national surname chiming

Chapter 284 It's too late to put it in Daming
After Shen Shuren arrived in Daye, he should have inspected the progress of the military industry first, but Fang Yizhi had so many civil affairs disputes, so he had no choice but to deal with them intensively, and it would not take two or three days.

Previously, refugees from Shaanxi and Henan who were resettled for reclamation were mainly in Changsha, Changde, Yueyang and other places, but there were actually not many in Wuchang.

But after Fang Yizhi sent troops to quell the chaos, he killed a group of the most stubborn ones, and punished the remaining ones who made troubles, but whose crimes were not serious, as hard labor and dragged them to Daye to mine.

Shen Shuren thinks this idea is good. In the future, if there are any northern refugees who are captured and reformed, they can no longer be thrown directly to the local area for reclamation.

Daming is so big, the wind is different for ten miles, and the customs are different for a hundred miles, not to mention the migration of at least thousands of miles.

Many of the cunning survival wisdom accumulated for many years in the area full of thieves, and the tricky habits of stumbling each other must be reformed before they can adapt to a new provincial life.

Originally, Shen Shuren didn't do this because he believed in the simplicity of the folk customs and didn't want to make regional differences.On the other hand, I also feel that the population engaged in industrial labor is at least a little professional and technical, and should be done by specialized people.If some people have been workers and then go back to be farmers, it is suspected of wasting labor skills.

But now that he has suffered a lot, he has recognized the problem——

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, this was not "regional discrimination". In the good times of Shaanxi and Henan, of course, honest and good people accounted for the vast majority.

It's just that after so many years, it is impossible to survive without some bad habits. Good people die early, and natural selection is reversed for decades. Those who can survive must all have unique skills.

Without tempering and reforming, telling them that the rules of the world have changed and that they need to adjust their way of life, how can they naturally return to simplicity and be willing to be farmers.

As for the problem of "wasting labor skills that have been cultivated with great difficulty", it can be avoided through other detailed management methods.

For example, in just a few days, Shen Shuren sorted out the positions of workers at the Daye Iron Mine and Iron Works, and divided them into technicians with accumulated technical content and pure manual labor without technical content.

The workers in the military workshop, of course, are all skilled workers, and they must remain professional.

In the ironworks, those who burn blast furnaces to refuel or transport with pure physical strength, in the future, the refugees who need to be transformed can be used for a year or a half, and then released after performing well to contract land reclamation.

As for all kinds of mines, except for those who direct the mining, other hard-working workers can be used to transform refugees.

In addition, Shen Shuren also thought that in order to promote permanent tenancy rights, farmers must be able to recognize a few words—at least a hundred and ten keywords on the relevant contract, plus his own name and the name of the landlord. Know the place names of nearby counties and villages.

So Shen Shuren started, and told Fang Yizhi and Song Yingxing to plan to get some idle and unemployed scholars to come to Daye Mine and Iron Works to set up the simplest quick literacy class.

Take the time to compile a dictionary with only two or three hundred of the most commonly used words, let the workers work during the day and learn the words at night, one or two every day,

A year of hard labor is enough to write [-] words, and knowing how to sign a permanent lease contract with the government after leaving, and being able to read that piece of paper, can be a farmer who contracts official land.

Those who are slow to read and cannot protect their own rights and interests after going out, and may still be infringed on their legal rights and cannot resist, and those who can only passively resist by destructive farming, resisting the construction of water conservancy, etc., then take an extra year and a half to mine Hard labor, until you have read [-] characters before releasing you.

If you are smarter, you can learn [-] characters in less than a year, and you can also release them in advance.

In addition, Shen Shuren also asked people to draw up a permanent tenancy contract that would be forced by the government, and asked an engraving book printer to print it on a large scale.

It is stipulated that, except for the blank grids in this formal contract issued by the government, such as place names, personal names, land area location, land grade and texture description, other words are not allowed to be changed by the people, and must be signed according to this format contract.

In this way, it can be ensured that "the refugees who are released only know [-] characters, can also understand the contract, and will not be cheated by stealing, rape, and trickery."

Otherwise, the main part of the contract is allowed to be changed and handwritten at will, and the ghost knows what content will be added by the literate party.

With most of the variables under control, the [-] characters only need to include traditional numbers, Arabic numerals, common surnames, place names, and words used in field descriptions, and you don’t need to learn anything else.

The biggest problem with such fanfare is that many places have clearly violated the "Law of the Ming Dynasty" and the law of the ancestors.

There is no permanent tenancy right in the Ming Dynasty, and there is no protection and legal positioning for commercial format contracts.As a government, it should be to suppress business, and not to intervene in business casually, let alone to help businessmen formulate contracts.

Formal contracts have had no legal status in China since ancient times, and they don't know how to define them. They didn't exist at all before.

