From a university student to a chief academician

Chapter 278 Two Dark Matter Discovery Methods
Cosmic Research Institute!
At this stage, because of the research on dark matter, many astrophysicists and astrophysicists from the National Astronomical Observatory and the Institute of Physics of the Xia National Academy of Sciences have poured into the Institute of Cosmos.

For dark matter research, one of the two institutes has made a lot of preparations.

Equipment such as the astronomical telescope of the National Astronomical Observatory and the particle accelerator of the Xiaguo Academy of Sciences are on standby at any time.

At this moment, many researchers are discussing the construction of dark matter models in a large conference room.

The so-called dark matter model is a dark matter model built with mathematical and physical knowledge on the premise of assuming the existence of dark matter, based on all information about dark matter.

It is equivalent to saying that there is something that no one has seen, but assuming it exists, then a model of the thing must be built for everyone to study, a bit like mathematical modeling.

There are more than 30 astrophysicists from all over the country sitting in the meeting room.

The focus of this debate is Academician Ji Yu of the Institute of Physics of the Xia Guo Academy of Sciences and Academician Zong Shi of the National Astronomical Observatory.

These two academicians are well-known astrophysicists in the country.

Both of them have made great achievements in the field of astrophysics, but both of them have very stubborn tempers, especially in the academic field, and no one accepts the other.

Ji Yu and the two were arguing there, and the rest of the people looked at them, echoing their arguments from time to time.

Ji Yu said: "The appearance of the Higgs particle has confirmed the feasibility of the standard model of dark matter. After a large number of experiments, it has been proved that it is more feasible to go beyond the standard model."

The Higgs particle is the Higgs boson, and it's known as the God Particle.

It is a boson with zero spin predicted by the standard model of particle physics, without charge or color charge, and decays immediately after generation.

That is, as soon as it is born, it dies.

In 1964, the English scientist Peter Higgs proposed the existence of the Higgs field, and then predicted the existence of the Higgs dice.

In 2013, CERN physicists used the Large Hadron Collider to discover the Higgs boson, which became the theoretical support for the Higgs field.

The Higgs boson also exists in the universe. It has four energies with dark matter, non-zero rest mass of neutrinos, and the matter-dark matter asymmetry of the universe. It can study strong interaction, electroweak interaction and gravity The problem of unification of interactions, and the origin of the universe.

"Therefore, I think dark matter models should use general relativity at their core."

After hearing Ji Yu's words, Zong Shi argued with reason: "I object. Although the Higgs particle and dark matter are both products of the study of the origin of the universe, there is a big difference between them."

"In terms of properties alone, the Higgs particle is very different from dark matter."

"Dark matter is the most invisible particle among all the particles in the universe. It may be the main component of matter in the universe, but it does not belong to any known matter that constitutes visible celestial bodies."

"The Higgs particle is different, it is the particle that is easier to find in the universe."

The reason why it is easier to discover is that the Higgs particle was discovered with the help of the Large Hadron Collider not long after the Large Hadron Collider was built.

However, the other three major particles of the four major particles of the universe have not been discovered, and dark matter is the most difficult to find.

"So, I think, to build a dark matter model should use gravity as the core."

General relativity was proposed by Einstein, and universal gravitation was proposed by Newton.

These two are the two strongest in the physics world.

Their research has affected the physical world so far, and many theories have not yet been demonstrated.

The physics world will be affected by them for hundreds of years to come.

Newton believed that all things have a force of attraction to each other, that is, universal gravitation.

Moreover, this gravitational force is proportional to the mass of matter, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between matter.

Universal gravitation cannot solve how the gravitational force between objects is transmitted and acts.

So in the universal gravitation, the gravitation is an action at a distance, and the transmission of gravitation does not need time by default.

After that, Einstein put forward the special theory of relativity, which believed that the speed of light is the limit speed of information transmission in the universe.

Therefore, Newton's gravitational action at a distance obviously contradicts the special theory of relativity.

