Hongwu Survival Guide

Chapter 288 The First 'Three-Year Plan'

Having mentioned the matter of He Bosi, the topic also came to the main topic of this meeting about the 'Three-Year Plan'.

During this period of time, the first "Three-Year Plan" of the Ming Dynasty, the various departments of the center have been constantly studying and consulting, and Zhu Yuan also gave a direction, just a few words.

Do subtraction.

He has too many ideas and wants to do too much. The more important thing is that Lao Zhu is still quite contradictory. He has a patient side to do things, but also a very eager side.

Get up in a hurry and drive people crazy.

However, things always have to be done step by step.

Therefore, Zhu Yuan gave an idea of ​​'doing subtraction'.

The most critical point of the first "three-year plan", in Zhu Yuan's opinion, is not to make some earth-shattering achievements, the key is to do well and make a good start.

This requires planning to be simpler.

slightly less.

Just like the former film and television industry, when making a movie, you usually start with the simplest shots, instead of all kinds of "boom boom boom" at the beginning.

Ok……

It's entertaining again.

Therefore, to finalize the three-year plan, there are only six projects.

The first one: digging the Jianghuai Canal and dredging the Grand Canal.

These two projects are combined. On the one hand, they are of the same type. On the other hand, they are also divided into primary and secondary reasons. The excavation of the Jianghuai Canal is the main one, and the dredging of the Grand Canal is supplemented. In three years, we will only focus on some points that are seriously silted up, rather than rebuilding on a large scale.

The key is the Jianghuai Canal.

This is related to the coal and iron transportation channel between Huainan and quarrying.

Putting out the first item, everyone bowed their heads together and began to browse the draft plan issued in advance.

In fact, I have basically seen it before, so I don’t have any big opinions, just discuss it briefly and pass it quickly.

then……

The second one: Tuntian.

Kang Maocai is in charge of this matter, and all departments of the center will cooperate.

At the same time, a goal has been set: 100 million mu in the first year, and 500 million mu in total in three years.

This time, Lord Zuo Xiang said, "My lord, I still feel that the goal of 100 million mu a year and 500 million mu in three years is...too small. It's just that the land that has been measured in Shandong recently is far more than that." 500 million mu."

Li Shanchang said this to Lao Zhu, but Kang Maocai in the audience felt uncomfortable.

These days, Kang Maocai has not been idle.

Although the first time I had a discussion with a certain boy Pingzhang, a certain person passed out due to exhaustion, but after that, he gave some opinions one after another.

In addition, according to the contact with the local area, it is estimated that next spring, at least 10 soldiers and civilians will be able to participate in the farming.

10 people, with the support of the imperial court, opened up 100 million acres of wasteland a year. This figure is not high at all.

The average person is only 10 acres.

What's more, the scale of 10 people is only a rough estimate, and it will continue to increase in the future. According to the plan of a certain young man Pingzhang, it is not unusual to reach a scale of one million people in the future.

Therefore, even Kang Maocai himself feels that the goal of 100 million mu in the first year and 500 million mu in the third year is not high.

Li Shanchang asked a question, but Lao Zhu still didn't answer this time, and looked down again at his baby's 23rd grandson on the right.

Zhu Yuan could only open his mouth: "Master Zuo, and my lords, we need to be clearer. Now, everything is just the beginning. Therefore, it is only beneficial to set the goal lower. After all, this does not mean that we set the goal. The goal of 500 million mu in three years can only be achieved to 500 million mu. In the future, the more completed, the more surprises will be able to surprise the world. This kind of surprise is actually urgently needed in the early days of the founding of the country, just like auspiciousness.”

Lao Li: "..."

What can i say?
I am not good at reasoning!

In the conference room, I thought I had to skip it again, but Zhou Zhen, Minister of the Ministry of Justice who had little to do with today's meeting, said, "Pingzhang, I feel that this... the goal is set low, will it... make people slack off? "

Zhu Yuan nodded: "Well, this is also a problem."

Old Zhu: "..."

Lao Li: "..."

Kang Maocai: "..."

Everyone else: "..."

This... the truth is all on your side, right?
Sensing the gazes of the people around him, Zhu Yuan quickly said: "It is said that there must be a brave man under a great reward". If you want to avoid slack, the next step is to look at the reward mechanism. Why is the Mingzhou Yinghai Division short for one year? Time can make so many achievements, and many of them are inseparable from the reward mechanism, from real estate to money, to children's schooling. These... We can study and copy it to the field related later. After all, the next The farmland must be divided into many teams, and we can also make some 'competitive mechanisms'."

