I'm really not doing business

Chapter 230 So far, it is science

To reform and become better is a captive of the constitutional monarchy and a puppet of the constitution.

Reform, becoming bad is the fate of Louis XVI, and the guillotine is set up for you.

The reform is a thankless job for the emperor, so the courtiers can't understand why the emperor supports Zhang Juzheng's reform. The military, politics, culture, and economy will all suffer the most extensive impact. In this round of impact Under this condition, the emperor could no longer maintain his detached position above all classes.

The law of the ancestors is immutable, and the translation is: Old Zhu Jiangshan will be passed down forever.

The little emperor's throne came from Jiajing, and the Jiajing emperor would like to thank his ancestral tomb for the green smoke, and Emperor Wuzong had no heirs.

The collateral line got the throne by chance, and now they are still messing around with Zhang Juzheng all day long?
In particular, Zhang Juzheng's reform should be opposed the most.

Of course the law can be changed, and the law of the ancestors can also be changed, but the first priority of the reform is to unite the people who occupy the dominant position. Whether it is war or government orders, the rise and fall of Ming Dynasty are all decided by the meat eaters, and the price is always It is the most common people, or statistics one by one.

The people are incapable of making their own voices. It is true that when they make their own voices, they are so deafening, so earth-shattering, changing the color of the world, and overthrowing the country, but that requires nothing, desperate, and the loss of everything. After sending out their own cry, what they got was just a new group of meat-eaters, standing on the heads of the people and continuing to domineering.

The carnivores have all the right to speak, and they can even completely shape the people who are always struggling for food and clothing into a short-sighted, mean, greedy, and cunning appearance. Through the monopoly of education and the right to interpret knowledge, they occupy All the wind and public opinion, and finally further control all the power.

Prosperity, the people suffer, death, the people suffer, the fundamental logic of Taoism is exhausted, this is the basic logic of social operation.

However, Zhang Juzheng's reform is uniting the people at the bottom, the poor and coolies. All the new policies are harsh on the meat eaters and the bureaucrats who occupy the ruling position. Why does His Majesty support this reform?
This is the doubt of the courtiers. It is indeed for the revival of the Ming Dynasty, but the finances and taxes of the Ming Dynasty are gradually becoming healthy. If this is done, it will be enough, almost enough, the emperor should start his own extravagant life.

Just like Emperor Jiajing, overcoming the ultimate difficulty, starting from beginning to end, not forgetting why you set out, and persevering to the end requires great perseverance, great courage, and tyrannical force or even violence.

And violence is gunpowder, steel, silver, theory, and hearts.

The only Ming emperor in the Qing Dynasty, Yongzheng, Yongzheng’s new laws almost copied all the new laws of Zhang Juzheng, such as government administration, finance and taxation, etc., after Yongzheng’s death, Emperor Qianlong abolished all the stalls and households on the day he came to the throne. Not to mention the end, Qianlong even came up with a system of negotiating money for crimes, which caused the official administration of the Qing Dynasty to slump down like a mudslide, with no possibility of improvement.

However, Yongzheng's new law has goals, a program, a system, capable ministers and officials, and it is very successful. However, once he dies, he will inevitably end up in death.

In the eyes of the courtiers and the world's gentry, the correct reform should be to make a big cake. When distributing, ninety-nine percent of it is given to the meat eaters, and the remaining one is distributed to the poor and coolies. The coolies of the poor are grateful to Dade, this is the only way to maintain the rule and correct reform.

Zhu Yijun is indeed making cakes, but he is also taking advantage of the greed of the gentry to take out all the money they buried in the pigsty, which is opening up a human mine.

Is it Zhu Yijun who doesn't share cakes with meat eaters?

Brothers Sun Keyi and Sun Kehong in Songjiang had something to say, Pucheng Wang Chonggu had something to say, His Majesty was willing to share this cake with meat eaters, and even had an unrealistic fantasy, expecting that after the meat eaters were full, Give the poor coolie a sip of soup.

It is true that Sun Keyi donated a lot of money to the Maritime Academy after he was full, and Wang Chongguzheng also listened to the opinions of the big leaders and came up with a water-conditioning system to prevent the temperature of the wool-washing workshop from being too high and killing people. Zhu Yijun even felt that the meat eaters were not so hideous.

