1949 I am from the future

()【75】The Shock of Books

In 1950, according to Xiaoqiang's suggestion, the 491 project book editing team had already completed the compilation of a strange book-"The Barefoot Doctor's Handbook", and began to send it to the printing factory for batch printing.

The reason why Xiaoqiang pays attention to this book is that in history, in 1965, the Minister of Health reported to the Chairman that only 140% of the more than 10 million medical and health personnel in the country were in rural areas, but the rural population accounted for 90% of the total population.This set of figures made the chairman furious, and the old man became angry: "The Ministry of Health is not the Ministry of Health of the people. It should be changed to the Ministry of Health of the City or the Ministry of Health of the Lord, or the Ministry of Health of the Lord of the City." The old man immediately issued an order: "Cultivate a large number of A doctor who is 'affordable in rural areas'."

In 1969, the "Barefoot Doctor's Handbook" collectively compiled by Puhai College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhejiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine was published. For the first time, these knowledgeable senior experts started from the reality at the grassroots level, grasped the medical conditions at the grassroots level, and turned the profound and complex into Jing Concise, with the most simple language, the most practical way to popularize the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, this book does not follow the traditional practice, first talk about anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, but focus on the problem , clear, simple, practical, and practical, has become a successful case of popularizing medical education for the masses.

The "Barefoot Doctor's Handbook" became popular all over the country after it was published. This book did it: as long as you can read, you can be a barefoot doctor, and you can quickly diagnose and treat various common diseases that accounted for 99% of the total number of diseases at that time.As a result, a large number of grassroots barefoot doctors were quickly trained for the country, which fundamentally solved the problem of difficult medical treatment in rural areas at that time.

The "Barefoot Doctor's Handbook", which condensed the efforts of a large number of experts, was so successful that it even attracted great attention from the international community. The United Kingdom, the United States and UNESCO have translated it, and more than 50 words have been translated successively. There are so many kinds!Published all over the world, up to now, you can still see the English version of "The Barefoot Doctor's Handbook" in bookstores in some Western countries.This book can help a medical student who has been studying medicine for several years but still can't figure out the way of outpatient clinic and first aid to become an experienced clinician immediately, and it can also help ordinary people avoid the tedious cost of seeking medical advice and diagnose and treat common diseases by themselves .Especially for ordinary families with low income and the people of the third world countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, the significance is even greater. It can be said that a book has benefited countless people and saved the lives of countless patients. It is said that it is a divine book Well deserved.

In the new China at this moment, some medical authorities who just saw this book in a bookstore were stunned, and they all sighed: Who compiled this book?Never heard of it.Easy to understand!To be able to summarize complex medical problems into such solutions and written expressions requires extremely profound medical academic attainments and decades of clinical experience in general practitioners. For each judgment method and solution here, see It seems simple, but real experts know that only the top academic authorities of various medical sciences can underestimate each disease with such a simple and practical method to the maximum accuracy. The medication and surgery are so easy to solve, and the description is so clear.Isn't the so-called master the one who can make complicated things simple?This is really in response to an old saying "the road is as simple as it is".

At first glance, the publishing unit is the "491 Engineering Medical Subject Writing Group".It even made the medical experts blow up the pot. The first thought of many experts was: Why is no one looking for me to join this expert group?Since then, there has been a saying in domestic medical circles that the medical experts who can enter the zhong yang491 project are god-level experts.

The writing groups of these various disciplines are really too mysterious. Everyone asked and asked, but no one around them admitted to being absorbed into the 491 project.

The extreme secrecy of a matter will be raised to infinite admiration. Many famous medical experts in the northern capital have asked the Ministry of Health if they can absorb themselves into the 491 Project Medical Group, so that they can do their best in the compilation of other medical books in the future. Let's improve and learn together with more experts from all over the world.

The Ministry of Health was very helpless, so it had to prevaricate with the excuses it had prepared: "These experts are with you, but they are not allowed to reveal their identities according to the requirements of the confidentiality regulations. Please don't inquire about it in the future, and learn from these experts who work silently and selflessly. Work hard for the prosperity of the motherland."

The more you don't let inquires, the more amazing it will be spread outside.After all, the facts are in front of you. You must know that not only the medical field, but also the teaching and research groups of various disciplines in several key universities across the country are constantly receiving new books and materials published by the various writing groups of the 491 Project. It is said that they are all "talented with the latitude and longitude of the world", and Einstein is nothing more than that.In particular, those professional textbooks and special research books and materials compiled by the 491 group, the in-depth research on various branches of the disciplines, is definitely ahead of the advanced level in the world at that time, and many of the contents of the discussions have not even been touched by those doctors who returned from Europe and the United States. Yes, even unheard of.Many of the experiments and related experimental equipment described in the book belong to people who have never heard of them.