Old Zhu answered the question with great interest: "Competitive mechanism?"

"It's still 'under heavy rewards there must be a brave man'," Zhu Yuan looked at his ancestors: "Next, just like striving for higher scores in the imperial examination, when it comes to farming, which team cultivates more fields, my suggestion Yes, there must be rewards, or honorary rewards, such as model workers, or actual rewards, such as money, food, and even the future distribution of land, you can also get more."

Lao Zhu immediately understood: "This is what should be done."

At the same time, I also thought of economics.

These rewards have all fallen to the bottom, which is a kind of 'distribution', forming the foundation of Ming Dynasty.

How good!

Zhu Yuan glanced at the people in the conference room again: "The specific reward mechanism will be discussed after the implementation of the farm."

After Zhu Yuan's words fell, Fu Yu, Shangshu of the Ministry of War, said again at this time: "Pingzhang, if I remember correctly, this reclaimed land... will first be distributed to many soldiers in the future. The first issue of "Daming Monthly" Did you mention this clearly?"

"Of course," Zhu Yuan said, "this matter will not change, and the soldiers must be given priority. However, for ordinary soldiers and villagers, I believe that given the vastness of the Ming Dynasty, there will be land for them in the future. You know, not to mention other remote areas, but around Jinling, there are actually many hilly areas, in my opinion, they can be reclaimed into land."

As soon as Zhu Yuan said this, no one spoke to him for a while.

Lao Zhu cooperated and said, "Yuan'er, tell me why?"

"A tyrannical government is fiercer than a tiger," Zhu Yuan said bluntly this time without waiting for anyone to refute, "You don't need to deny it, and the matter didn't start from now, all dynasties and dynasties have always been Such a question. In my opinion, the potential of our Ming Dynasty’s arable land can be increased several times on the current basis, but...why no one is willing to cultivate so much land that can obviously be reclaimed? Because, once cultivated, All kinds of taxes and taxes came one after another, and the people couldn't bear the burden, and they would rather abandon the farmland and become long-term laborers for tenants than become self-cultivated farmers."

What Zhu Yuan couldn't say was that this matter was especially serious in the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Yuan didn't remember the exact figures clearly, but he knew that when the Ming Dynasty was founded, the arable land area reached a relatively peak state during the Hongwu Dynasty.

Then, a strange phenomenon appeared.

With the development of the Ming Dynasty, the country became more and more stable and the economy grew more and more. However, both the land and the population experienced a strange decrease, and it was a considerable decrease.

The approximate data dropped from the peak level of 8 million mu in the Hongwu Dynasty to 4 million mu which was directly halved later.

The same goes for the population.

The land will not evaporate, and there will be no large-scale wars, so why reduce it?

Answer……

Those who know a little about the history of the Ming Dynasty basically know it.

However, there must be one of them: abandoning the farm!
Because the taxes and corvee were too heavy, the people couldn't bear it, and they would rather serve as slaves to rich families than to be free people.If they become slaves or servants, or simply become black households and flee from households, the number of people registered by the Ming court will naturally decrease sharply.

Zhu Yuan's summary.

In the Ming Dynasty, economic development can be described as the peak of the feudal era. In terms of steel output, 9000 million catties was far higher than the 2000 million catties in the Song Dynasty, and even higher than the Qing Dynasty, which was not affected by the industrial age before the Opium War. double.However, the Ming Dynasty did not lack any of the various disadvantages of the feudal era.

Because economic thinking is still trapped in the agricultural age after all.

As for others, the ideas and systems that were habitually criticized by some people later... just say one, the most powerful country a few hundred years later, a state that completely abolished slavery at the latest, called Mississippi, time, It was 2013.

Losers are wrong.

However, the loser...may just be unlucky in the long history of accidents.

conference room.

In fact, Lao Zhu also understood this. After listening to his precious 23rd generation grandson, he asked, "These... I also understand, but how do I do it?"

Zhu Yuandao: "My lord, the answer just happened to say that while making legislation, it is necessary to achieve 'the law must be enforced and the action must be effective'. For example, the imperial court has always encouraged farming, and the newly reclaimed land is regulated It means that all money and food will be exempted within three years. However, the reality is that local governments are often eager for quick success. Seeing that the people have reclaimed the land, they can't wait to collect various taxes. "

The memory of this incident comes from Fang Keqin.