As long as he is an individual, he is an individual with the emperor.

But if he doesn't behave like a man, the emperor will turn into an indescribable monster and prevent him from being a man.

Zhu Yijun supported Zhang Juzheng's reform because there was a whole set of new logic included. In the lectures, Zhu Yijun and Zhang Juzheng fully confirmed the feasibility of this logic. As Zhang Juzheng said, this road is too difficult. Resistance and long.

It is not easy to do it, but it must be done. This is to release the labor force. The people of Daming who are trapped in hard labor have no way to work in the factory, because they need to do hard labor regularly to complete the rural and local tasks. Apportionment.

Only by releasing the common people from labor and private servitude can the productivity of Ming Dynasty be further increased.

Zhu Yijun discovered that Zhang Juzheng's new policies are always so interlocking, like grass snakes and gray lines, with a clear context, and he has a clear and definite plan for the system of the country.

That's why no one can beat him.

The reason for his invincibility is simple, he is using Taoism and politics, while the other courtiers are using Dushu.

"Your Majesty, today's Gewubao's semi-monthly magazine has been delivered." Zhang Hong sent over a newspaper that had just been printed. The half-monthly Gewubao is a journal of the Royal Gewu Academy. , and something that is a little far away from ordinary people.

"Uncle Huang's first miscellaneous newspaper is to declare war on the retro faction." Zhu Yijun took the half-monthly magazine, and after reading it, he commented like this.

Recently, there has been a fierce quarrel between the court and China. About why the water press can only press out water within three feet. Regarding this, a group of capable people represented by the Gewuyuan think it is due to the pressure of the atmosphere, and the Hanlin Academy is the leader. The Hanlin people said that they don't need to search for it if they don't speak strange powers and distract their minds.

In this miscellaneous newspaper, Zhu Zaiyu published the principle of atmospheric pressure in detail, but it was not recognized by the Hanlin of the Imperial Academy.

Zhu Zaiyu asked the Imperial Academy to come to Gewuyuan on March [-]th, and Zhu Zaiyu wanted to prove the existence of air pressure.

And Zhu Zaiyu used a person, a mountain person, and mountain people are hermits, capable people and strangers.

It is a mountain man named Huang Zifu. Huang Zifu is a Yanshi, that is, a puppet master, or a hundred artists called puppet shows. He invented a tea-serving beauty, a puppet in a box, and a tea-serving beauty. The organ moves like a stranger, coming out of the box with a teapot in hand, giving it to the guests, and then returning slowly.

The power of this wooden beauty serving tea is actually the water tank on the wooden box. Press the switch and the water will flow down to drive the mechanism. As for going back, it is similar to the reverse gear of a car. The wooden plate in the beauty's hand is actually a lever. After the teapot is empty, the lever The other part of the whereabouts, the gears are locked, and the reversal is realized, and the beauty reverses herself.

It is four cylindrical gears.

There are gears in China. From the bronze gears in the pre-Qin period to the "Agricultural Book" in the Yuan Dynasty and the "Tiangong Kaiwu" that will be published in a few years, there are various gear devices, including transmission gears and Ratchets, as well as horizontal-axis-vertical-axis conversion gears, are widely used in agriculture and water conservancy, and Huang Zifu is such a Yanshi who is good at using gears.

This thing was later spread to the country of Wa, where it was called Luojuan and Boy of Serving Tea.

In the third year of Wanli, Huang Zifu was recommended by Tan Lun to enter the court. After passing the examination by Zhu Zaiyu, he was admitted to the Academy of Fine Arts and was in charge of the manufacture of clever objects. It was Tan Lun's half of the military staff. Later, Tan Lun went to the capital to be an official, and Tan Lun's son ran to secretly play with the tea-serving beauty, but was scared away by two movable wooden snakes.

Tan Lun didn't fool Zhu Yijun with the words of gods, gods and ghosts, but asked Huang Zifu to explain the truth.

Huang Zifu has a pair of dexterous hands, and he has many common topics with Zhu Zaiyu. Zhu Zaiyu collected a fragment of a Guqin, and the two discussed how to restore the Guqin.

