national surname chiming

Chapter 413 Some American crops are harmful to health

September is golden autumn, the sky is high and the air is crisp.The joy of the harvest also inspired the spirits of the Nanjing court, and they were full of confidence in the fate of the Ming Dynasty.

The bad days are finally over, and it should get better and better in the future.

In the Forbidden City, after a year of repairs and repairs, several more palaces were restored to the palace left by Zhu Yuanzhang, which is full of high spirits.

For example, during the enthronement ceremony last year, only a few halls such as the Qianqing Palace could be used in the harem. When the Yuan Dynasty was changed at the beginning of this year, the Kunning Palace was also repaired, and now in September, even the Spring Harmony Palace has also been repaired.

Princess Zhu Yuchan, who has been pregnant for six months, and accompanied by her husband Zhu Shuren who occasionally returns to Nanjing, visited the newly built Spring Palace Garden from the Princess Mansion where she usually lives with great interest.

After the princesses of the Ming Dynasty got married, of course they would no longer live in the imperial palace as a rule, so Zhu Yuchan's original residence in Nanjing was a mansion located outside the east wall of the palace city, not too far from the originally abandoned Spring Harmony Palace.

The Spring Harmony Palace was abandoned more than 200 years ago, because only Zhu Biao and Zhu Yunqi lived here. When Zhu Yunqi died, he set a fire and died together with his wife and eldest son.

After Zhu Di usurped the throne, he would move his capital to the north. How could it be possible to rebuild the place where Zhu Yunqi lived and burned it? Zhu Gaochi also felt that this place was unlucky when he lived in Nanjing for a few years, so he would rather live in another location.So until the time of Chongzhen, Chunhe Palace still retained the posture of a pile of burnt ashes, and nothing changed.

But now, the Chunhe Palace was rebuilt under special circumstances.Zhu Yuchan knew in her heart that this might be needed when she was about to give birth, so it would be convenient for the imperial physician in the palace to see her.

If it turns out to be a son, she may have to live back in the palace to take care of the baby after going through the adoption procedures.In ancient times, there were no chemical paints or formaldehyde, and the walls were painted with natural fragrances. It was no problem for people to live in it just half a year after it was built.

Early this morning, Zhu Shuren and his wife walked around the Chunhe Palace. Zhu Yuchan also broke out in a little sweat. She sat down in the imperial garden under the service of the maid. The maid served lunch for the prince and princess to enjoy .

While eating, Zhu Shuren mentioned that he would be busy with some major state affairs in the past two days, and that he would go to Jiangning Town outside the city to call a meeting with his confidants and generals.

Zhu Yuchan was used to her husband running around in the past few months, so she didn't stop her. She just said with a little pique: "Since I'm not going to inspect factories, mines and armaments, I'm just calling the generals to discuss matters. It's fine to call them to the city to discuss. Why bother?" go out."

Zhu Shuren patiently explained: "The content of the discussion this time is quite complicated, perhaps including how to reform Yunnan and Guizhou in the next few years, and also including recovering the officials who were invaded by the Hongmaoyi.

These are hot and smoggy places in the extreme south, and soldiers can only be used in cold winter when it is relatively cool.Moreover, it is necessary to see whether the generals' bodies have adapted to the intense heat in the south and whether they will have fever.

Coincidentally, in the past few months, several research institutes have been established in Jiangning Town alone. At first, they only studied magnetism. They all dabbled in it, and they spent money to set up several research institutes.

For the convenience of research, a garden was built in Jiangning Town. There are rare animals, exotic flowers and plants collected overseas from north, south, east, west, and four oceans. Mica crystals were used to build a greenhouse for storage for research.It is also convenient to go there for a meeting to see who among the generals has adapted to the hot environment of Nanyang and is not afraid of insects, flowers and plants in Nanyang. "

It took Zhu Shuren a lot of effort to explain to his wife what he had done with the resources he had spent on the pile of new research institutes in Jiangning Town in the past few months.

But if there are future generations who read the official, they will definitely be able to understand it in seconds: Isn't it just to engage in scientific research and turn on natural history, so it is necessary to build the first systematic zoo and botanical garden on earth.

The benefits of species calling in the era of great voyages have long been understood by the people of insight in the Ming court. After all, Zhu Shuren has been promoting corn and potatoes for five or six years, and tomato and pepper are also strongly promoted.

In terms of animal resources, the tilapia with less spines and more meat that is easy to grow is commonly bred in southern water towns, as well as white-feathered chickens bred by crossbreeding from India, and large white pigs from outside. There are countless living people.