It was not until Einstein proposed the general theory of relativity that this contradiction was completely resolved.

The general theory of relativity holds that the essence of gravitation is the curvature of space-time, and mass is the reason for the curvature of space-time. When an object moves in a curved three-dimensional space, it will tend to approach large celestial bodies. The intuitive effect of this trend is the attraction of gravity.

That is to say, there is no gravity in the general theory of relativity, and the reason why two objects attract each other is the equivalent effect caused by the motion of the objects in the curved space.

This equivalent effect is described by the gravitational field formula of general relativity, where the gravitational force is weak, the formula will degenerate into the law of universal gravitation of Newtonian mechanics.

Therefore, the general theory of relativity and universal gravitation are partly in conflict, and partly they are the supplement of general relativity to universal gravitation.

In today's scientific circles, universal gravitation has been recognized by everyone.

However, the general theory of relativity has not been recognized by everyone so far, and there are still many doubts in it. As time goes by, it is gradually being overthrown or recognized by the entire scientific community.

Next, the two argue on their respective points.

Although arguing, the two did not rise to personal conflict.

After all, they are just arguing academically and have nothing to do with personal conflicts.

Academics belong to academics, personal conflicts belong to personal conflicts, and there is no intersection between the two.

The rest just look at their arguments like that, and that's what academia is all about, arguments and arguments.

Otherwise, a truth cannot be stated.

After a long time, Ye Fei waved his hands and said with a smile: "Okay, you two, don't argue for now. Since one of you thinks it is better to use general relativity, and the other thinks it is better to use universal gravitation, then let's have a competition!"

"Both of you bring some people with you, one uses general relativity and the other uses gravitation."

"Whoever of you builds a dark matter model is good, we will use whichever one."

"What do you guys think?"

Ji Yu and Zong Shi looked at each other, Ji Yu said: "Okay, let's do this."

Zong Shidao: "I agree!"

Ye Fei looked at the rest of the people and said, "You can join them individually, you can join whichever group you want, it's completely up to you."

Ji Yu and Zong Shi immediately looked at the rest, they wanted to invite these people to join their group.

After all, building a dark matter model cannot be built by themselves, and they need the help of many people.

Ji Yu said: "Everyone, join my group, I think it is very feasible to use the general theory of relativity to build a dark matter model."

"Academician Liu, Academician Zhang, Professor Xu, Professor Yang... are you coming?"

Zong Shidao: "Everyone, join my group, I think it is very feasible to use gravity to build a dark matter model."

"Academician Zhou, Academician Sun, Professor Wang... are you coming?"

In the following time, the two began to attract the academicians and professors present.

Seeing this situation, Ye Fei knew whether it would end in a while.

So Ye Fei stood up and walked out of the conference room, returning to his office.

In the study of dark matter, building a model is only the first step, the second step is to study the field of dark matter, and the third step is the nature.

The final step is to discover dark matter, and then to capture it.

The next step is to study dark matter according to the discovered dark matter, so as to prove the field property of dark matter.

It is not until this point that dark matter can be applied.

Looking at the star map of the dark universe on the computer screen, Ye Fei thought, "If there is dark matter, there is dark energy, and there is also a dark universe. I don't know if there is dark life."

The universe is vast, and no one knows whether life on earth is the only life in the universe.

But many people have predicted that it is absolutely impossible for the universe to have life only on the earth, and there is also life on other planets.

The reason why life on other planets has not been discovered so far is that the earth’s technology has not yet reached the level of exploring other civilizations, and the second is that the earth’s people have limited the structure of life.

The so-called life structure, such as the physical life on earth, is all carbon-based life.

But some scientists also predict that there is another kind of life called silicon-based life.

The difference between carbon-based life and silicon-based life is that the structure of silicon-based life is more stable.

Silicon-based life has an extra electron layer on the carbon atom structure, which also makes silicon-based life more unstable.

Therefore, some scientists believe that carbon-based life is the only life in the universe.

Of course, some people think that there may be particles in the universe that are more stable than carbon atoms, or whose stability is close to that of carbon atoms.