Huang Zifu is proficient in music theory and has a very harmonious relationship with Zhu Zaiyu. Mechanical inventors often have amazing musical talents. For example, John Harrison, who invented the nautical clock, is an excellent musician.

But this time Huang Zifu invented a lot of strange objects, Gewu Academy held a Gewu meeting specially for his inventions, and invited the Hanlin Academy to witness the miracle of the atmosphere.

Zhu Yijun was very interested in this Gewu Society, and asked Zhang Hong to ask for an invitation to go to Gewuyuan.

On March [-]th, the sun was shining brightly. The little emperor changed into his normal clothes, and with a long tail, he went to Gewuyuan. The reason why he wanted to go was to be a referee.

He clearly knows that Gewuyuan's idea is right, this is a debate that the lowly Confucians must lose, and the sophism of the lowly Confucians seems so weak, because this place that Confucianism never touches, the principle of infinite things When they can't worship the ancients and can't find the expositions of the Confucian sages, they seem so powerless and embarrassed.

Gewuyuan is different. From the beginning of its establishment, Gewuyuan has been deviant.

Zhu Yijun's car stopped steadily in front of the gate of Gewuyuan, and Zhu Zaiyu led a group of strange people from Gewuyuan to meet His Majesty.

The Gewuyuan urgently needs the support of the emperor. They only grasp the truth, while the retro-stylers represented by the Hanlin of the Imperial Academy have grasped everything except the truth.

It's just criticizing each other, Gewuyuan doesn't have a single official, so it's a natural disadvantage.

But Gewuyuan has a backer, the biggest backer of Ming Dynasty, the only piece of sky in Ming Dynasty, the emperor of Ming Dynasty.

The Ming Emperor's support for Gewuyuan was unreserved.

Seeing Zhang Siwen and Jiao Hong, Zhu Yijun frowned, and asked Zhang Juzheng beside him, "Sir, are you not letting your children go into official careers? How did this come to Gewuyuan?"

After working so hard to pass the Jinshi examination, he came to Gewuyuan to become a doctor of mathematics!
"Returning to Your Majesty, he likes to learn arithmetic. If he is in politics, there is always gossip and gossip with a father like a minister in the court. It is better not to enter the official career. He is not that kind of material. This officialdom is like a dragon's pond and a tiger's den. If you are not careful, you will His body was broken to pieces." Zhang Juzheng said with a smile.

Zhang Juzheng knew that his son did not have the talent to be an official.

Being an official requires patience, but his son Zhang Siwen can't bear it, and is even a little stubborn. This is a big taboo in the officialdom.

For the sake of his father's reputation, Zhang Siwen is an official who doesn't care about things. He won't be dispatched at all. It's better to come to Gewuyuan and study arithmetic.

Besides, is this officialdom a good place?Intrigues against each other, against each other.

Zhang Siwen himself is still the kind of very stubborn donkey. When he enters the officialdom, he will only end up with an unknown death. This has nothing to do with whether His Majesty protects him. Zhang Siwen will really be played to death if he enters the officialdom, and Zhang Juzheng will also be implicated. this father.

Wang Chonggu's son, Wang Qian, is not like that. People like Wang Qian are naturally suitable for officialdom, ruthless and vicious.

Zhu Yijun looked at Huang Zifu. This time, Huang Zifu is the protagonist of the Gewu Conference. This person is not tall, even a little hunchbacked. His hands are very slender and skillful.

"Are you Huang Zifu?" Zhu Yijun asked with a smile.

"Grandpa Huihuang, the grass people are Huang Zifu." Huang Zifu immediately knelt down to answer when he heard His Majesty's question. Standing in front of him was the supreme emperor of Ming Dynasty, the biggest sponsor of Gewuyuan, although he looked extraordinarily kind.

"Get up and be a minister in the future. Since you are a doctor of the Gewu Academy, you don't need to be called a grassroots man. You don't need to kneel down if you are right in the future." Zhu Yijun doesn't like people kneeling very much. This is also a privilege. When playing correctly, there is no need to kneel down to play.