After completing the Magnetism Institute in Jiangning Town in the summer, Zhu Shuren worked tirelessly to complete the natural history and breeding bases needed for agriculture, animal husbandry and medicine, and spent a few 10 taels of silver. team.

It's just that many people don't understand that he collects rare flowers, plants, rare birds and animals in the South Seas, East Oceans and Western Regions, especially many beasts consume a considerable amount of meat every day.In this famine year, meat is extremely precious.

So there was a book in the imperial history to advise, saying that in the autumn of national calamity, one should be frugal and not engage in lewd and extravagant acts like the "Leopard House" of Emperor Zhengde.

How do these rotten scholars know that these are only a small number of samples raised for scientific research and breeding of improved species, not for fun and enjoyment.

In the end, some officials came forward to clarify: the state treasury did not spend a single penny on this matter, the Shen family donated their private property out of their own pocket, and it was only open to scientific researchers, so those censors had to shut up.

After all, it's none of Yu Shiniao's business how people spend their own family's money?
Historically, it was not until 1826 and 1828 in the West that Stanford Raffles donated his private collection before his death in England, and successively established the "London Natural Society" and "London Zoo".Since then, Darwin's scientific research has also benefited from the donation and construction of Stanford Raffles.

In China, historically, two years before the death of Empress Dowager Cixi in the late Qing Dynasty, the "Agricultural Experimental Field" was established in 1906 and the "Wansheng Garden" was established in 1907, which are the earliest animal and plant breeding research institutions and animal and botanical gardens in China.It is exactly 80 years later than the West.

Of course, hundreds of years before this, there must have been rare birds, animals, exotic flowers and grass gardens that were privately kept by nobles, but they were not used for scientific research purposes, and they were not open to the public. They were purely for private enjoyment, like a leopard house.

Zhu Shuren's management of various research institutes in Jiangning this time, and the grass and rabbits, can be regarded as allowing the East to refresh this record by 260 years, surpassing the West by 180 years——

If the development in this area is not affected by the butterfly effect.In fact, it is more likely that in seven or eighty years, the European powers such as Britain, France and the Netherlands will imitate this kind of "civilized good deed" back to Europe.

……

Zhu Yuchan heard that her husband insisted on going outside the city to convene the generals for a meeting because there were rare birds, animals, exotic flowers and plants to see. She, who had been depressed for a few months, was of course eager to try, so she asked to bring her along. go.

When Zhu Shuren heard it, his subconscious reaction still felt that his wife was messing around: "How can this be done? Madam is six months pregnant, so she should rest."

Zhu Yuchan pursed her lips and didn't say a word: "It's still resting! I've gained nearly [-] catties in the past six months! It was so hot before that I couldn't bear to go out, but now it's finally cool in late autumn. Of course I have to take the opportunity to walk more. Soon It was so cold in winter that I couldn't go out again.

Besides, the imperial doctor has already said that you need to rest for the first three or four months of pregnancy, and you have to take care of it after the eighth month. During the middle six or seven months, it is good to move around slowly! "

Zhu Shuren was speechless, thinking to himself, can this be the case?It weighs more than ten catties, at least half of it is the weight of the placenta plus the amniotic fluid in the stomach. In fact, he has gained seven or eight catties at most, and he didn't dislike his wife.

But after thinking about it, after six months, I can take a breather and go out to change my mood, which may be good for growth.So he made three chapters with his wife:

"It's okay to go out, but the wheels of the car have to be wrapped with gum tree sap obtained by the Hongyi people. It's more than 70 miles to Jiangning Town, so it can't be bumpy.

Also, when you come to a place where there are exotic flowers and plants from the South Seas and the West, you are not allowed to look closely, you can only look through the crystal mica window, and you are not allowed to get close to rare birds and animals, just use a telescope to look at them. "

What Zhu Shuren is worried about is that species he has never been in contact with will cause allergies or spread some bacteria.

For these two requests, Zhu Yuchan readily agreed. As for Zhu Shuren's request to use rubber juice to modify the wheels, she simply ignored it and said that it would be fine to sit in a large sedan chair carried by 16 people.

Zhu Shuren had no choice but to put up with his wife's "luxury and lust". After all, no matter how good the early rubber-wrapped wheels were for shock absorption, they were not as good as human legs for shock absorption.

For the sedan chair, the more people are carried, the better the shock absorption effect. Any single bearer's footsteps will not cause the sedan chair to rise and fall.This kind of thing may have to exist for decades before it can be gradually eliminated.

