national surname chiming

Chapter 510 Science and education are not about sharing spoils, we need to seek truth from facts

Seven years of Xiaokang, the third day of November.

Nanjing Forbidden City, Qianqing Palace.

This is the third day after the release of the math and science exam results, and it is also the first court meeting after the release of the results.

Emperor Zhu Ciyu was naturally very eager to know how his new and good governance left the scholars in the world, and how many people appreciated his kindness.

Needless to mention the other routine topics at the court meeting, Zhu Ciyu didn't have much interest today, so the topic soon turned to the scientific examination.

Zhu Ciyu took the opportunity to ask Gu Yanwu, Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites: "Gu Qing, it's been three days since Nanjing University recruited candidates for admission. What's the response from the private candidates? Are the pilot candidates actively preparing for admission?"

Gu Yanwu hurriedly went out to play back: "Your Majesty, the discipline of this examination is very strict, the rules and regulations have been cleaned up, and all the scholars who are applying for the examination can respond gracefully and gracefully.

There were 290 people who registered for reference, and 300 people actually took the exam and handed in the paper.After the list is made, [-] people should be recorded. Because there are many people with the same score at the end of the list, [-] people were actually recorded.

Because the rankings on the admission list have points, the high and low are clearly distinguished.For those who have doubts about the test scores, after paying the notarization and handling fees, they can also check the details of the original score deduction, so everyone is convinced about the deduction of points.Shihlin all took this scientific examination, which was the fairest of all previous examinations in the country. "

When it was Gu Yanwu's turn to report, he emphasized how fair the exam was from the very beginning, and the scoring standards were unparalleled in ancient and modern times.

Even when the examination papers are graded, although the names are still required, it is not necessary for people to copy the papers like normal liberal arts imperial examinations, but the original papers can be corrected directly after the names are pasted.

This is also to reduce errors and omissions of details during the transcription process.Because of the pure text papers, no one will deliberately make mistakes when copying, and the meaning of copying mistakes is not great, and there will be flaws directly due to incomprehension.

As for the test papers of science and engineering, there are many numbers and symbols, and it will be very troublesome to copy a little wrongly.Although you can check and check repeatedly, since it is clear at a glance whether the math problem is right or wrong, and the correction cannot be faked, there is no need to copy it.

So what if the marking officer recognizes the handwriting of a candidate with a background?

Could it be that just because the examinee is the son of the chief minister of the cabinet, the examiner dares to correct the math questions that he answered wrongly?
Mathematics and physics are right and wrong, and they can’t be faked. If the king of heaven and my father are wrong, they are also wrong.

On the other hand, it is also because some topics involve geometric and physical drawing, and the drawing technique, precision and other details may be lost after copying, so it is better to use the original volume to revise.

China has had imperial examinations since Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty. It has been decades since Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty. It has never been able to solve the problem of "absolutely fair judgment without copying". Now the Ming Dynasty has solved it.
Isn't this an achievement worth bragging about?No wonder Gu Yanwu was so proud of it.

After Zhu Ciyu heard this, he also nodded frequently in approval.

However, no new deal will please everyone.Just when Zhu Ciyu was quite excited, someone from the censor's team next to him came out to give a speech, and based on what they had heard about the will of the people, he spoke uprightly and pointed out the evils of the time:
"Your Majesty, my minister, Wang Shizhen, has heard that although the exam is said to be fair, there are still scholars from several provinces complaining about the result. The day before yesterday, outside the Tribute Academy, dozens of candidates from Henan and Shandong criticized, claiming that this time there were [-] candidates. For those on the list, only about [-] people from the northern provinces were admitted. The injustice between the north and the south attracted hundreds of candidates to watch.

When I thought of Taizu, there was a dispute between the North and the South.For many years since my Ming Dynasty, I have also known the north-south rankings to reassure people's hearts.It may not be a safe way to deal with this incident, only Your Majesty can observe it. "

Zhu Ciyu and Gu Yanwu were in a good mood at first, but they were both a little unhappy when they were told by the censor.

This Wang Shizhen is from Xincheng, Henan. He was a Jinshi in the middle school six years ago, and now he is an ordinary censor in Yushitai.Perhaps because of his background, he naturally wants to fight for some benefits for the fellow villagers in Henan, which is also human nature.

In the Ming Dynasty, there were separate rankings for the liberal arts in the north and the south, so there was no need to share the same places as those in the southern regions with developed education. Now that there is no ranking, they miss Zhu Yuanzhang's testimonials very much.

Zhu Ciyu didn't think much about this question at first, so he directly asked Gu Yanwu how to deal with it, the current system design, what is the principle, and whether it is reasonable.

Gu Yanwu took a deep breath and replied firmly: "Your Majesty, I believe that what Wang Shizhen said was a big misunderstanding of the original intention of Taizu's north-south division of the list! When Taizu was emperor, there was a north-south case, but at that time It's not wrong to use the list to reassure people's hearts.