"Thank you, Your Majesty, for your kindness." Huang Zifu said fearfully.

"Take me to have a look." Zhu Yijun walked into the gate of Gewuyuan.

The spring has come, and everything is revived. The spring breeze is like a girl with ingenuity and dexterity, cutting the willow leaves with slender hands, dancing with the wind, the willow trees are shaded, and the catkins are flying in the sky.

The spring girl cut out apricot blossoms and peach blossoms, and carefully adorned these flower buds, white as snow and red as fat, decorating spring with colorful colors.

Zhu Yijun walked through the small square at the main entrance, walked through the shade of the trees, and stepped on catkins into the first floor of the sky.

"Isn't it on the first floor, but on the third floor?" Zhu Yijun asked Feng Bao suspiciously.

Feng Bao said mysteriously: "It is indeed on the third floor, because you can only see it on the third floor."

The Hanlins of the Hanlin Academy were also picking up the driver. After the emperor took his seat, the Gewuhui officially began.

And Huang Zifu took his assistants and started to work.

"First of all, it is the pressurized water machine published by the People's Daily. In order to understand this principle, we made a pressurized water machine out of glass, which looks good and shows the traces of water flow." made of glass.

Huang Zifu began to demonstrate. With his pumping, the water began to rise continuously in the pipe, and finally filled the chamber of the water press, and water began to flow out. The water was pumped out one by one, not continuous.

Huang Zifu's demonstration was clear and clear. The self-flowing water pressure machine does not mean that it does not need to do work, nor is it a perpetual motion machine. It needs to be pumped continuously to continuously discharge water. This is a very magical scene. What is it that makes the water surface Rising, and not falling?
This is the force of atmospheric pressure.

Huang Zifu continued: "Minbao's pressurized water machine has only one chamber, but we turned it horizontally and transformed it into two chambers, so that when the piston reciprocates, both ends can pump air or water."

This time Huang Zifu took out a reciprocating water pump. Huang Zifu held the handle and started to shake the flywheel. The valves of the water inlet and the water outlet are opened alternately, which directly doubles the efficiency.

But this time the water flow became continuous.

Sun Jigao stood up abruptly, staring at the glass that is completely made of glass. The internal structure is clear and clear. Animal power can also be firepower.

The key is that Huang Zifu proved one thing, that is, the change of production tools can improve efficiency.

This is the horror effect brought about by technological progress. Haste makes waste, and those who have machinery must have something to do, and those who have something to do must have an intention. Life is indeterminate, and gods are indeterminate, and Taoism is not contained in it. These deep-rooted principles of Confucianism have had a strong impact.

But Sun Jigao couldn't say a word when faced with this iron-clad fact.

"Dr. Huang, you really have a pair of skillful hands." Zhu Yijun couldn't help admiring when he looked at this thing.

Huang Zifu bowed his head and said, "Thank you, Your Majesty, for your praise."

Zhu Yijun, Zhu Zaiyu, Huang Zifu, Cheng Dawei and the others all looked at the members of the Imperial Academy, each of them paled. Are they more efficient, or are they old-fashioned and unwilling to make any changes?
Huang Zifu and Zhu Zaiyu brought the glass tube, which was about three feet long, and another glass vessel was filled with mercury.

Zhu Zaiyu introduced a sufficient amount of mercury into the glass tube, and then pressed the glass tube with his hand, and plunged it deep into the mercury, and then let go of his hand. After the mercury fell for a while, it stopped falling. It is two feet two inches and eight minutes.

At the upper end of the glass tube, there is an obvious cavity. In that cavity, it is obviously not air, but nothing.

"We found that the mercury height has nothing to do with the thickness of the glass tube." Zhu Zaiyu took out a thicker tube and started the experiment again. The mercury height was still [-] feet [-] inches and [-] minutes.

This scene shocked everyone present. According to general belief,

"Later, we experimented with water. We had discovered a water press before, but no matter what, we couldn't press more than three feet of water. We made a pipe that was more than three feet high, just outside the window." Zhu Zaiyu Tell everyone to look out the window.

