Daming: Old Zhu, we agreed not to rush!

Chapter 419 A brief explanation of the military service system of past dynasties
"Huh...ha..."

In the early morning, Zhu Di had already started morning exercises in the small courtyard.

Su Jing brushed her teeth and felt ashamed when she saw Zhu Di being so self-disciplined.

He couldn't do it if he and Zhu Di insisted on morning exercises every day.

Is it really a trait that all successful people have?

Such an idea popped up in Su Jing's mind for no reason.

"Sir, today is the last day. The student thought carefully last night and now knows what to ask you."

After Zhu Di finished his punch, he slowly came to Su Jing.

On the last day of three days, even though Zhu Di felt a lot of reluctance, he could not change anything.

"Gududu..."

Su Jing rinsed her mouth, then smiled and said: "What does King Yan want to learn today?"

Zhu Di looked at Su Jing with firm eyes and said, "Sir, the student wants to learn military service."

military service?

Su Jing's face condensed, and she was really surprised.

Although this military service is also part of the military, it is really not a question that Zhu Di can ask for advice now.

"What's the matter, sir? The student would like to ask about military service. Do you have any questions?"

Zhu Di looked at Su Jing's confused eyes and couldn't help but ask.

Su Jing shook her head and said: "It's nothing, I'm just a little surprised. I can talk about military service. But before I talk about it, I want to ask King Yan, why after thinking about it all night, what I want to ask about is military service?"

Zhu Di breathed a sigh of relief after hearing Su Jing's words.

If he was rejected again, Zhu Di really didn't know what he should ask for advice.

"gentlemen."

Zhu Di replied: "Students believe that in addition to money and food, the training of sergeants, how to recruit soldiers is also an extremely important matter in the army."

"However, throughout the history of the military service system, it seems that it is always changing. Students know that the changes are to better recruit soldiers. What students want to know is, is there a perfect military service?"

Perfect military service.

After Su Jing heard this, she smiled and said, "King Yan is quite courageous."

Recruitment has always been an extremely important part of the ancient army.

Being able to ask questions about military service shows that Zhu Di is obsessed with marching and fighting, not just because it is majestic to lead troops to fight, but because he really wants to make achievements.

"Mr. Su is ridiculously complimentary. The student has learned too little to deserve such praise from Mr. Su."

Zhu Di immediately said modestly.

If this happened before, he would really be an arrogant and naughty master.

Relying on his status as a prince, he doesn't take many people seriously.

Su Jing moved her body a little and said, "Okay, he is obviously a young man, but why is he so mature? A young man should be a little proud of his youth."

"Since you want to know about military service, today I will talk about military service."

As long as it wasn't military combat theory, Su Jing was still somewhat confident. She was already searching for the books she had read in her previous life.

"Thank you sir."

Zhu Di bowed and saluted.

Su Jing walked forward quickly and said, "Let's go, let's go have breakfast and talk while eating."

Zhu Di nodded and followed Su Jing, and soon the two of them appeared at a breakfast stall.

The steamed buns are freshly hot lamb buns, the bean curd is a bowl of spicy tofu dipped in salty water, and the fried dough sticks are large, freshly fried dough sticks.

Although it is not a delicacy, the taste is not inferior to that of delicacies.

Su Jing took a bite of the mutton bun, and she could see the meat in one bite. The mutton fat flowed between her lips and teeth, like playing a beautiful piece of music.

"It's wonderful!"

Su Jing couldn't help but praise.

Zhu Di was curious and picked up a bun and tasted it. As soon as he bit into it, his expression changed immediately.

"Really delicious."

After Zhu Di finished speaking, he took another big bite, and the hot bun was gone in two bites.

Su Jing looked at Zhu Di and said, "King Yan, food is for enjoyment. Eat slowly and savor it carefully."

Speaking of Zhu Di's eating style, it is really in the same vein as Zhu Yuanzhang.

To put it bluntly, it is just four words, wind and waves.

Zhu Yuanzhang eats quickly, which is purely a habit he has learned from many years of marching. During the war, he did not have so much time to eat.

As for Zhu Di, it's because he really doesn't care about eating.

"Yes, sir."

Zhu Di nodded, picked up the second bun, and slowed down.

Su Jing said calmly: "King Yan, you said before that you have understood the military service system in history. Let me ask you, what military service systems do you know?"

Upon hearing Su Jing's inquiry, Zhu Di, who had just slowed down to eat the buns, immediately swallowed the buns whole.