Therefore, when he was helping to draft, Fang Yizhi also reminded him: This thing is so blatantly promoted and promoted, maybe it will come out next year, and the censors in Beijing will impeach you in front of His Majesty again.

Shen Shuren's reply to this was: Let them impeach, and find someone to record it in the future, just find a friend in the capital, and write down which officials like to use the part of the household law that maintains the Ming law to talk about things, Those who came to attack political opponents and defend Zhang Juzheng's previous "ancestral law"

In the future, Shen Shuren will deal with and deal with it himself.

Of course, those who are limited to maintaining the "ancestral law" in the economic part of the Ming Law, if it is to maintain the ancestral law other than economics, may also be a gentleman, and Shen Shuren will certainly not avenge private revenge.

After the city of Beijing is broken, those despicable speech officials who cling to the Ming Dynasty's economic law will naturally stay behind.

……

It took four or five days for some deployment.

By November 25th, Fang Yizhi had roughly completed a few tasks.

On the one hand, it is to screen out the words that need to be taught to resettle refugees in the future.

For the surname part, because there are more than 400 characters in the surnames of hundreds of families, it is definitely impossible to recognize them all, so we pick nearly a hundred of the most common ones to recognize, and then choose a dozen more to recognize each person's own surname and the surnames of close family members.

The standard contract of the permanent tenancy contract has also been sorted out.

In the end, Fang Yizhi also asked the officials in charge of prisons to find a bunch of cases by surprise in the past few days.
However, because of the time and distance, it is temporarily impossible to find the case in Changde, Changsha, Yueyang, so all I found were the local Wuchang Prefecture, especially the bad gentry around Daye County.

The bad deeds of the evil gentry, of course, are mainly "deceiving good people to contribute to the construction of water conservancy projects, and then replacing the tenant rights of farmers who have contributed to the construction of water conservancy projects with other farmers who promised higher land rents".

And the bad deeds of the unscrupulous people are of course destructive reclamation, especially some refugees who are repeat offenders, wandering, and fraudulent destructive reclamation. They planted a piece of land for several years and then ran away with buckets——

Shen Shuren is already very cautious in this regard. If it is just destructive reclamation and the irrigation facilities are left in disrepair for a long time, then they cannot be punished. Maybe they are just lazy?
At any time, laziness itself is not a situation that should be punished as a felony. Daming has developed into a civilized age anyway, and it cannot be done like Shang Yang's time (Shang Yang's era was more severe, and destructive reclamation and damage to the sustainability of farmland are also prohibited. It can be punished by chopping off hands and feet. Going forward, you can also chop off your hands by "throwing ashes on the road", that is, chopping your hands when you litter on the road)

Therefore, Shen Shuren strictly added the prerequisites of recidivism and committing crimes on the move.

If a person doesn't commit crimes repeatedly or wander around, it means that he is just purely lazy, and maybe he is just as lazy in planting his own fields.

A repeat offender who commits crimes on the move shows that this person "was not lazy when planting his own field and did not destroy it. It was only when the property rights belonged to others that he was particularly lazy and intentionally made trouble." The subjective viciousness is completely different.

Shen Shuren also had a flat bowl of water, and he caught dozens of them on both sides, preparing to show them to the public at that time, and then took the opportunity to publicize the new law, deepening the impression of tens of thousands of miners and steel workers in Daye, so that they can spread word of mouth and spread the word of mouth in the future. Shen Futai's strict policy.

When things came to an end, Shen Shuren's only concern was that he was afraid of killing people just for these purposes, which was a bit unreasonable - he was not afraid of being impeached by pedantic officials, but that he himself felt a bit felonist.

However, Fang Yizhi didn't think there was any problem at all when Fang Yizhi helped him make arrangements for several days, and when he finally stepped in the door.

He took out the Confucian idea of ​​judging prisons in the spring and Autumn period, and aggravating or mitigating punishments with vicious social influences, and argued with Shen Shuren, trying to prove that "as long as a bad social influence is formed, and even a party of people is aroused to learn to be bad, then things in themselves are not bad." Big, beheading is no problem."

In Fang Yizhi's view, these people took the lead in being tricky and corrupted the common people. They brought over the bad habit of destructive cultivation and fishing for small profits from Shaanxi, and ruined the customs of a certain party. Based on this, why can't they be beheaded? ?

Since Shen Shuren became an official, he really didn't know much about the law of the Ming Dynasty, and he didn't keep studying.After listening to Fang Yizhi's words, he also felt a little novelty and learned a lot.

"In my "Law of the Ming Dynasty", this was originally allowed. Because of the bad social influence and the bad social atmosphere, is there an extra unlimited increase on the original punishment?" When Shen Shuren asked for advice, he felt a little guilty.

