1949 I am from the future

()【89】Large iron and steel complex

Xiaoqiang looked at the Prime Minister with a bitter face and said, "I see, Prime Minister. In fact, the seed transportation failed last time, and I still feel very guilty."

The Prime Minister leaned back on the sofa and said with a smile: "You are still feeling sorry for that incident. In fact, I still want to praise you. You bought so many advanced seedling cultivation equipment and brought back so many Information, this is a great achievement in itself, and I was thinking about giving you a great credit."

The chairman took out the cigarette case and threw it to Xiaoqiang. Xiaoqiang was flattered and quickly took it. He took out the zip and lit it for the chairman. I've heard about it, so how can it be considered a failure? The Minister of Agriculture Li Shucheng got the equipment and materials you sent, organized experts to conduct research overnight, and came to wake me up before dawn the next day. You haven't even seen his joy.

Zhong Yang has already decided that the Ministry of Agriculture will set up a science and technology department to try to cultivate these high-quality and high-yield seeds as soon as possible according to the data. It is foreseeable that in the near future, the food problem of 4000 million Chinese people will be fundamentally solved. Tell me Look, what's your fault? "

The chairman took another puff of cigarette, thought for a while, and then said: "You are not allowed to criticize casually in the future. Remember, your merits and demerits will be judged by Zhong Yang. What you say doesn't matter, and whoever says it doesn't count. Whoever has an opinion, let him come to me."

When Xiaoqiang heard this, his whole body was less than two or two pounds lighter, and he suddenly floated up.All merits and demerits will be judged by Zhong Yang!This is not a simple sentence!How many people are there in the whole country with this treatment?

The Prime Minister jokingly said: "Did you hear that, the Chairman is eager to protect the calf, you remember, in the future, just ask the Chairman and me if you have anything to do, don't think about it by yourself.

Regarding the construction of iron and steel enterprises, if you tell us about it, it should be a popular science for us. "

Xiaoqiang was a little apprehensive, picked up his teacup and said, "I don't know much about iron and steel companies, but since you said it, Prime Minister, I'll give you an overview of what I know, as a reference for the leaders."

The chairman and the prime minister nodded, and the chairman took a sip of tea and said, "Let's be clear, we laymen can understand what I want to say, that's the way to go, otherwise you will be fined to write a written report." After finishing speaking, the chairman and the prime minister Everyone is happy.

Xiaoqiang said with a smile: "In fact, although the iron and steel industry is very important and its technological content is not low, in general, the concentrated expression of science and technology lies in two aspects. One is the energy consumed per ton of steel and the pollution emitted; the other is How high is the technical index of the steel products produced. The pursuit of metallurgical technology by various countries in the world is as simple as that.

The equipment I purchased was at the level of the late 80s and early 90s, and the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel was around 1.5 tons of standard coal. Although it is far inferior to the comprehensive energy consumption of 0.5 to 0.6 tons of standard coal per ton of steel in some super large iron and steel complexes, but Compared with the 5 to 6 tons of standard coal in domestic steel mills today, that is a world of difference. Even the best steel mills in the United States in 1950 had a comprehensive energy consumption of about 4 tons per ton of steel. It can be said that Our equipment is the most high-tech steelmaking equipment in the world. "

Hearing this, the chairman and the prime minister couldn't bear the smiles on their faces, and they were obviously very happy.

Xiaoqiang went on to say: "I purchased according to the planning drawings of a medium-sized iron and steel complex, from industrial oxygen production equipment to coal coking plants. Frankly speaking, the process of steelmaking is actually very simple, that is, iron ore Auxiliary materials such as stone, coke, limestone, fluorite, etc. are mixed and put into the blast furnace to burn molten iron, and then discharge the slag. In this process, fuel oil and oxygen blast should be put into the blast furnace to make the reaction in the blast furnace fully and as much as possible. Extract all the iron ore.

The molten iron flowing out of the blast furnace is pig iron, which can meet the country's demand for pig iron.However, in order to further obtain steel products, it is necessary to pour molten iron from the blast furnace into the oxygen converter or electric arc furnace to continue refining. A blast furnace is often equipped with many furnaces, and some of the furnaces can add scrap steel to improve the recycling rate of resources. Some furnaces can Add alloys to produce alloy steel with various alloy properties.These processes are steelmaking.The electric arc furnace is a good thing. After coal power generation, electric steelmaking is used. The comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel has been reduced to less than 2011 tons in 0.2.Of course, the construction of this power plant is not a small expense.