Just because there is no first in literature and no second in martial arts, it is difficult to make a fair judgment on whether an article is good or bad.Even if the examiners at the time felt that the top dozens of articles were indeed excellent, it is difficult to rule out that the ideas and political opinions of these dozens of articles coincided with those in power and graders at the time.And once a certain faction has grasped the power of discussing politics and interpreting the scriptures, it is indeed inevitable to form a school of thought from then on.

Therefore, Taizu's division of the northern and southern rankings should not be regarded as a benefit to the northerners, but only to allow people to divide their positions and express their own opinions, without sticking to pleasing the opinions of one faction in power.If the southerners were in power at that time, the northerners would not cater to their political views in their articles, and the southerners who were in power would have to accept it.

But now the content of the new subject is mathematics and science, right is right, wrong is wrong, and the judgment papers are lenient and strict, there is no room for fraud.Therefore, admission according to points is more fair to the world.Otherwise, some provinces can only be admitted for [-] or [-] cents, and others can only be admitted for [-] cents. How will the people of the world think about it? "

Zhu Ciyu stroked the sparse beard, and it really made sense after thinking about it.In the previous liberal arts imperial examinations, the most important point was that only rankings were used, and no specific scores were required.So the north and south rankings are ranked separately, and others can't say it's unfair.

But now it is an objective question. How much each person on the list has taken is accurate to the point. A person with a score of 130 is not admitted, but a person with a score of 110 is admitted. It will indeed impact people's three views.

After all, they were still from the Ming Dynasty and had no traversers. I don't know that future generations will gradually understand this situation where the score lines of various provinces are greatly different.In Gu Yanwu's eyes, papers with clear scores should be done in a business-like manner, and should not be used to transfer benefits.

Zhu Ciyu felt that both parties had a point of reason, and for a while let the officials speak freely and evaluate the pros and cons.Everyone had different opinions, and it was difficult to conclude for a while, so Zhu Ciyu had to announce the dissolution of the court and discuss it at another day.

……

After the dynasty was over, Zhu Ciyu returned to the Wenhua Palace and asked the eunuchs to invite his father, and also invited Zhang Huangyan, Gu Yanwu and others to discuss the matter behind closed doors.

Since Zhu Ciyu toured the capital south, the proportion of pro-government has been getting higher and higher. Zhu Shuren didn't want to be too tired, so he completely left the daily court meeting to his son, and he himself did not go to court for a long time.

After all, in the court meeting, facing hundreds of officials, even if a son gave his father a seat, or even allowed him to sit sideways on the steps above his majesty, it would still be quite awkward.No matter how high the courtesy is, it does not conform to the court's laws, and no matter how low the courtesy is, it violates the filial piety of father and son. In this case, it is better not to go to court.

Anyway, Zhu Shuren didn't go to court, which didn't mean he didn't participate in politics at all.He just completely abandoned the red tape and etiquette work, and he completely ignored the daily trivial matters.However, there are still people who come to ask for advice and discuss and make decisions on major policies that are major issues of right and wrong.

Zhu Ciyu also respected the senior cabinet ministers very much. Every time he asked his father, if Zhang Huangyan, Shi Kefa and others were invited at the same time, they would also be given seats at the same time.

After everyone was seated, Zhu Ciyu signaled Gu Yanwu to relay the sentiments reflected by the censors at today's court meeting, and asked his father to make up his mind.

Zhu Shuren thought about it carefully, and said politely: "I thought that the government cannot be changed overnight. Although Nanjing University adopts a method similar to the scientific examination, it is not an imperial examination after all.

Those who enter school do not mean that they can become officials. They have to study hard for several years and pass the exam after graduation.Even if they can become officials in the future, the original intention of the court to cultivate these talents is not only to let them become officials, but also to set aside a part for research.

That being the case, it is natural to select people who are dedicated to learning and willing to do research.It’s not that the imperial court is winning people’s hearts and imprisoning people with ideals. What scientific research needs is to seek truth from facts. The current law can not be changed for five years, or even ten years. "

With Zhu Shuren's status, he dared to say such things in front of the emperor in private, and openly described the old-style liberal arts imperial examination as a kind of "power distribution".

Anyway, the things read from the Four Books and Five Classics are of no practical use for governing the country. We just need to give everyone an explanation, let everyone have a channel to vent their excess energy, and stop thinking about it.

But new learning requires practical talents, and what you learn must be practical. How can it be mixed with mud?

Zhu Ciyu pondered for a while, and felt suddenly enlightened. Sure enough, he still had to stand firm and not engage in science, technology, culture and education with the mentality of dividing the spoils.

He continued to humbly ask for advice: "What about five or ten years later? So what?"

Zhu Shuren took a sip of tea and said, "The way of science and education is to seek truth from facts first, and to take into account fairness. In the future, we can allocate admission quotas in proportion to the number of taxpayers, military service, and corvee service in each province.