Fang Yizhi is worthy of being a master of learning, and he gave the answer firmly: "Of course, since the ancient Spring and Autumn Period, the principle of judging prisons and convicting people has not been changed. From "Tang Law Shuyi" to Song and Ming Dynasties, this idea is the same. of.

When it comes to specific laws, my Ming Dynasty has many specific crimes, and when sentencing, the penalties are all aggravated and mitigated according to the discretion of "social evil deeds".

Have you ever learned the crime of harvesting and cutting children?This picking and cutting is allowed in my Ming Law, which is at least eight knives, and there are sixteen knives at most 64 knives. Do you know why the sentence is so severe? "

Shen Shuren was taken aback for a moment, he really didn't know the knowledge point mentioned by Fang Yizhi.

Of course, he is aware of the term Caisheng, cutting off, and this crime, which is to break the hands and feet of normal people (usually children or teenagers) and beat them into disabled people, and then force the disabled people to beg for sympathy from others. A lot of money for alms.

This kind of thing was a felony in the Ming and Qing dynasties and could be delayed.

But Shen Shuren really didn't think about why he could be sentenced so severely - even if it was murder, even if he killed several people, he might not be punished.

He humbly asked: "It's really not clear, and I always feel that the sentence of picking up life, breaking up and cutting up Lingchi is a bit heavy."

Fang Yizhi shook his head helplessly: "The key to this matter is not to severely disable people with able-bodied limbs and to use cruel methods. More importantly, it will destroy the sympathy of the local people.

If a case of harvesting and excision is exposed, but the mastermind Ling Chi is not executed, what will happen to the local people in the future?When we see disabled poor people who really need help, they will treat them as beggars whose heads are harvested and cut up to swindle money with cruel discounts. The compassion of the whole township or even the county will be damaged by this, and the morality and morality of the village will also collapse. .

Mencius said that all people have four hearts, which correspond to benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom. The heart of compassion is ranked first, and it is the heart of benevolence.If one person's misdeeds and crimes lead to the loss of the benevolence of the people, how can I sit idly by?
Therefore, in the law of the Ming Dynasty, the specific crimes that destroy the compassion of the people of one side, such as harvesting and cutting off, will depend on the impact of their misdeeds in the trial.

If it only has influence in one township, and the people who lead to the destruction of one township have no compassion, at least eight cuts will be enough.If a county or even a prefecture has an influence, then it is possible to get 64 dollars to [-] dollars.To use these sinners' lingering to show the public, to praise the good and criticize the evil, to educate and warn the people not to follow suit, no matter how high it is, it is estimated that it will not be possible to spread so far. "

Shen Shuren was shocked when he heard this.

In the era of feudal ethics, was the punishment so heavy for destroying the compassion of the people and leading to moral decline?
Both the Ming and Qing dynasties could reach Lingchi!

Thanks to the lack of good media tools in the Ming Dynasty, it is impossible for the behavior that led to the decline of people's morality to spread too far, so the limit of influence has reached a government.

If it is really the same as in the later generations, there are some newspapers and media, and one person has done something shocking to the world and led to the moral decline of the people, which has been hyped up to the whole country.

Then according to the law of the Ming Dynasty, 64 knives can be cut if one government is affected.Affecting a province, can't you cut hundreds of knives?If it leads to a decline in the morality of the people across the country, shouldn't it be three thousand dollars late like Yuan Chonghuan?
From this point of view, it is better to have a civilized society ruled by law in later generations, at least there will be no limit to increase the penalty because of influence.

……

After the last psychological barrier was removed, Shen Shuren had no scruples,

Early the next morning, he came to Daye Iron Mine in person.

The managers of the iron mine have also been notified long ago to gather tens of thousands of good miners and more hard laborers who have just been converted from refugees to miners, and gather them in a large mine.

Well-informed people are already spreading rumors among each other: "I heard that many people will be beheaded here for public display, ranging from evil gentry to thugs. It should be related to the people who caused trouble in Yueyang a while ago."

After all the people had gathered, Shen Shuren asked people to announce the verdict and explain the reasons publicly.

Fang Yizhi's voice was not loud enough, so he found dozens of scolders in the army in advance. After Fang Yizhi went through the scene and read it, these scolders held wooden speakers and shouted the reasons for the judgment that they had already memorized. again.

Then, Shen Shu announced the new regulations on the management of refugee miners and hard labor camps in the future, and those who should be shouted out by scolders should follow the usual rules.

The tens of thousands of people below looked at each other in blank dismay, obviously the level of education was not enough to accept so much information at once.

But at any rate, there are still clever people who understand it. In the future, when the government manages the refugees from the north, they will first dig mines and read the characters, at least understand the characters in the government-style contract, and then will continue to strictly punish the evil gentry and use the government-style contract. Protect everyone's legal and stable tenancy rights.