After the couple agreed, Zhu Shuren also gave orders to the subordinates who were to be summoned. After two days, the Zhu family went out of the city and went straight to Jiangning Town.

Zhu Shuren himself wore light armor and rode a horse. He looked very close to the people. Only the pregnant princess sat in a sedan chair with 16 people.Considering that there is no child in this world, and there is only this one woman, no one will say anything.

The bearers were afraid that the princess would be bumped, and there were two other groups of people who took turns carrying it. They only carried forty miles a day, and then they stayed and rested. It took two days to go to Jiangning Town.

……

On September 24, a clear autumn day, Zhu Shuren and his party arrived in Jiangning Town.

Several generals he summoned, as well as one or two governors, have arrived early, ready to participate in this meeting involving this winter and the next year or two, and the internal purge plan of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhang Huangyan, who came from the front lines of Nanyang and Xinyang, attended the meeting.He can be regarded as the most important governor and minister who is good at guarding and controlling a province-level battlefield in Ming Dynasty besides Zhu Shuren.

The reason why Zhang Huangyan was recruited was not that he was overqualified and underserved to preside over the future reform of the Southwest, but because he had rich experience in leading Li Dingguo and other former western generals in actual combat. I have a better understanding of his recent performance, which can help Zhu Shuren know people and do good things.

In addition, Fang Yizhi, governor of Huguang, also made a rare trip to Jinling. On the one hand, after taking over, he needed to report on his duties and listen to new tasks. On the other hand, it was also because Fang Yizhi was one of the few liberal arts and sciences with a relatively good theoretical foundation in science and engineering in this era. There are talents, and a series of factories, mines and research institutes in Ma'anshan and Jiangning Town have accumulated some problems so far.

Fang Yizhi personally came over to give some advice and supervision, which was also convenient for the follow-up work.By the way, "Physics", which was originally written by Fang Yizhi in another time and space until the death of the Ming Dynasty, has now begun to find time to write ahead of schedule.

The series of research institutes run by Zhu Shuren are also very helpful to Fang Yizhi's writings.

Wuchang is still conveniently far from Nanjing by waterway, and in the future, he can also go to Beijing to report on his work and stay for a while every year. The governor of Huguang can also spare a month or two every year for the help of his staff and officials in his daily work, so that no major events can be missed.

In addition to the governor, the participating generals are mainly Zhang Mingzhen, Zheng Chenggong, Li Dingguo, Sun Kewang, Jin Shenghuan, Zhu Wenzhen, Jiang Shoude and others.

All the people gathered together, the generals first paid respects to Zhu Shuren, and then paid homage to Her Highness the Princess.

Afterwards, Zhu Yuchan took the maids to visit the zoo and botanical garden first.Zhu Shuren and the generals also found a newly-built meeting hall in the newly-built botanical garden, and started the meeting.

This can be regarded as not wasting resources. Botanical gardens have always been places with beautiful scenery, which is very suitable for setting up a resting place in the garden to build a nursing home or a "conference hotel". Zhu Shuren just took the advanced experience of later generations at his fingertips.

A group of people waited in a yard surrounded by several glass or crystal or mica skylights. They spread out conference tables, put tea and fruit snacks, and discussed national plans.

In the skylight greenhouse next to it, there are coconut trees from Southeast Asia, oil palm trees that produce palm oil, valley palm trees that produce sago, and camphor trees native to Dayuan Island.
There are also a very small number of South American cinchona trees (the bark of which is quinine) and rubber trees that Zheng Chenggong has just obtained from Hongyi merchants and Spanish merchants with great pains and hardships just according to Zhu Shuren's orders in the past one or two years.

It was the first time for everyone present to see these trees except Zhu Shuren and Zheng Chenggong.

Seeing that these trees are so tall, some of them are three to five feet high, but they still have to be planted in a greenhouse with a large number of skylights, and expensive glass or mica sheets are used to keep them warm and ensure light. You are especially amazed, how much money does this cost?

What they don't know is that every tree selected and bred by Zhu Shuren is either valuable as an important industrial raw material, or can provide more abundant sources of oil and food for the people of the Central Plains in the future.
Or it can be used to produce precious medicines and dressings that can be used to fight against tropical diseases and facilitate the Chinese people to conquer the Nanyang Conquerors.For better breed cultivation, the money spent is definitely worth it.

……

After the meeting started, Zhu Shuren took the lead in setting a tone for his subordinates:
"Gu predicts that in the next one or two years, the self-contradictory plots within the Tartars will not be able to stop. With Dorgon's current transfer of internal conflicts, it will take at least two years to rebuild his confidence enough to invade the south again.