"Mr. Hui, students know that the current military service system of the Ming Dynasty is a garrison system. There are garrison stations all over the country. Soldiers are passed down from generation to generation. The military supplies of the garrison stations mainly rely on farming."

Zhu Di immediately answered: "The military service system of the Yuan Dynasty is different from that of the Ming Dynasty. Because the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty was a Mongolian, their military service is different for Mongolians and us Han people."

"The Mongolian ministries adopt the method that all adult men become soldiers. As long as they reach the age, they automatically become soldiers. For the Han people, the military household system is implemented. As long as the Han people are classified as military households, they will have military status for generations."

"In the Song Dynasty, recruiting soldiers was the main method. Some standards were set, such as length, physique, etc., and recruits of different levels would be incorporated into different armies. However, although there were recruitments, there were also situations where there were not enough sergeants. Therefore, it is also supplemented with compulsory military service and the conscription system, that is, the government compulsorily recruits soldiers and provides a certain number of strong men for military service based on the population status of each household." "This is all the students know. If there are any mistakes or omissions, please correct me. .”

Zhu Di explained everything in one breath, moving forward bit by bit from the Ming Dynasty, and gave a general overview of the military service system of the Ming, Yuan, and Song dynasties.

This shocked Su Jing very much. Zhu Di's understanding was that it had reached this level.

I have to be careful what I say. If I talk too much nonsense, I'm afraid it will be seen through.

"Well, that's right. It seems that King Yan already knows a lot about military service."

Su Jing took a spoonful of beancurd and put it into her mouth. The smooth and spicy feeling filled her mouth instantly.

Tastes great as always.

Su Jing swallowed the bean curd and continued: "Since King Yan already knows a lot, I will just click on it. I will divide the conscription system that appeared in history roughly in the order of time."

"The first is the tribal military system. The tribal military system, also known as the militia system, began in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. At that time, productivity was weak, the land was publicly owned, and there was no distinction between soldiers and civilians. They served the people in peacetime and soldiers in wartime. Each member had the responsibility to protect his family and the country. obligations.”

"In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the system of land enfeoffment and state-building was implemented. The emperor of Zhou enfeoffed the land to the princes, which were called 'states'. The princes allocated the land to the officials, which were called 'houses'. The land of the officials was managed by 'scholars'. The most important task of a scholar is to take care of himself, which is self-cultivation. After self-cultivation, it is to regulate the family, that is, to help the minister manage his land. Helping the princes to manage the country is called "ruling the country", and helping the emperor to manage the world is called "peace" The world'."

"Cultivating one's moral integrity, managing one's family, governing the country, and bringing peace to the world has become the highest ideal of life for countless scholars."

Having said this, Su Jing took a bite of fried dough sticks. Deep-fried dough sticks don't taste good when they are cold.

Zhu Di listened attentively: "So this is what teachers often say about cultivators bringing family together, governing the country, and bringing peace to the world. The students now understand a little bit."

Zhu Di had not studied Confucian theory seriously before, so he was really unclear about this concept.

Now I understand what Su Jing said.

Su Jing said calmly: "Let's continue, let's talk about the Western Zhou Dynasty. At that time, there was a saying that 'Chinese people should be soldiers, and barbarians should not be soldiers'. In fact, it was because of the state system of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Only the people living in the royal dynasty were Chinese people, and the others They are all savages, and being a soldier was an honor and privilege at that time. The people living in the royal territory were basically a group of scholar-bureaucrats and aristocrats."

"Then during the Warring States Period, years of wars led to huge consumption of the army. The army only relied on the literati and noble groups, and there was a serious shortage of soldiers."

"In order to ensure the combat effectiveness of the army, the king relaxed the distinction between the country and the wild people. The barbarians can also serve as soldiers, and it is compulsory to serve as soldiers. When Qin destroyed the six kingdoms and followed the old system, it was directly stipulated that men must register when they were 15 years old. Register, this is called "Fu Ji". Men after Fu Ji are equivalent to reserve soldiers. There is no war in peacetime, and they are ordinary people. They do what they should do. But if there is war, as long as the country recruits them, they must join the army immediately. , this Fu Ji can only be lifted when you are 60 years old."

"After that, this Fu Ji system was followed for a while, but there was a difference in the age at which men became Fu Ji."

"During the time of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, there was a saying that 'the first Fu was born at the age of 23, and he was exempted from the age of 56'. The Han Dynasty stipulated that a man at twenty was a Ding and could be granted land. Does King Yan know why the age of twenty was Ding and the Fu family was only started at the age of 23?"

Zhu Di was stunned by this sudden question.