However, many professional scientific and technical books published by Project 491 have the words "secret" or "confidential" printed on them, and some even have "top secret" printed on them!Leaking is punishable by punishment.Especially for key subjects, each book is numbered and recorded. Borrowing must be approved by the department heads and party committees of each university, and some are even only open to national experts, requiring ministerial-level administrative approval and party committee approval to read.Some books also have a time limit for borrowing.Some books are strictly required to be read in the confidential room, and it is forbidden to take them out of the confidential borrowing room. All transcribed notes must be approved.Once these strictly numbered and recorded books are found to be lost, they will be traced to the end by the security department. This objectively ensures that the technology will not leak out as much as possible, and the secrets will not be leaked.

Even so, the various books on the market have greatly enriched the cultural market of New China, especially the pinyin literacy and simplified Chinese characters that the Ministry of Culture is vigorously promoting, which has caused social shock. The purpose of zhong yang is very clear, one step is in place, and popularize the final version of simplified Chinese characters and Hanyu Pinyin Mandarin.The originally established Language Reform Committee was changed to Simplified Chinese Characters and Hanyu Pinyin Promotion Committee.

The academic world is a bit chaotic at the moment. Many old scholars are emotional that they have not been absorbed into the 491 project, so the state arranges them to be responsible for the promotion and popularization of simplified Chinese characters and pinyin in a province or city to stabilize their emotions.

With the popularization of simplified Chinese characters and Hanyu Pinyin, the mass literacy campaign has become more efficient.After the simplified characters were released, they were warmly welcomed by the masses.

In Chaoyang Road Primary School in Beidu, a teacher was writing on the blackboard and introducing simplified Chinese characters to the primary school students: "Students, the word "start school" can be written as "start school" from now on. The eyes of the students lit up and they applauded happily Come.

One evening, the Beidu Cultural Palace was full of workers who participated in a literacy cram school. One of the workers stood up and said excitedly to the literacy class: "I can't remember the words 'Jian, Bian, and Ban' after learning it for half a year. Live, now simplified to 'end, side, do', remember it at once."

"That's right, I only learned six characters in one night before, but tonight I've memorized more than twenty!" A wrinkled old teacher said happily to the teacher.

At the same time, the State Council ordered that the Ministry of Education, the Broadcasting Bureau, and the Zhongyang People's Broadcasting Station jointly start holding broadcast lectures on mandarin pronunciation teaching.Primary and secondary schools and normal schools across the country began to promote Putonghua teaching.There is a wave of enthusiasm for learning pinyin and simplified characters all over the country.

Historically, the country’s pinyin promotion work has taken some detours. Although pinyin showed great prowess in the 1958 literacy campaign, it was not until 1983 that the preliminary decision was made to fully promote the principle of pinyin teaching in primary education, because the Ministry of Education Shi finally passed the experiment and proved by facts that children who learn Pinyin first can recognize more than 1000 Chinese characters a year, while children who learn Pinyin later can only recognize more than 600 Chinese characters, which is almost half of the difference.After one year, children who learn Pinyin can read 5 words after class, while those who do not learn Pinyin only have 1.5 words.

The benefits of pinyin are obvious. The library adopts pinyin coding and retrieval methods, which doubles the work efficiency. It is the most popular retrieval method among readers.According to the statistics of a library, under the condition of the same level of proficiency, in the past, it took time to arrange 1000 cards according to the strokes of Chinese characters, and 3500 cards according to the pinyin alphabet; — 200 species.In short, the efficiency of arranging cards and using cards to look up books has increased by 700-750 times.Moreover, due to the strong regularity of the pinyin letters, it is not easy to make mistakes, and the error rate of film arrangement is reduced by 3-3.5% when operated by personnel with the same proficiency.

In the first hospital in New China to promote the use of pinyin numbering, when a patient lost his registration card and came to check the number, the staff often quickly found his medical record within 30 seconds as soon as he said his name.Many patients asked strangely: "Have you memorized all our medical record numbers?" In fact, this is just a small display of the "supernatural power" in Chinese pinyin.

In the 21st century, sign language teaching based on Pinyin has also been promoted by the Ministry of Culture to help deaf people acquire the ability to communicate.

To say that Xiaoqiang brought a lot of idle books, the first ones selected by Project 491 to print and publish were the simplified Chinese versions of the Four Great Classics, as well as the Seven Heroes and Five Righteousnesses, The Case of Peng Gong, The Detective Collection of Sherlock Holmes, and more than [-] domestic and foreign volumes. The selected novels have suddenly enriched the leisure and cultural reading materials on the market in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the country will also obtain huge profits through mass publishing and printing.

New China, due to the arrival of Xiaoqiang, is now waiting for a hundred flowers to flourish.Everyone is busy studying, embracing the huge amount of information in the new China, eager to learn the culture, and when they are free, they can also go to the bookstores in the market to choose a variety of novels to read.