So, during this time, I, Daming, can get a full respite.Even if the war resumes in the future, we will still be able to carry Dorgon's first offensive shot. At that time, the imperial army will hold back another round of attack by the dog tartars, and consume the tartars again to the point of being crippled, with a great loss of vitality. Afterwards, we have a good opportunity for a thorough and comprehensive Northern Expedition.

Because as long as there is a delay, the Tartars must be the ones who can't hold back first.We sit in the south, and now we have more than enough financial surplus every year, but Qinggou keeps bleeding every year. The longer it drags on, the weaker their national strength will be.Dorgon is not fighting now because his two white flags have not yet been rebuilt to form combat effectiveness, and the green battalion has not yet been able to fight.When he feels a little bit capable of fighting, he will definitely not be able to hold back. "

Before mentioning how to use the winter offensive in the past two years, Zhu Shuren analyzed the situation clearly.He can look far away first, look at the general direction, and then focus back on the small movements in front of him.

He predicted that the next war against the Qing would definitely start in the mode of Daming blocking another round of Qing army's active attack and then pushing back.

This kind of mode is also what Zhu Shuren wants to see, because it is definitely easier to fight defensively than to fight offensively, and it can consume the enemy's vital strength more.

The next time Dorgon is forced to take risks and feels that he may do it again, it is a good opportunity to give him another blow, and then take advantage of the situation to counterattack and destroy the group!
Some of the governors who participated in the meeting actually understood this truth, and more ordinary generals did not have such political wisdom, but after such an inventory and sorting out, everyone also unified their thinking.

Zhu Shuren made the groundwork and began to get to the point: "However, since ancient times, we must stick to counterattacks and accumulate money, food and national strength, and we must not neglect military equipment. Otherwise, the former Song Dynasty set up a pile of money from the Taizu to recover the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun. What will happen? ?

For hundreds of years, money and food have been accumulated more and more, but the soldiers and civilians have lost their fighting spirit!Lost the blood and motivation of Yanyun in the Northern Expedition!Even later, I didn't even bother to think about recovering Bianzhou!
So I, Ming Dynasty, must also learn a lesson. Since ancient times, warlike people will die, and those who forget the war will be in danger.In the past two years, during the truce between Ming Dynasty and the Tartars, the soldiers must not forget the battle, and let the newly reorganized old army take turns to be baptized in actual combat.

The general idea is that you should not spend too much money and food, and the annual expenditure on military operations should not exceed the order of millions of taels. When the first emperor was alive, the three salaries totaled about 2000 million taels. Now half of the country has been lost, and the three salaries have been abolished and re-levied. Lijin, the southern business tax is only more than [-] million taels for the whole year.

We also need to save enough money and food for the relief of the northern people after the recovery of the broken north in the future, and to prevent the reappearance of thieves. We must strive for a surplus of millions of taels of silver and millions of shi of grain every year, so we strive to control the annual expenditure of military operations at 500 million taels Within, preferably within 300 million taels.

The soldiers and horses to be used should be controlled within 5 people in Hanminfu's logistics, and the length of time spent each year should be within half a year. Only in this way can the expenditure be controlled. "

The generals first looked at each other and did some mental calculations. If the total number of dispatched troops, including logistics troops, were to be suppressed within [-], the number of front-line soldiers would be at most [-] to [-]. error within a factor of two.

For example, if Yunnan-Guizhou is reformed and returned to the locals, because of the rugged terrain and difficulty in raising military supplies, there will be fewer soldiers and more logistics troops.

But if you are dealing with big officials, because of the sea transportation, the cost is cheap, and the proportion of soldiers can be higher. The logistics will be transported by Zheng Chenggong's family. There is not much money. .

Apart from Zhu Shuren, Zhang Huangyan had the highest status among the participants, so he did his part to help everyone ask questions:

"With this amount of military expenditure and the size of the troops, it is impossible to use troops on two fronts at the same time. Could it be that they are planning to take action slowly and divide them into several years? For example, this winter, first attack the officials controlled by the Hongyi people, and then next winter. Is Yunnan Guizhou reformed?

However, there are only a few months of combat opportunities in each place, will it be shorter?If the Hongyi people were beaten away, they might not come back. It is a matter of procrastination to change the land and return to the people. After all, the rebels are all powerful local people, and time will not be short. "

Zhu Shuren nodded with a satisfied smile, and pointed to his cousin: "That's right! It's really not that fast. If you beat the Hongyi people, you may be able to win a quick battle within half a year, and you must fight for a long time.

