national surname chiming

Chapter 317 What the angel saw was of course taken by Mr. Guo Xing
Zhu Shuren has already carried out the promotion of new agricultural production methods twice in Huguang and Sichuan, and the work of confirming land rights.

Therefore, there is no difficulty in the system at all to copy it again in Hanzhong, and the mature experience can be directly used.

When it comes to specific implementation, the difficulty is mainly concentrated in the fact that the people in different regions are also different, and the resistance of the people needs to be resolved in a targeted manner.

Even though it is still the end of the Ming Dynasty, the folk customs in various places are already a little close to those of later generations——

Southerners are relatively adventurous and accept new things more easily. Northerners are a little more honest and conservative, but they are also more afraid of the government. Even if they don’t understand, they can rely on power to implement some new things, unless they can’t bear it anymore and directly raise the flag to rebel.

Fortunately, Hanzhong is now isolated from the world, and there is no way to directly communicate with other areas controlled by the Ming court. Even if Zhu Shuren is here to be the local emperor, no one will be able to sue him for a year or so—unless someone who wants to sue If you have the ability to directly penetrate the Li Zicheng ruled area in Guanzhong, go to Beijing to complain to Chongzhen.

From mid-June, when Zhu Shuren arrived in Nanzheng, and began to deploy the civil affairs work in Hanzhong, to early August, in just one and a half months, the common people and the gentry were sorted out.

The government promised that anyone who replants corn and potatoes this year will be exempt from tax that year, so even if the people don't know these crops and are worried about the harvest, they can barely overcome their fear and replant.

In order to speed up the promotion, Zhu Shuren gave both kindness and prestige. While asking Chen Junchong to use normal means to persuade farmers, he also offered, "After the winter harvest, the government promised to buy and store corn in unlimited quantities at the bottom price of one tael of silver and two stones of sun-dried corn kernels as a reward." Army food".

(Note: Corn planted in late summer takes about four months to grow and is harvested in winter. The yield is slightly lower than that of corn planted in late spring.)
Relevant promises have been distributed in every county and every township, and preached at Shenming Pavilions everywhere, so that the people must know.

During this process, Zhu Shuren also inevitably sent the work team to the countryside to promote the permanent tenancy law that he had already implemented in Huguang.
Persuade the people to pay attention to protecting the cultivated land when farming, and to topdress and maintain water conservancy every year.It is emphasized that the government will severely punish those who cause destructive farming and the evil gentry who drive up land rent to replace good land.

Of course, Zhu Shuren didn't just talk in the vernacular and only use words to propagate, but every county would find faults and pick a few bad models, catch them and chop them up immediately, and declare the official punishment to show the public.

Heavy codes are used in troubled times. In order to change people's habits as quickly as possible and eliminate long-standing evils, there is no way to kill a few people.

During this one and a half months of running-in, Zhu Shuren's original legal provisions on permanent tenancy rights, which were not too mature, have been further checked and filled.

This is the case with the law. It is impossible to be perfect only by patting the brain to legislate, or relying on the foresight of the laws of later generations. The law always has its rigidity.After the pilot, problems are found and corrected in a timely manner, so as to better adapt and adapt to the people.

After fine-tuning in the closed "special zone experimental field" in Hanzhong, the permanent tenancy law established by Zhu Shuren can basically be summarized as the following core spirits:
"The imperial court protects the people's perpetual tenancy rights to the land. As long as one person farms the land well, has top-dressing fertilizer every year, and participates in the maintenance of irrigation and water conservancy facilities in the township where he is located, the landlord who leases the land to him cannot ask the tenant to exchange land. , nor can the land rent be raised.”

"On the basis of protecting farmers' peace of mind in production, the rights of landlords are not completely unprotected. The land lease contract has a lease period of 20 years, and rent increases are not allowed under any circumstances within 20 years.

After 20 years, if the tenant tenant dies of old age and there is land inheritance or family division, then the lease contract can be re-signed and the rent can be adjusted as appropriate.If the tenant farmer does not die of old age, the original lease can be planted until he dies of old age, which will remain unchanged for life.

In addition, if the landlord wants to increase the rent, he must bear the burden of proof to prove that the tenant has repeatedly failed to participate in the corvee labor of the local water conservancy maintenance, and has repeatedly cultivated the land without top-dressing fertilizers for many years. "

After Zhu Shuren's operation, it is basically the same as the Japanese in later generations that "after the shop rents someone to open a shop, the operator can't increase the rent unless the landlord leaves."

And considering the characteristics of the times, it is still a feudal society today. Zhu Shuren’s decision is obviously more humane than the Japanese of later generations-after all, Japan is a capital-conscious society with economic growth and inflation. If there is no rise for decades or hundreds of years Rent, the landlord's income may depreciate and become worthless after many years.

However, there was obviously no general economic growth in the feudal society. Basically, the per capita GDP in 2000 was cyclical, and there was no inflation. In the Han Dynasty, a stone of grain was a few hundred yuan, and in the normal years of the Ming Dynasty, it was still a few hundred yuan.