The famous Fang Xiaoru's father.

When Fang Keqin was in charge of Jining, Shandong, he discovered a similar problem. What the prefect of Jining did was only eight words, 'the law must be followed, and the action must be effective', and then the situation improved.

This matter sounds easy, but it is really not easy to do it.

Just like Zhu Yuan also knows that many of the things he is doing sound easy and the reason is very simple, but it is absolutely complicated to implement them.

This is why he just emphasized the matter of 'execution'.

Lao Zhu climbed up from the bottom and has seen everything, so he also understands how difficult it is to achieve the eight words "the law must be practiced, and the practice must be effective".Shaking his head slightly, he suddenly realized: "This... farming is more straightforward."

Zhu Yuan followed with a smile: "Yes, my ancestors, the biggest advantage of the official organization of farming is that it simplifies complicated things. People will encounter all kinds of troubles when they cultivate alone. However, the imperial court takes the lead in reclaiming the land. There will never be local officials coming to collect taxes in advance, or other messy things. Therefore, things are simpler, and it is also easier to carry out. When we reclaim large tracts of land and distribute them to the people, After completing a large-scale distribution, by then, many things will have matured, and the people will have obtained mature fields, or subsidies for various means of production, plus various clear laws and regulations, so they will no longer resist taxation .”

Old Zhu couldn't help but nodded.

Yang Siyi, Minister of the Household Department, also spoke at this time: "Pingzhang, the lower officials are also considering this matter. This... the land has been reclaimed, and it can't be planted all the time. Why should it be distributed?"

Zhu Yuan looked over, and the answer was straightforward: "In order to stimulate higher productivity."

Qian Yongren, Minister of the Ministry of Rites, added in a strange way: "Those who have permanent property have perseverance."

Zhu Yuan nodded: "Master Qian's words are true."

Yang Siyi also understood, and nodded accordingly, without any doubts.

Lao Zhu waited for everyone to say a few words before he said: "Since that's the case, this is one item of farming, but there are other problems?"

No one spoke again.

Lao Zhu signaled to continue.

The third: Xiushi.

This matter is very important. Zhu Yuan had already said it at a previous discussion meeting on the 'Three-Year Plan', and this time, he didn't bother to talk too much.

Probably Lee Sun Jang is in charge.

At the same time, in three years, only the first draft of "Yuan History" was completed. In the future, after Mobei was captured, or even went west, certain supplements would be made.

Just for a good name.

So, then...

Fourth: steel and coal.

The core of this matter is the 'Daming Iron and Steel Group' and the 'Daming Coal Group', which are closely related to the Jianghuai Canal and are also closely related to Tuntian.

The Jianghuai Canal is the carrier.

Tuntian... will consume a large amount of steel produced in the early stage.This is also the previously agreed, 'subsidy' policy.

Also set goals.

Let’s talk about coal first. In the next three years, it is planned to mine 5000 million catties of coal.

That's right.

It is not 5000 million tons, but 5000 million jin. According to the new conversion standard given by Zhu Yuan that 1000 jin equals 1 ton, that is 5 tons in three years.

This number may seem large, but it is not high at all.

In addition to the consideration of a good start to ensure that the goal can be achieved, there is another point, which is similar to the policy of the Yinghai Division. Fishing must be cautious and avoid fishing out of the marsh. Coal mining should also be cautious to avoid destructive mining, which will cause huge waste.

Besides steel, the goal for the next three years is 1000 million catties.

This is only half of the peak of the Song Dynasty, but it is also higher than the annual output of 500 million catties left by the Yuan Dynasty.

The iron and steel output of the Yuan Dynasty was about 800 million catties at its peak, but actually... maybe more, because of the extensive management of the Yuan Dynasty, although it was stipulated that steel should be government-run, compared to the Tang and Song dynasties that allowed private-run operations, it can be said to be tightened, but... The problem is that the executive power of the Yuan Dynasty was not as good as that of the Tang and Song Dynasties, so it was impossible to prohibit the private smelting of iron by the people.

Zhu Yuan knew one.

Zhangzhou Ancient House.

Gu Zhongren mentioned before that the Gu family has an iron smelting business.

The problem is, according to the Yuan Dynasty decree, this is not allowed.

Why did the Gu Family exist?

Of course it is private refining.