Then, this element can also become the life structure.

Ye Feixin said: "With the dark universe, dark matter, and dark energy, if there is another dark life..."

"The dark universe is invisible, so is dark life also invisible?"

"Then what kind of life is this?"

Ye Fei smiled wryly and shook his head slightly, feeling that his brain had opened up a bit. This is not science, it is writing a science fiction novel!
No, science fiction is not so sci-fi, this is writing fantasy novels.

Ye Feixin said: "Let's talk about dark matter. It's too difficult to study dark matter theoretically. If you can obtain dark matter from the universe, and then deduce the theoretical knowledge of dark matter based on the actual dark matter, it will be much easier."

This is like making an atomic bomb. If you have a well-made atomic bomb in front of you, and you can deduce theories and applications based on the well-made atomic bomb, then making an atomic bomb will be many times easier.

At this time, there was a knock on the door outside!

Ye Fei said: "Please come in!"

The assistant walked in and said, "Dean, the video connection of the director of the satellite navigation system management office is up."

Ye Fei's eyes lit up when he heard this, and he smiled and said, "Come in for me."

"Ok!"

After the assistant said, he left Ye Fei's office.

Soon, a middle-aged man appeared on the computer screen in front of Ye Fei.

The middle-aged man has a refined temperament, wears a pair of glasses, and has half-white hair. He looks over 60 years old.

"Hi, Director Yang." Ye Fei smiled.

The satellite navigation system management office manages the satellites in the sky.

"Hello, Academician Ye, I have known you for a long time." Director Yang smiled.

"Where!" Ye Fei smiled lightly and said, "I have heard of your name a long time ago. I often saw you on TV when I was young, and I have admired you for a long time."

"Haha..." Director Yang laughed out loud, feeling that Ye Fei's words made him very comfortable.

Then Director Yang restrained his smile and asked, "Let's stop flattering each other, Academician Ye, I don't know what you want from me?"

Ye Fei said: "Director Yang, I heard that the Wukong satellite once went to the universe to detect dark matter. Is there such a thing?"

Dark matter is one of the hottest and cutting-edge research in physics.

Many countries around the world are studying dark matter, North America, Northern Russia, England, Israel, and Xia, all of these countries have researched, and even sent satellites to the universe to detect dark matter.

The largest dark matter detector in the world is LUX-ZEPLIN in North Li Country, or LZ for short.

Xia Guo's Wukong satellite is a satellite dedicated to detecting dark matter.

Director Yang said: "There is such a thing."

Ye Fei asked eagerly: "Has dark matter been detected?"

"How can it be so easy?" Director Yang shook his head slightly, and said with a wry smile: "If dark matter was detected, the whole world would have been shocked."

"There is no need to argue about the existence of dark matter."

Ye Fei felt very regretful.

Based on Ye Fei’s understanding of dark matter, the most abundant particles in the universe are not hydrogen and helium, but dark matter, accounting for 90% of all particles in the universe.

But there are so many particles that can be seen everywhere, but they cannot be found so far.

Even sending satellites to the depths of the universe cannot discover dark matter.

Ye Fei shook his head in his heart: "If there is real dark matter, it will be of great help to my research."

Director Yang suddenly said at this time: "Academician Ye, I heard that you discovered the dark universe at the National Astronomical Observatory some time ago?"

"En!" Ye Fei nodded.

It is not surprising that Director Yang knew about this, after all, the star map of the dark universe discovered at that time had already been handed over to the country.

As one of the important departments of the country, the Satellite Navigation System Management Office manages the country's satellites.

With the power of this department, it is qualified to see the star map of the dark universe.

Director Yang said: "Our department has also read the star map of the dark universe. Someone once suggested that we go to this universe to dig up dark matter, so that we don't have to work hard to detect dark matter."

Speaking of this, Director Yang smiled wryly. He also knew that the distance between the dark universe and the earth is 100 billion light-years.