Therefore, "as long as the other party is a good citizen who protects the sustainability of the land, the landlord is not allowed to increase the rent", and the landlord's income will not depreciate.

Of course, some observers may think, "This kind of operation has not made much progress. Didn't the Ming Dynasty also have 'field skin and bone'? Couldn't the tenancy right be protected for a long time or even inherited? It has nothing to do with the strict permanent tenancy right legislation." What a difference."

But thinking this way can only be said to be a superficial understanding of ancient legal history.

It is true that the Ming Dynasty had Tianpi and Tiangu, but to give an inappropriate example, the protective effect of that stuff is similar to that in the later "Company Law" that "when shareholders of a limited company want to transfer their equity, internal shareholders of the company, compared with Outsiders enjoy the right of first refusal under the same conditions" clause is about the same strength.

In fact, when the company’s equity is traded, if the minority shareholders feel that they have been bullied by the major shareholders, and want to transfer the equity, and introduce opponents to check the accounts, how can it be possible for you to have the opportunity to do "under the same conditions"?
When the company is valued at 10 million yuan, 1000% of the small shares have to be sold. The major shareholder offers 2000 million yuan, and the small shareholders can definitely get an external opponent to offer [-] million yuan. The highest price wins.At this time, the so-called "preferential purchase under the same conditions" is meaningless at all, and the seller will not let you have the opportunity to happen to have the same conditions.

The previous Ming Dynasty landlords dealt with the field skin and bone system, in fact, the reason is similar.He will not directly ask for illegal deprivation of the tenant's tenancy rights, he will only tell you that the rent will be increased when the time limit is up,

There is a newcomer next to you who refuses to increase the rent, or the tenants also follow the roll and promise to increase the rent, or there are ways to keep you from living, or you can change to a piece of land with the same area and seemingly similar surface conditions at present, and put it in a good place. land to those who bid higher and are more willing to be exploited.

Therefore, the radical solution still depends on "as long as the parties concerned have topdressed fertilizers and participated in water conservancy maintenance on time, the landlord will never have the right to increase the land rent."

Of course, there must be advantages and disadvantages for Zhu Shuren to do this. The landlords did not suffer from this reform, but they also made money, because they did not increase the rent, but they could start from "from now on, the tenants will have perseverance and will not destroy the land again." "Medium and long-term benefits.

The real losers in this reform are the pure refugees who want to flee to other places to escape famine and rent land.

Because the biggest competitive advantage of the refugees was that they could bear a higher degree of slavery. Other tenant farmers who survived in the local area may have been accustomed to four males and six civilians, or a [-]-[-] split.

But refugees who are newcomers who want to rent land may be willing to accept [-]% to [-]% directly, and [-]% belong to the landlord.Refugees have always relied on this kind of competitiveness to squeeze out the share of local tenants and rent a piece of land in the cracks.

This is like the fact that later generations are more likely to accept 996/007 when they are newcomers to Bei Piao Hu Piao and have no special skills.If the locals can't get involved, they will take the initiative to squeeze out some job opportunities and ensure that they don't starve to death. First, they can gain a firm foothold in Beihu.

Now that Zhu Shuren has made a law to forcibly prohibit the increase of land rent, it is tantamount to preventing the refugees from lowering their status to improve their competitiveness.

It's like the Swedish labor law forcibly prohibiting overtime work in later generations. Those employees who have no skills but are willing to 996 will lose their competitiveness——

Later, in 2015, there was a famous streaming music platform in Sweden called spotify. There was a classic case where several Chinese programmers they hired maliciously and illegally worked overtime without telling the boss (that is, the company and the supervisor told them not to They worked overtime and worked slowly, and they pretended to sneak back to the company to work overtime after work, and they were caught by the big data monitoring of the labor supervision agency), and then they were arrested and detained, and the company was severely punished. Time dare not hire Chinese programmers.

When the imperial court has set a minimum wage, anyone who employs people below this wage will directly violate the law, and they will be caught one by one.

……

Zhu Shuren's legislation is so strict, and he has drastically formulated various "government-guided prices and government price limits" for economic operations. As a student of Confucius and Mencius, Chen Junchong was of course very uncomfortable at the beginning.

Moreover, Zhu Shuren's current actions can already be called "domineering". How can he, a governor, talk about this kind of reform in the local area?

Chen Junchong considered that his intentions were not bad, so he tactfully persuaded him, thinking that the government should not care too much about matters of self-interest, and the people should discuss it themselves.
He also took out the lesson that "Wang Mang also banned the sale of land, stipulated the currency system, and made all kinds of troubles. In the end, he failed to solve the problem that the poor had no place to stand in the late Western Han Dynasty, and the country was subjugated." He felt that politicians should take it easy economically. Govern by doing nothing.

Zhu Shuren also knew that this person was just ignorant and not morally wrong, so he didn't embarrass him. He said, "Use heavy codes in troubled times. At this point, if you don't protect the bottom price of the poor, it will be too late when they are taken away by intruders." directly exposed.

At this time, if you can not use the reason of "exceeding authority" to fight against him, then you can win unity.