Let's talk about steel production targets.

This was also discussed before.

At the beginning, Zhu Yuan hoped to reach the level of 1000 million catties in the next three years, and it is best to sprint to 2000 million catties, which is the peak of Song Dynasty.

However, the latter half was not officially included.

In writing, only 1000 million catties were set.

Or to leave room for surprises in the future.

Regarding steel and coal, no one has any opinions. As mentioned earlier, the increase in steel production in the short term may cause hoarding and decay. The problem has also been solved. Subsidies for farmland and farmers are finally transformed into productivity.

And then.

Fifth: population and land registration.

Zhu Yuan has already tried this in Mingzhou, and Shandong has also started land registration according to the new standards given by Zhu Yuan.

However, in Zhu Yuan's view, the registration of population and land is a basic national policy that needs to be repeated over a long period of time.

At the beginning of the founding of the country, Lao Zhu actually did a very good job, but his descendants did not make good use of the weapon of Houhu Yellow Book Library.

This time, of course, make good use of it.

how to use?
This also involves Zhu Yuan's economics, about allocation, 'resource allocation at the regional level', which includes 'human resources'.

The rational deployment of human resources can not only improve production, but also promote distribution.

After a brief chat, Yang Xian, Minister of the Ministry of Officials, said this time: "My lord, the population registration is still nothing, this land registration... I only feel that the northern regions have just been recovered, and I am afraid that the local authorities will take advantage of it The situation is not stable and the records are unclear, and the land that should have been owned by the government or others has been embezzled as a private person."

When Yang Xian said this, several people in the conference room could not help but look at Li Shanchang.

The team that has launched the land registration in Shandong is sent by Li Shanchang. Moreover, even Lao Zhu must be clear about the problems in the land registration.

Yang Xian said so...

Xiang Zhuang's sword dance is aimed at Pei Gong!

Lao Zhu didn't subconsciously look at his precious 23rd grandson this time.

This issue was discussed in private.

No great solution.

However, Zhu Yuan also gave an idea. In the future... Daming will definitely gradually implement the per-acre tax, that is to say, exempt the poll tax and charge directly according to the land area. Whoever has more land will pay more tax.

Well, the wealthy households who occupy more land now will definitely have to pay more taxes in the future.

If tax evasion is avoided by means of concealment, it can also be solved.

Hidden land, that must not be yours.

There is no official.

Of course, there is another prerequisite for this matter, which is to achieve "gentleman and gentry paying food as a whole", um, even the royal family will have to pay food in the future.

No one can escape, without so many gray areas, it will be easier to solve things.

At the moment, Lao Zhu did not explain this, but put away his expression, and said in a stern tone: "This registration does not mean that the court has fully recognized it. In the future, it will still be checked carefully and repeatedly. If wanton embezzlement is found, necessary He will be dealt with severely, and the handling officer will not be spared."

When Lao Zhu said this, Li Shanchang couldn't help but squinted his eyes and lowered his head slightly.

Yang Xian nodded in agreement and didn't say any more.

So, after a brief chat, this item was finalized and the topic came to the end.

Sixth: Education.

This mainly includes two things. One is to set up schools at various levels such as small, medium and large schools throughout Daming, and the other is to compile corresponding teaching materials in the order of primary schools, middle schools, and universities.

To sum it up, there are two: running schools and compiling books.

In terms of running schools, in the next three years, local schools will mainly be primary schools and middle schools, and universities will still be concentrated in the capital area for the time being.

The only exception at present is the Mingzhou Maritime Academy.

Regarding the matter of 'running a school', there have been many discussions in advance. Not only that, there are also corresponding references for reference in the past dynasties.

The problem is 'book making'.

Four years of elementary school, four years of middle school, and four years of university, each year must have corresponding textbooks, and this time, it will definitely not be limited to Confucian textbooks.

Many Chinese cultural classics that have been passed down for thousands of years, whether they are Taoism or Legalism, etc., can all be involved.

And, this is just the liberal arts.

In terms of science, although in Lao Zhu's opinion, many of the knowledge given by Zhu Yuan are not suitable for widespread dissemination, but it is definitely impossible not to cultivate students' interest early.

At least one of mathematics is compulsory.

Others, such as physical chemistry and biology, also need a preliminary understanding.

After the general classification, let's talk about the specific courses.