However, these measures can only be implemented after the court's scientific and educational undertakings have established some foundations.At that time, the number of teachers will be sufficient, and the number of students admitted to Nanjing University can also increase each year, and then the admission will be moderate and the exit will be strict.

Enrollment is based on provinces when enrolling, giving more learning opportunities to students in areas where educational resources are scarce and who are interested in science.However, if after three to five years of study, you are still unwilling to make progress, cannot make up for the gap when you entered school, and still fail the graduation exam, then you will have no one to blame.

At that time, for those who are not solid enough in their studies, they can be sent back to their hometowns to serve as grassroots mathematics and science teachers.For example, in addition to the teaching and instruction of the current principals in various prefectures and counties, there are also deputies who are in charge of the teaching affairs of mathematics, science, and biochemistry in a county.Only when the talent base is large can we fundamentally solve the problem that it is difficult to produce talents in backward provinces. "

As soon as Zhu Shuren said this, not only the little emperor suddenly became enlightened, but even Zhang Huangyan and Gu Yanwu felt that they were far-sighted.

Indeed, science education has just started, and the first thing we must pursue is to select the best and most suitable talents for science and education, and concentrate our efforts to expand the basic base.

As for fairness, that's a matter of the future. If there are not enough basic mathematics and science education talents everywhere, even if fairness is taken into account, the ones selected will be crooked.For the sake of superficial fairness, if the development of Daming's science and education work is slowed down by ten or twenty years, then the gain outweighs the gain.

The initial stage of anything requires an iron fist.What Zhu Yuanzhang inherited was a system that had been in use for 800 years at that time, but Zhu Shuren is starting a new one now, can the nature be the same?

……

Zhu Shuren's formulation eventually went through a series of twists and turns, and after completing the process, it became the official opinion of the imperial court.

The imperial court announced that no modification would be considered for at least five years.Because what is most needed right now is to expand the number of mathematics and science talents in Daming as soon as possible, and to educate more practical talents with limited resources. Now is not the time to divide the spoils.

In the future, according to the discretion of every 20 households with poll tax or land tax taxpayers, one quota for admission to Nantah University can be given, and the admission can be divided into provinces.

In this way, there is no need to look at the actual population of each province to determine the quota, because with the implementation of the separation of workers and peasants in Ming Dynasty, the population will already flow, especially the industrial population.If the census is carried out once in a long time as before, and then the number is determined to be recorded, it will not be enough to reflect the actual flow of the population.

However, considering that the bitter cold frontier is also meaningful to the imperial court, it is possible to give preferential treatment to the military service population and corvee population in the new examination.

Therefore, if each province has a garrison of 2 troops, one more admission quota will be added, and the children of soldiers who serve in the army can take the exam nearby.Those with a corvee population of 5 or more, that is, the "National Engineers" who will engage in infrastructure construction for a long time in the future, can also add a quota to the local province, and children of conscripts can also take exams nearby.

In this way, both national defense and infrastructure are taken into account, and the population of soldiers and conscripts is equal to ten workers and peasants or four workers and peasants respectively, which is enough to tilt to the opposite side.But after enrolling, whether you can graduate in the future still has to be done in a business-like manner.If you can't pass the graduation exam, you still have to go back to your hometown to teach mathematics.

After the imperial court's explanation spread among the people, the voice of resistance naturally had to be quieter. After all, the imperial court has stated that this thing is different from the imperial examination. Entering Nanjing University does not mean that you will be rich, and you will die if you don't study well.

As for those who still have to chew their tongues and do things under such circumstances, the court will naturally not be polite.The imperial court will not sin people because of words, but it will not be polite to those who spread rumors and slander the government.Once found to have spread rumors, Jin Yiwei can immediately arrest people and get rid of their reputations.

After such a combination of kindness and power, the new school's admission method was finally temporarily accepted by the world.After more than a month of running-in, the imperial court released another piece of good news at the end of the year.

That is, after a few years, when the number of Nantah graduates gradually increases, provinces will be allowed to run their own universities, and talents from Nantah graduates and researchers can be hired to teach in the localities.

Although the universities in the province cannot guarantee that they will wait in line to be awarded officials after graduation, they can solve the shortage of talents in factories, mines and research institutes by themselves.Moreover, if schools are established in the provinces, the chief ministers and academic officials of each province have the right to set their own admission standards. Whether to favor students from the province is their own business, and the imperial court will not interfere.

The imperial court is only responsible for reviewing the qualifications of running schools and whether the teachers are qualified.

In this way, if you want more people to study mathematics, physics and chemistry, you don’t have to come to Nanjing together. As long as you don’t ask to be “assigned to be an official”, you can study in your own province in the future.

After opening this hole, there is nothing to contend with in various places. Anyway, the imperial court decides how to spend the money of the imperial court.

(End of this chapter)