Even if the earth is given 500 years, the technology cannot be improved to the point where it can go to the dark universe.

When Ye Fei heard this, his eyes flickered.

Then, he shook his head in his heart, snuffing out the thought in his heart.

That's impossible, at least not with current Earth technology.

Ye Fei still didn't give up and asked: "Is it true that you didn't find anything?"

“没有！”杨主任微微摇头：“自2015年12月17日8时12分，我国在酒泉卫星发射中心用运载火箭成功将暗物质粒子探测卫星悟空号发射，至今在宇宙中航行18年。”

"But no dark matter has been found so far."

"By the way, dark matter has not been discovered, but supermassive black holes and gamma-ray bursts have been discovered. Do you need these materials? If you need them, I can pass them on to you."

A supermassive black hole is a type of black hole with a mass between 100 million and 100 billion solar masses.

Usually, at the center of all galaxies, there will be one or several supermassive black holes.

Once on May 2022, 5, NASA announced an audio from the black hole at the center of the Perseus galaxy cluster 17 million light-years away. The sound is like a horror movie.

Gamma rays, also called gamma rays, or gamma particle streams.

The energy released by gamma rays in one second is the energy released by the sun in a lifetime, and it is the killer of cosmic civilization.

The planet that gamma rays passed through couldn't hold on for even ten seconds, and eventually turned into ashes.

Therefore, countless planets were destroyed under gamma rays.

Ye Fei shook his head slightly and said, "I don't need these for now, if necessary, I will contact you."

"Good!" Director Yang said.

After the two chatted for a few words, they hung up the video.

Ye Fei sighed in his heart: "It seems that dark matter cannot be obtained, so the only way to discover dark matter is through theory."

There are two paths to discovering dark matter.

One is to detect it in the universe through satellites. This path requires powerful technology.

After dark matter is detected, the theoretical knowledge of dark matter is reversed based on the actual dark matter.

The second is to deduce dark matter theoretically, and then create a machine to detect dark matter.

Of the two methods, the first method is the simplest, but requires powerful technology.

The second method is the most difficult, using never-before-seen dark matter to deduce theoretical knowledge.

It is very difficult to start from scratch.

Of course, these two methods are difficult, one is the high requirement for technology, and the other is the high requirement for scientific research.

At this time, Ye Fei's cell phone rang.

Ye Fei took out his mobile phone to look at it, then frowned slightly, and muttered to himself in doubt: "Director Li?"

The caller was the director of the Graphene Research Center.

In the past, Ye Fei developed the C72 fullerene and carbon nanotube manufacturing method at the Graphene Research Institute.

This led to the upgrading of the Graphene Research Institute to the Graphene Research Center, and the original director of the Graphene Research Institute was upgraded to the director of the Graphene Research Center.

"What is he calling me for? By the way, since I left the Graphene Research Center, I haven't been in touch with Director Li and Dean Gao for a long time."

Dean Gao was originally the director of the Fullerene Research Institute of the Graphene Research Institute.

Later, the Fullerene Research Institute was upgraded to the Fullerene Research Institute, and the director was also promoted to the dean.

When Ye Fei first went to the Graphene Research Institute, he did experiments with Dean Gao and discovered C72 fullerene.

Ye Fei answered the phone while talking, and said with a smile, "Director Li, long time no see!"

"Academician Ye, you are a celebrity now, and you haven't been back since you left our graphene research center!"

Ye Fei said dumbfoundedly: "It's my fault, I will definitely find a chance to go back in the future."

Director Li said: "Okay, I won't tease you, Academician Ye, do you still remember that when you were doing experiments in our graphene research center, you discovered a special material from graphene, but you didn't study it carefully at that time. "

When Ye Fei was doing experiments at the Graphene Research Center, he would record some unknown discoveries and leave them for others to study.

"Remember." Ye Fei said in confusion, "What's wrong? Did you guys discover that substance?"

"Of course, you don't know the magic of that material, it's really amazing." Director Li said excitedly: "I've never seen such a magical material."

(End of this chapter)