Zhu Yuan intends to refer to the past, Chinese, mathematics, English... well, not this time, plus, relatively leisure content such as physics, chemistry, biology, politics, history and geography, as well as sports and music.

Ok.

And fine arts.

Of course this will not be forgotten.

Before the invention of the camera, painting was the most intuitive way for a person to see the mountains and rivers thousands of miles away.

What's more, there are practical and extensive applications in surveying and mapping, cartography and other aspects.

As for...

Detached from the textbook, of course, there are various considerations.

For example, foster national awareness.

Traditionally, for a large family on this land that can last for hundreds of years, the family must be greater than the country.As for ordinary people, they don't have a strong national concept.

I don't know there is Han, regardless of Wei and Jin.

This is not something that only happens in Taohuayuan.

Everyone is just alive.

What dynasty is it now, who is the emperor...it doesn't really matter that much.

This is like the Kong family that people often ridicule later.

Weeds?
Can……

If this is the case, why have so many scholars respected Confucius and Confucianism throughout the dynasties?

To put it bluntly, in different eras, certain concepts in the bones are different.

Hundreds of years later, in the subconscious mind of most people, the priority of the country is the highest, so by analogy, I feel that in ancient times, every time the dynasty changed, the Confucius family would turn to become ministers... It is not righteous.

However, in this era, in fact, it is normal for Confucianism to change dynasties. Confucianism, and even the world, and many clans, instead put themselves above the concept of the country.

The emperor can be changed, but Confucianism is not.

As for the matter of becoming a minister, if you read the history carefully, you will find that every time the dynasty changes, the Kong family is not as active as people imagined later. On the contrary, the new court is more active, with all kinds of threats and temptations.

Even the Yuan Dynasty, which clearly suppressed Confucianism, had to take the initiative to elevate Confucius' status again, and further conferred Confucius the title of 'Dacheng Zhisheng Wenxuan King'.

In the Song Dynasty, Confucius was only the 'Sage King Wenxuan'.

To some extent, this is like the relationship between the Holy See and the country in the West. If a Western king wants to ascend the throne, he needs the Holy See to be crowned.

In this land of China, the dynasties have changed. If you want to confirm your orthodoxy, you need to be recognized by Confucianism. The Kong family... is the symbol of Confucianism.

They have existed for thousands of years, and subconsciously they think that they are superior to the flowing court. As for being a minister, this is not your recognition of me, but my Confucian recognition of you.

After all, in a few hundred years, you will be gone, and there is a high probability that I will still be there.

It's that simple.

Zhu Yuan wants to create a flourishing age unseen in a thousand years, and some traditional concepts need to be changed.

First of all, the 'country' should be placed in front of the 'home'.

In fact, many scholars have already sorted in this way in their hearts.

The problem is that the 'country' in their hearts is not a certain court, but this land, and the people on this land.

This is the world!

This is why later Gu Yanwu put forward two different concepts of "subjugation of the country" and "subjugation of the world".

Ordinary change of dynasty is just 'subjugation'.

The Ming Dynasty collapsed and the Manchu Qing ruled the Central Plains. From Gu Yanwu's point of view, it meant 'the death of the world'.

Of course, the facts proved that Gu Yanwu was too pessimistic. The vitality of Chinese civilization was strong enough to successfully complete the assimilation once again.

China is still there.

Zhu Yuan is also a pessimist. Although he boasted of "sending 500 years of Guozuo" and said that he would "create a prosperous age unseen in a thousand years", he was here for only a few decades.

Who knows what will happen thousands of years later?
Old Zhu once thought that he had already arranged everything that could be arranged, but he had just passed away for a year, and his son and grandson started fighting.If it weren't for the strong foundation left by Lao Zhu, and the two uncles and nephews have been arguing for several years, it's hard to say whether Daming would have been tossed away.

Zhu Yuan's solution this time is to leave more possibilities.

Another Great Qin, Great Chu, Great Jin or Great Yan...

On the other hand, even if you are a pessimist in your heart, what should be done will still be done after all.It's like life is meaningless in the end, but too many people are still working hard to live.

Always to do.

In the conference room, regarding the last item, especially the compilation of teaching materials, although everyone has their own ideas, and each family has their own ideas, at present, no one objects.

It's a good thing after all.

Things were quickly settled.

After going through all the six major projects, and the time was approaching noon, after confirming that there were no other objections from the crowd, Lao Zhu decided that the next issue of "Daming Monthly" would be announced to the world.

(End of this chapter)