A glass tube appeared outside the attic. A three-foot-high platform was specially built for the test. The test method was the same. A three-foot-high glass tube was filled with water, and it was buckled in the water. A cavity appeared at the top.

In the attic, I can't see clearly, but when I walk to the railing, I can see clearly. There is ink in the water, which is convenient for observation.

"The height of the water is three feet and one foot, that is to say, if it exceeds three feet and one foot, it is absolutely impossible to use a water press to press the water." Zhu Zaiyu explained, indicating to the Hanlin of the Imperial Academy that they can I went to observe. On this high platform, there is a wooden ruler inlaid with a height on it.

Sun Jigao led the Imperial Academy, looked left and right for a long time.

"Why is mercury two feet two inches and eight feet tall, while water is three feet one foot? Why is this?!" Sun Jigao still couldn't believe it, and asked a question. If Gewuyuan couldn't answer this question, it would be playing tricks and deceiving Monarch sin.

"Because mercury is heavy and water is light, mercury is about 13.6 times heavier than water, so water is 13.6 times higher than mercury. This specific gravity changes with temperature. Oh, yes, we designed the inner diameter to be one foot by one foot. Take a one-foot glass vessel, fill it with mercury and weigh it, and then drain the mercury and pour it into water to weigh it.” Zhu Zaiyu clapped his hands, but there were no five hundred swordsmen trying to kill the little emperor .

Two assistants brought up the glassware.

A vacuum is real, and so is atmospheric pressure, and it is certain that water can be lifted three feet high.

"If the atmosphere is really pressurized and can lift water three feet high, why won't we be crushed to death?!" Sun Jigao immediately sensed the crux of the problem. If the atmosphere really has the power to lift water , why wasn't that man crushed into a cake?

Zhu Zaiyu thought for a while and signaled to his assistant to bring a wine lifter. He inserted the wine lifter into the barrel, pressed the air hole on it, lifted it out of the water, and let go of his fingers. The water falls back into the bucket again.

"Do you understand?" Zhu Zaiyu looked at Sun Jigao and asked.

Sun Jigao shook his head blankly, and said angrily, "Answer my question!"

Gewuyuan has a Jiaohongjiao champion, and Hanlin Academy has a Sun Jigao, both are champions, but the gap is still very obvious.

Zhu Zaiyu thought for a while and said, "Sun Zhuangyuan, take a breath."

"Ah? Ah..." Sun Jigao was confused, he really took a breath, and then he understood the truth, there is air in his body.

Zhu Yijun found a very interesting thing, that is the struggle between Gewuyuan and Hanlinyuan. What he has to do as a referee is very simple, is to provide a fair fighting environment, then Gewuyuan can really kill a group of weak chicken.

"So, in order to prove the existence of atmospheric pressure, we have prepared a very novel experiment." Zhu Zaiyu bowed his head and said, "Your Majesty, please move outside the Tianyi Building."

"Okay." Zhu Yijun nodded, and went to the outside of Tianyilou, waiting for Zhu Zaiyu's further action.

"These are two copper hemispheres, the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere, with oil-soaked leather as a padding. We close the two hemispheres, and then inject water from the left hemisphere." Zhu Zaiyu introduced the experimental steps.

After the left and right hemispheres were closed, Zhu Zaiyu screwed the two hemispheres tightly together with screws, and then began to inject water.

The left hemisphere is the entrance, while the right hemisphere is connected to a copper pipe nearly four feet long. When the water is poured out, Zhu Zaiyu closed the valve on the copper ball, and then twisted the sealing valve a few times. , the ball is completely sealed up.

Under the pull of four strong men, the copper ball was gradually hoisted above a pool, and Zhu Zaiyu let go of the valve at the bottom of the copper pipe, and then the people on the high platform closed the valve on the copper ball, and then Tighten the top sealing valve.

The copper ball was put down, the copper pipe at the bottom was removed, and then Zhu Zaiyu pointed to the copper ball on the ground and said: "If there is no atmospheric pressure, then I will unscrew the screw fixing the copper ball, and the two hemispheres should be easily connected. separate."

"Sun Zhuangyuan, do you agree?"

"Yes!" Sun Jigao was silent for a moment, gritted his teeth and said.