But large-scale iron and steel complexes don't just produce molten steel and finish the work. The molten steel is sent to the refining equipment outside the furnace for further purification and processing, which is also called secondary steelmaking, so that the performance of molten steel can be further improved.There are various equipments for secondary steelmaking, and the characteristics of the steel produced are also various. This step is the key to determining the quality of a country's high-performance steel. There are also various thermal processing techniques in this step.

The second part is all kinds of cold processing techniques. Whether it is from these various furnaces, spray cans, dough mixers, etc., the molten steel from the refining equipment outside the furnace is poured into various molds and cast into After the casting is formed, it is further cut and polished with a grinding machine or other machine tools in the cutting and assembly factory to become a steel casting.

If the molten steel obtained from the refining equipment outside the furnace is cooled on the casting bed to form ingots, and then sent to the heating furnace, heated like pieces of red bricks, it is pulled from the production line to various large forging hydraulic presses, and processed into ingots. Parts of various specifications and models belong to further advanced processing, and the resulting ones are not called steel castings but forged steel parts.

Of course, these are all advanced processing. Ordinary molten steel does not need to be put into refining equipment outside the furnace for secondary steelmaking. It can be directly made into ingots, and then put into a uniform furnace for heat treatment. After being baked into red bricks, it is sent to the preliminary rolling mill. It is rolled into steel plates, and then sent to a heating furnace to be heated into bright red steel plates.

Next is the time to produce products. First, it is sent to the steel plate rolling mill to produce medium-thick steel plates. After the medium-thick steel plates are cut, they can be punched and rolled by the pipe making unit to make steel pipes.

The second is to send it into the long and cruel strip steel hot rolling mill to continuously roll and stretch, and then thin hot-rolled strips will be produced. We see the kind of toilet paper that is rolled up and piled up in large rolls. The thin steel plate is the hot-rolled plate and strip, and these thin steel plates can also be made into steel pipes of various diameters by electric resistance welded pipe units, spiral welded pipe units, and pressure welded pipe units.

The third is to send it to the strip steel cold tandem rolling unit to be rolled into cold-rolled plate and strip. After such cold rolling, the coils of steel strip cannot be used for making pipes. They are sent to the electro-tinning production line to be tinned plate. Ordinary galvanized sheets are sent to the hot-dip galvanizing production line, electro-galvanized sheets are sent to the electro-galvanizing production line, and painted anti-rust steel sheets are sent to the paint anti-rust production line. By analogy, various processing can be done.

The ingots mentioned above can also be sent to various special-shaped rolling mills after the red light, instead of making plates, they can be made into I-beams, half-cut steels, T-beams, rebars, corrugated steels, and rails, as long as you want If you can get the shape and make the corresponding special-shaped rolling mill, you are not afraid that you will not be able to make it.It can even be sent to the endless wire and bar rolling mill, drawn into thin steel wire and steel bars, and the small steel bars are wrapped with iron powder and other materials to be the welding electrodes we use.As for the steel wire, it has many uses.

If it is a stainless steel ingot, then after coming out of the heating furnace, a "Sendzimir" rolling mill is used to slowly make the stainless steel ingot into stainless steel plates of various thicknesses, or send it into a seamless tube rolling mill, knead it into The round noodles are turned from the beginning to the end with a super long milling turn to make stainless steel seamless steel pipes.

Xiao Qiangding talked a lot without bangs, but it was very simple and easy to understand. The two elders nodded frequently, and Xiao Qiang's heart was itchy. , Simple common sense of torpedo-type 60-ton mixer.

After Xiaoqiang finished his description of the iron and steel complex in vernacular, the chairman and the prime minister actually applauded. After drinking tea, the chairman said: "Very good, even an old man who has never been a steel worker can understand what he said. Yes, Xiaoqiang, you can do it, I think it is the material of the director of the Iron and Steel Department of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry."

The prime minister said humorously: "I think it is possible, at least it is also a deputy director."

Xiaoqiang's head was sweating, and he thought to himself that you and your elders should stop playing with me. I left my profession after graduation. If I were asked to lead the iron and steel industry, China would probably only be able to produce some strip steel.

Xiaoqiang quickly explained: "My knowledge is really superficial. If I really want to talk about it in detail, I can't finish talking about the technical process, technical specifications and special equipment of this metallurgy in three days and three nights. The various research institutes that need to be established There are at least 3, and the shortage of experts and senior technicians in this field in our country at this stage is at least [-], I think."

Speaking of technicians, the Prime Minister also frowned, looked at the coffee table in front of him and said: "So far, we have sent more than 1000 foreign students to study in the Soviet Union. Now, even if we send all of them to the Ministry of Metallurgy, it is not enough. "

Xiao Qiangxin said that this has doubled the number of 1950 students studying in the Soviet Union in the historical period of 400.