriously at the current stage.

After the meeting ended, Xiao Jiu stayed and silently handed over a list.

"This is?"

Zhu Gaochi looked at Xiao Jiu curiously.

"It's some applications received by the R&D Department recently, many of which have been approved by me, and a few of them have already made progress."

The R&D department spends a penny today and a penny tomorrow, and the accumulation of money is a lot of money, but Zhu Gaochi never asks.

Although he was worried that Xiao Jiu's hands were too loose, he didn't come forward.

"In the blast furnace of the coke refinery, after each furnace is refined, there are many residues. Master Li submitted a report to improve the research and development of anxiety, and I agreed."

"There are still some reports to study these remnants, and I agree."

"Master Li's research, Master Wang is helping."

"The black residue from the coke oven, we found some resemblance to stone paint, but there are quite a few differences."

"And the top of the stove will be stained with a thick layer of oil every time it is used. Some craftsmen think it can be used as lamp oil and want to study it."

……

Zhu Gaochi couldn't help breathing heavily.

A coking plant brings more than just coke.

In the production process of the coke factory, a large number of residual substances are left, and people have obtained countless things from the research on these residual substances.

For example, the black residue is probably coal paste.

The ancient coking process was also discovered, and there was a lot of research and application of these things in ancient China.

However, the output of coking workshops in the Song Dynasty was not large, so there were not many products. In addition to the ancient production environment, it was mainly used for luxury goods.

For example, after the coal paste was studied, the coal black in it was separated.

The Ru kiln in the Song Dynasty used coal black to make porcelain with distinct blackness, and coal black was also used in graphite, which is a high-end commodity.

But its own coke refinery is different.

A furnace of 1000 jin of coal, after each furnace is refined, not only will there be a few thousand jin of white-gray residue, but also more than [-] jin of coal paste and other products.

These coal pastes, with the productivity of today's era, have little effect, such as coal black made of coal paste, which will be an important component of tires in later generations.

Daming didn't even have rubber, and with coal black, it was a castle in the air.

However, a large amount of coal black can be provided to porcelain kilns and ink workshops at a low price.

The biggest role of coal black is to wait for the rubber to be found, which is not something that can be obtained in the short term.

Many products are similar to coal black, which will play a huge role in later generations, but they are not used today, but there are some things that can play a huge role.

For example, the white substance on the surface of the residue, the ammonia water obtained after cleaning the coke oven, and the tar produced during the firing process.

For example, ammonia water. The coke oven that has just been put into production does not have ammonia water. At the beginning, the furnace is sprayed with clean water, and the clean water becomes ammonia water.

Because coal contains a certain amount of water, during the process of refining into coke, this part of water is fused with the elements in the coal during the refining process, and after this water is fused with clean water, it becomes ammonia water.

These substances can be collected directly, but the tar has to be distilled, and the residue after distillation is pitch.

The oil collected after distillation can be used as fuel oil, and if it is hydrogenated, it is diesel oil.

It is even possible to separate ammonium coke explosives through tar waste liquid, but this technical requirement is high and the danger is huge. Zhu Gaochi is not going to try it, at least until the technology is more mature.

"There are craftsmen who want to research the coal black of the Song Dynasty. I think it has market value, so I approved it, and it has already achieved results."

"Those oils, some craftsmen think that they can be used as antiseptic oils, can be provided to shipyards and carpenter workshops."

Xiao Jiu explained everything carefully, and everything was at his fingertips.

It seems that the R&D department has also played a great role in Xiaojiu, brainstorming is faster than growing alone.

"Do you want to try distillation?" Zhu Gaochi said suddenly.

The ancient distillation technology was very mature, but because of the statement in Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in the Jiajing Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, many people thought it was a technology imported from abroad in the Yuan Dynasty.

Li Shizhen has limitations, and cognitive errors are normal.

Because a copper shochu pot was found in the Jin Kingdom site excavated in Qinglong County, Hebei Province in later generations, which proved that this statement was wrong.

Jin is a hunting civilization, and it is impossible for it to have advanced technology. Many scholars believe that the Song Dynasty already had the technology of distilling wine.

For example, during the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo, a great writer, wrote "The History of Objects and Phases", in which there is a method of making wine, which is in line with the practice of distilling wine.

Xiao Jiu didn't expect that the little prince would involve distillation, and fell into deep thought.

Zhu Gaochi reminded.

"Since it is similar to oil, most of it can be burned. It may be that there are too many residues. After distillation, see if it can be used as fuel."

"There is still ash on the surface of the residue, can you also study it."

In ancient times, various kinds of ash were studied, such as the use of grass ash in iron smelting, and the use of burned grass ash to smear wounds to stop bleeding and so on.

"Also, I see the water left in the coal stove. The soil in that area is relatively fertile. Can it be used to fertilize the field?"

Ammonia water can be used as fertilizer after dilution, but be careful to avoid excessive ammonia water accumulation in some areas.

Moreover, the residual water in these furnaces cannot be exposed to sunlight and needs to be transported in a closed manner, otherwise it will be decomposed into ammonia and water.