Zhu Shuren was so resolute, of course he encountered some resistance.After all, the gentry in Hanzhong were not completely wiped out by Gao Yingxiang, Li Zicheng, and Luo Rucai a few years ago, and a small group remained.

Some of these people were not known for raising land rent to force farmers to cultivate destructively, and the butcher knife did not hit them at the beginning.

But the people of Zhu Shu are step by step, and they have to carry out local reforms to enshrine the permanent prohibition of unconditional rent increases. These people also realized that something was wrong and wanted to resist—after all, they didn’t raise rent very much in the past, and they will lose the power of unconditional rent increase forever. , the gap here is still very large.

Who doesn't want to take advantage of the famine to annex more land and increase the conditions of exploitation.

So these people moved out of the Great Ming Law, moved out of the ancestral system of Emperor Taizu, and even made various excuses to obstruct it.

Of course Zhu Shuren was not polite, and picked a few more thorns to punish.

A very few of them even dared to threaten Zhu Shuren, posing as "there are people in my family in the court of Beijing, which pavilion elders and ministers are distant relatives/old friends of our family" and reminded Zhu Shuren that "the governor is only temporary. , in the future, the bigwigs in Beijing will free up their hands, and sooner or later you will pay the price for your misconduct here!"
As soon as he said this, Zhu Shuren immediately arrested these people in the name of "interfering in local administration, pretending to be connected and slandering the reputation of certain ministries and cabinets in central Beijing".

"How could Mr. Zhou Ge, Xu Butang, and Zhang Butang have old friends like you? Don't think that the Emperor of Hanzhong is far away, and you can get away with it if you pretend to destroy people's reputation here!"

Then I directly picked some typical ones and killed them. If the "pretending" behavior involves the whole family and the whole family comes forward to defend, then the whole family will be killed!
After killing more than a dozen families, two or three families in each county, the matter will be settled.

Everyone in Hanzhong realized that this Lord Governor of the country was definitely a murderer.Resisting now is courting death, it's better to wait until Guanzhong is pacified and the road out of Sichuan is safe, and then rush to Beijing, and then sue Zhu Shuren for imperial court!

A good man doesn't suffer from immediate losses. Now that Hanzhong is cut off by thieves, why bother to die in vain at this juncture.

As everyone knows, Zhu Shuren dared to do this because he was sure that these people would never be able to contact those elders in Beijing.

In Zhu Shuren's eyes, the high-ranking civil servants in Beijing are already dead.

Even if they dared to surrender to Li Zicheng in the future and survived for the time being, Zhu Shuren would not allow these people to come back as domestic slaves of the three surnames after the recovery of the north.

Thieves will lack scholars, but the orthodox court will never lack scholars.It doesn't take a lot of professional bureaucratic skills to kill one group and another group will come to the top to become officials-the imperial examination originally did not test specific professional management skills.

Technological talents may also be cherished. Management positions can be replenished one after another in any era, and there will be no interruption.

Who doesn't want to be an official? During Zhu Yuanzhang's time, so many officials were killed, and countless people were willing to be officials.

……

In this way, the iron fist and iron blood pushed for a month and a half. By August, the soldiers and civilians in Hanzhong also quickly passed the painful period, and began to appreciate the benefits of Guoxing Lord's rule.

At least now, none of the common people would dare to steal or play tricks, and if they were asked to participate in the maintenance of water conservancy, they would obediently maintain it. After a month and a half of growth, the corn planted was in good condition.

After the corn is planted, it usually takes less than ten days to see sprouts break out of the ground. After about a month, the corn seedlings begin to joint and can become hard and straight stalks, only softer than sugarcane.

As long as this step is reached, although the local farmers have never grown corn, they have seen sugarcane at any rate, and they know that the growth status of this new crop is no problem.

Farmers are the most particular about seeing is believing. Seeing with their own eyes that this kind of crop can continue to grow even when the amount of irrigation is so scarce, everyone will believe it. Knowing that this thing really uses very little water, it is very suitable for the drought in Chongzhen. around Shaanxi.

The confidence and enthusiasm of the farmers are also higher, and they work hard every day to wait for another two and a half months to harvest at the end of October.

Just when Hanzhong's civil affairs and military equipment were getting on the right track, the princes and princes sent by the imperial court to announce the decree finally came to Hanzhong after going around from Chongqing.

However, those victims of the Hanzhong gentry who were looking forward to reconnecting with the Beijing court may be disappointed.

Because when the prince was far away in the Jinniu Road, Zhu Shuren had already followed him in advance, and Zhu Shuren knew every move of the court envoy, and the speed of his daily schedule.

Therefore, when Wang Gonggong arrived in Nanzheng, it was impossible to see the changes that actually occurred in Hanzhong in the past one and a half months.

He could only see what Zhu Shuren let him see, those posed things.

Zhu Shuren will continue to act as if he is loyal and unparalleled, actively preparing for the Northern Expedition from Hanzhong to Guanzhong, which shows that he has been sharing the worries of Chongzhen.

(End of this chapter)