He only knew about Fu Ji now. Land can be granted at the age of 20 and Fu Ji at 23. Why is the three-year time difference? Zhu Di frowned and thought carefully.

"Students don't know."

Zhu Di shook his head. This still exceeded his knowledge reserve.

Su Jing was not surprised and said calmly: "Actually, this represents the production efficiency of the people in the Han Dynasty. After being granted a field, a 20-year-old adult man can save a year's rations by farming for three years. The family has If you have enough food left over, you can join the army."

"So, the military service system is actually closely related to social productivity."

Productivity and military service?

Zhu Di was a little confused, but he kept these words in his heart.

Su Jing continued: "There were three types of military service for men in the Han Dynasty. You didn't just choose one of these three, you had to serve them all."

"The first is to serve locally or in the capital, usually only for one year, and is called a 'regular soldier'; the second is to serve at the border, and is called a 'garrison soldier'; and the third is to serve in the military for one month every year. It’s called ‘more pawns’.”

"Fu Ji's system is actually a conscription system. The state agencies forcefully recruit people to serve as soldiers, without any choice."

"In addition to the generally implemented conscription system, there are also a small number of conscription systems in the past dynasties. Different from the conscription system, the conscription system is where the state pays heavily to recruit soldiers with particularly strong combat effectiveness to form special forces. For example, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty recruited a cavalry unit composed of the minority Qiang ethnic group, saying They are Qiang cavalry."

"Just now, King Yan, you said that the recruitment system was the main one in the Song Dynasty. The main reason was that the economy of the Song Dynasty was quite strong and the country's finances were sufficient to cover the huge expenditure of recruiting soldiers. In the later period of the Song Dynasty, most of the armies were recruited. system."

"In addition, there is the Fubing system, which started in the Western Wei Dynasty and was carried forward in the Tang Dynasty. The so-called Fubing system means that the country sets up military offices and recruits the children of wealthy peasants to join the army."

"Kulaks refer to households in the government. Generally speaking, the family property is substantial and the wealth is considerable. The farming is borne by the tenants, and serving as a soldier is a symbol of glory."

"One of the characteristics of the government army system is that soldiers must prepare some of their own weapons and equipment, such as horses, swords, and food and grass. The government only distributes a small amount of supplies. The government army system can greatly reduce the national financial expenditure on the army, and its advantages are outstanding. But there are also disadvantages.”

"After all, rich farmers are only a minority. We only rely on the government army system, and the number of soldiers we can recruit is very limited."

"The Ci of Mulan also makes it very clear, 'Buy horses in the east market, saddles and saddles in the west market, bridles in the south market, and long whips in the north market.' This was the conscription situation under the government army system at that time."

"Boss, bring me a pot of tea!"

After another long section of output, Su Jing shouted directly to the boss.

If you talk too much, it’s easy to become dry, mainly eating fried dough sticks.

"Come on, sir."

The boss quickly brought a pot of hot tea. Even though this was a breakfast shop, there was still tea available.

Zhu Di carefully remembered what Su Jing said. Although he already knew many of them, he also had a different feeling when Su Jing cited scriptures and explained them in simple terms.

It is clearly talking about the military service system, but it involves many other aspects.

"Yeah, King Yan, you remember that's almost it, should I continue?"

Su Jing calmed down and asked Zhu Di.

Zhu Di nodded and said, "Sir, please."

Su Jing said lightly: "Now talking about the Yuan Dynasty, as you just said, the Yuan Dynasty had different military service systems for Mongolians and other races. To put it bluntly, the military service system of the Mongolians was a tribal military system, while other races were Military household system.”

"Men between the ages of 15 and 75 in all Mongolian tribes are obliged to serve in the military; while among the Han people, military status is established, military households are issued, and soldiers serve for generations."

"As for the guard system of our Ming Dynasty, it was actually a combination of the military household system and the settlement system. The people of the Ming Dynasty were divided into military households, civilian households, craftsman households and kitchen households."

"King Yan, at first glance, the military household system and the military household system are both hereditary systems. They seem to be similar, but in fact they are actually different in nature. Do you know the difference?"

If you don’t ask questions in class, your job as a teacher will be in vain.

Su Jing's question once again made Zhu Di fall into thinking. Su Jing just talked about a lot of things, a lot of information, and very dry.

So now Zhu Di needs to carefully recall the content of Su Jing's lecture just now.

Su Jing took this opportunity to clear away the few remaining steamed buns. These mutton steamed buns were simply more delicious than the pork steamed buns!

(End of this chapter)