These ammonia waters are not suitable for long-distance transportation, but after adding gypsum water, after precipitation, and then heating and evaporating to dryness, the white particles obtained are ammonium sulfate, which is chemical fertilizer.

The fertilizer effect of one catty of ammonium sulfate is equal to three hundred catties of human manure.

Xiao Jiu quickly took out his notebook and carefully recorded the thoughts of the little prince just now, he would not miss any thoughts.

The master taught him that sometimes an idea can give birth to a technology, which has been the case since ancient times.

Zhu Gaochi was also thinking about it.

According to the experience of later generations, one hundred catties of ammonia water can be made into four catties of solid ammonium sulfate, and one mu of land combined with manure can increase the production of 120 catties of crops with the minimum amount of three catties.

With ten coke ovens in the coke refinery, the coal loading capacity of each oven is 23 jin, ranging from [-] to [-] days. Because there is no workshop technology of later generations, it is impossible to quickly form coke.

Later generations have fully automatic production lines, various sets of advanced equipment, accelerated refining speed, high temperature and cooling technology adopted, which were not available in ancient times.

The main principle is the high-temperature method adopted, as well as isolated air dry distillation, etc. Now the traditional method of medium and low temperature is used, so the production cycle is long.

The coke refinery of China Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. has a furnace of [-] catties. When the environment is the best, it also takes fifteen days.

In the process of firing and cooling, the gas produced, the moisture in the coal, and the clean water used in the furnace, ten coke ovens can take [-] catties of ammonia water every day.

That is, 280 eight catties per day, nearly three hundred catties of ammonium sulfate, nine thousand catties a month, and an annual output of 11 catties.

Then there are nearly [-] mu of land, and an increase of more than [-] million catties of grain.

With the development of industry, when the scale of the coke refinery is expanded to ten times, it will be more than [-] million catties of grain.

Peiping's population of 260 million is equal to an increase of [-] catties of grain per capita.

If the scale is expanded to a hundred times, it will be more than 4 million catties of grain, which is equal to an increase of ten catties of grain per capita for a population of 6000 million.

But when he became the emperor and developed the industry to the whole country, it would not only increase the ration of ten catties for human settlements.

Without crops such as yam potatoes, it would be difficult to create an agricultural prosperity.

It can only be said that the efficacy of sweet potatoes is too against the sky.

The per capita increase of [-] catties of rations, in an agricultural society, what can compare with these two crops.

This is an auxiliary product of the coke refinery. If it is specially used to make ammonia, Zhu Gaochi shook his head.

We still have to wait for industrial progress to increase the total output of society.

If you take too many steps, it is easy to tear the egg.

When the total productivity of the society increases tenfold, Zhu Gaochi has the confidence to build a thousand coke refineries.

For example, the coke output with an annual output of more than [-] million tons of coke in later generations only needs to reach a fraction of a fraction.

As long as the demand for coke in the Ming Dynasty reaches 100 million tons, Zhu Gaochi will be able to build a thousand coke ovens and increase grain by ten catties per capita.

Thinking of this, Zhu Gaochi couldn't sit still, and asked the clerk to call Wang Ben and Li Er over.

Shortly after.

When the two came to the office and saw Xiao Jiu inside, they guessed it was a technical problem.

Zhu Gaochi handed the notebook brought by Xiaojiu to the two, and the two looked at it one after another, and it was indeed about the R&D department.

"Many of these ideas are good and have given us a lot of inspiration."

"The annual output of civilian iron in Beiping is more than 500 million catties. If coke is used to smelt iron, 250 million catties of coke will be needed a year."

"Then the annual sales are 5000 taels, and the annual profit is between 2 taels and 3 taels."

"It's a good thing that you take the initiative to find ways to increase the focus."

Zhu Gaochi boasted.

Li Er quickly boasted and said, "Because of [-]% of the coke output, the cost of raw materials has reached one-third."

"Even if the amount of focus is increased by [-]%, the extra [-]% is all profit."

Zhu Gaochi nodded.

Steam engine use and fuel costs, coking oven coking costs, coke oven fuel costs, and factory construction costs, labor costs, and logistics costs.

Therefore, the best profit situation this year is between 1000 taels and 3000 taels.

These are based on the sales scale of the factory and the production output, which can be calculated in advance.

If the entire Beiping market is rolled out next year, coke will be used, plus the recovery of factory construction costs and the improvement of production efficiency.

The profit of the coke refinery next year is expected to exceed 2 taels.

This is the profit after monopolizing the iron smelting fuel in all of Beiping. 2 taels is not high, and it is the result of Zhu Gaochi's initiative to lower the price.

Two catties of iron is one catty of coke, the market price of two catties of iron is three cents and two cents, while one catty of coke is only three cents, and the fuel cost of iron smelting only accounts for [-]%. It fell by more than half.

The supply of charcoal is in short supply, and when the government collects a large amount of charcoal from time to time every year, there will be a phenomenon of out-of-stock.

The low cost of coke in coke refineries and stable supply have solved this problem.

However, the fuel cost of the coke refinery accounts for [-]%, which is twice as high as that of iron smelting fuel, because of the pricing problem.

So anxiety is really important.

The same amount of fuel produces more coke, which brings profits.

(End of this chapter)