Therefore, I plan to focus on reforming the land and returning the exiles this winter, so that the imperial court will send more exiles to Yunnan and Guizhou, and use the army to protect the exiles when they take office. Anyone who dares to resist will be killed by force.

The first wave of resistance is the fiercest, and the most forbidding to hold back, it must be deterred by thunder.After the hot weather in the beginning of spring, in order to avoid more diseases in the southern garrison, it is necessary to reduce the garrison and reduce expenditure. After that, we will strive to use only a few thousand or at most 1 people to eliminate the recurring resistance from time to time.

Next year's military expenditures for continuing to promote land reform in Yunnan and Guizhou will definitely be much less than this year's, and then the vast majority of the combat budget for that year will be allocated for the recovery of senior officials.The red-haired barbarians who deal with the big officials must be expelled purely by force. They can plow the courtyard and sweep the holes to completely eliminate them, without worrying about long-term recurrence. "

Hearing this, Zhang Huangyan stroked his beard and thought for a while: "It should be no problem to estimate the problems of the senior officials, and it is not an underestimation of the difficulties. The estimation of the first wave of resistance in Yunnan-Guizhou reform is not to underestimate the enemy." , At the beginning, the army followed the official to take office, and it would definitely be able to suppress it.

However, the follow-up relapse and resistance to reforming the land and returning to the bloc, is it not to underestimate the enemy?Only thousands of elite garrisons are left to maintain suppression on the ground, I am afraid that the gourd will be lifted by pressing the gourd. "

He speaks more directly, and he is completely right about the matter and not about the person. The main reason is that he is too familiar with Zhu Shuren. He played with his cousins ​​since he was a child, so he is not too constrained by the etiquette to the prince.He is also familiar with Zhu Shuren's temper, and knows that Zhu Shuren likes to hear him speak efficiently and directly.

Sure enough, Zhu Shuren was not angry, and still showed a satisfied smile: "Cousin, you are so cautious, but you have thought of the same thing as Gu. Indeed, if you expect to suppress the resistance of the natives of Yunnan and Guizhou against reforming the native land by force, it is not a good idea." Some troops are a little less. But what if we immediately change to a combination of kindness and force, and gentleness after the first wave of thunder is overwhelmed?"

Zhang Huang was puzzled and thought for a while: "What do you mean?"

Zhu Shuren beckoned, and then got up first, Zhang Huangyan and the generals hurriedly followed, and everyone wandered among the sunshine rooms of the Botanical Garden with mica skylights.

The environment of the meeting is really beautiful.

But Zhu Shuren was obviously not interested in looking at the scenery. He purposefully walked to a few clumps of South American crops brought back by Zheng Chenggong, played with the wide green leaves, and told Zhang Huang:

"Do you recognize this thing? This is Tamba wild rice. The fresh leaves look like this. In the [-] years of Wanli, the snuff bottles that were first introduced to the Central Plains by the Hongmaoyi people used this kind of leaves to dry and knead. Made into mud.

After sending officials to Yunnan and Guizhou and killing the first wave of rebels, it was released. Those chieftain tribes cooperated with the court and recognized the officials, and the court distributed them seeds and allowed them to grow tobacco. Purchased at the official price, then processed, and monopolized by the imperial court, it can be regarded as benefiting the people. "

Of course, Zhu Shuren would never touch anything that would harm the country and the people, but the special purchase and sale of tobacco, controlled by the state, has been a serious and legal business throughout the dynasties.

Around the 30th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, high-level officials began to import Spanish snuff bottles. In the reign of Tianqi, there were direct Tamba wild leaf rolls, that is, things similar to cigars, and there were also domestic ones.

Now that Ming Dynasty lacks military expenditures to recover the Central Plains, it temporarily ignores the harm to health. Fortunately, in ancient times, this thing was very expensive, and the poor could not afford to smoke. It is not a trap for the poor, but only for the rich and those who love luxury goods.

Moreover, Yunyan is so famous in later generations. The local climate and geographical conditions are suitable for large-scale tobacco planting. This kind of thing is light and has a high value density. It is shipped from the rugged Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and the freight is much cheaper than other kinds of things.

This thing has also contributed to the integration of Yunnan and Guizhou into the ruling order of the Central Plains, and it can be relied on for a short time in special periods and special circumstances.

When Ming Dynasty raises enough military expenditures to recover the Central Plains and rebuild China, Zhu Shuren must vigorously publicize that smoking is harmful to health.

(End of this chapter)