Zhu Zaiyu didn't move, looked at Sun Jigao and asked with a smile, "What about the other way around?"

"On the contrary, it exists!" Although Sun Jigao didn't want to answer, he still answered the question, after all, His Majesty looked at him.

"Of course." Zhu Zaiyu wanted Sun Jigao to say these words himself, so as to save him trouble.

Zhu Zaiyu started to turn the screws on the copper ball. After all the screws were removed, the two hemispheres were still firmly fastened together.

"Sun Zhuangyuan, try to see if you can pull it away?" Zhu Zaiyu looked at Sun Jigao and said.

Sun Jigao took Hanlin with him and tried his best, but he still couldn't pull the copper ball apart. Sun Jigao looked at the two hemispheres blankly, confused. Could it be that this is really the principle of infinity?

He would rather believe that there are gods and ghosts in this world than that humans can crack this thing.

Zhu Zaiyu clapped his hands again, signaling to bring the horses from the Yumajian. There were more than a dozen horses on the left and right. When these horses exhausted their strength, the two hemispheres were finally pulled apart by the horses.

So far, it's science.

Sun Jigao ran to the side of the hemisphere and looked at it for a long time before he finally had to admit the fact that the atmospheric pressure really existed, and the faces of all the Hanlin Academy members were ashen, and they had to admit that Gewu Academy really had something.

Zhu Yijun originally thought it was over here, but Zhu Zaiyu said: "Your Majesty, in fact, this ball is not a vacuum, there is something inside."

"Is there anything else?" Zhu Yijun was taken aback and asked suspiciously.

"Your Majesty, come with your subjects." Zhu Zaiyu took the emperor back to the Taiyi Building, put a glass of water on the plate, and then covered the plate with a glass. The edge of the plate was sealed with leather and oil. .

Zhu Zaiyu called three Tiqi and brought over a one-way reciprocating water press.

Then the three Tiqi began to pull the piston and began to extract the air in the vessel. After only a few strokes, the water began to boil.

"So, in fact, there is steam in the copper ball just now, not a vacuum." Zhu Zaiyu explained why he had to evacuate in this way, because he found that the mercury surface and the water surface would have violent boiling.

This proves that the cavity above the mercury and the water surface is not empty, but there is a large amount of water vapor.

So in the experiment just now, the inside of the copper ball is only a low vacuum environment, not a vacuum.

In an ideal state, the air inside can be pumped out with a reciprocating air extractor, but it is also an ideal state. It is impossible to obtain a complete vacuum.

"This is all I have discovered." Zhu Zaiyu opened the valve of the glass cover and bowed his head.

"Uncle Huang has solved many of my doubts." Zhu Yijun affirmed Zhu Zaiyu's research. Zhu Zaiyu led the Gewu Academy, kicked open the door of science, and began to understand the universal connection between infinite things , carried out the research and made a conclusion.

Science is to establish a set of orderly knowledge system that can explain the development law of all things through practice, understanding, induction, and summarization, and can stand the test, and systematically conduct in-depth research.

That's science.

But Zhu Zaiyu opened the door to science and led Daming into the world of science.

Perhaps in the future, people will criticize Zhang Juzheng and Zhu Yijun, but they only have praise for Zhu Zaiyu.

Although Zhu Zaiyu's achievements today are all carried out with the full support of the little emperor, people will still admire Zhu Zaiyu's intelligence and outstanding contributions to human development.

　Huang Zifu, a mountain man, was good at ingenious thinking, made puppets, and moved them by machine, which was no different from living people.Taste the engraved beauty, holding a tea bag (teapot) in hand, and can move around to serve guests.When the guest raises the glass and sips the tea, he immediately waits; when he returns to the glass, he turns around, still introverted.Tan Erhua opened the mansion in the north and went to Yiguan Valley.Resign from him for a while, close his apartment, and don't open it without authorization.Tan Zhizi wants to search for his weapon and study his skills.As soon as the door is opened, two snakes tend to meet each other from under the couch, fearing that they will not enter.Tan Erhua is Tan Lun's nickname.Ask for a monthly ticket, woo! ! ! ! !
　　
　
(End of this chapter)