Among the local officials in the late Ming Dynasty, Shen Shuren's practice of giving a mallet and a date was already considered kind, but it was just a little bit of resolute.

Seeing so many bloody rolling heads, naturally no one would seek death,
Everyone knows that under the rule of Master Futai, there is no difference between one thing and another, not relying on peace, but relying on clear rewards and punishments.

……

After doing all the things that Liwei should do, Shen Shuren was finally able to inspect the armament manufacturing situation at the Daye Iron Works according to his original plan.
Take stock of the upcoming final battle against Zhang Xianzhong, and see if there are any new weapons that can be used.

Anyway, I came here. I inspected the mine early in the morning, and it was not far from the nearby iron factory, so I just turned a corner and arrived.

The iron factory and other military workshops had also made preparations long ago. As soon as Shen Shuren arrived, he displayed the new achievements made in the past few months in the most conspicuous position.

The first thing Shen Shuren saw was a bunch of steel weapons, armor and firearms.Compared with the previous mass-produced models, there are not many qualitative changes at first glance, but if you look closely, there are still some improvements.The key is to have a large amount, to manage the fullness, and to be uniform.

After all, there is an iron ore factory nearby. This kind of gradual improvement and running-in is the easiest to achieve. It doesn't need Shen Shuren to give instructions, and it can even be done by the craftsmen of the military factory. Song Yingxing can give some theoretical knowledge to support it. .

Shen Shuren picked up the breech of the cast-steel thimble barrel leaning against a row of gun racks, and filled it with double-barreled nozzles. This thing had been equipped by the Shen family's army as early as half a year ago when they attacked Zhang Xianzhong in the Changsha Mansion. There are more than 1000 in the whole army.

So in the past six months, it was nothing more than continuing to expand production. After roughly asking about the production accounts, Shen Shuren did some calculations. Excluding the battlefield losses in the past six months, the Shen family army can currently expand the number of double-barreled musketeers to 3000.

Of course, considering the ultra-short range of this weapon, it can only be used as a quick kick before the charge, and it cannot carry the line, so it is still necessary to give it all to the cavalry.The infantry continues to use muskets with a long killing range, which is the kingly way.

Compared with half a year ago, these breech-loading guns have not changed much, but they look smoother, no matter the outer wall or the inner bore.It should be caused by the upgrading of metallurgical technology and the improvement of the quality of steel used to make guns.

In addition, Shen Shuren also saw that these short-barreled double-barreled guns were also equipped with a custom-made hoop, a particularly long new-style bayonet, or a gun sword.

Originally, the bayonet that Shen Shuren promoted in the Huangzhou Army in the early years had a blade length of no more than two feet, and with the five-foot spear, the total length could reach more than seven feet, and it could barely be used as an anti-cavalry spear in close combat.

But since the short-barreled double-barreled spray was invented, the length of the barrel is only more than two feet, and the length of the butt grip is less than three feet. If it is equipped with an old-fashioned bayonet, the attack distance is completely inferior to that of a cavalry spear. It also lost the use of cavalry to charge and stab.

Therefore, since the day when the double-barreled gun was invented, it has not carried a bayonet. Cavalry who use this kind of firearm will also be equipped with a single melee weapon for hand-to-hand combat.

Song Yingxing obviously discovered this shortcoming, and felt that the bayonet invented by Mr. Futai was so useful that he should find a way to equip all the long guns with bayonets, so he invented this bayonet for short guns with a blade length of more than four feet. Make sure that when the blunderbuss and bayonet are combined, the total length still reaches seven feet.

Shen Shuren looked at the bayonet in front of him, feeling a little dazed. The shape of this thing actually resembled the triangular bayonet of the later 60s—of course, the extra raised rib was actually just a stiffening rib, and it was blunt. It's not for the purpose of adding an extra blade to enhance the damage, but for the purpose of forging a longer blade with a material that is not too strong, so that the blade body is not easy to break.

Shen Shuren's later generations on the Internet have also seen many street stalls boasting the lethality of the triangular bayonet in the early years. In my impression, there were many before 2010, which was absurd.Later, the information became more and more transparent, and the level of netizens gradually improved, and the market for those street stalls gradually became smaller and disappeared.

Compared with the modern bayonets of the later generations, the triangular bayonet has no unique killing effect. The reason why it was eliminated was not because it was too cruel. , the blade will not break.After adding a blank, it will greatly limit the versatility of the bayonet.

Song Yingxing's frowning on the bayonet was entirely his own idea, and it wasn't Shen Shuren's blind command. What Song Yingxing wanted to solve was the strength of the steel.

Of course, after he got this reinforced bayonet, it wasn't all bad.After Shen Shuren asked briefly, he learned that this new type of bayonet with reinforced ribs has a huge advantage, that is, it is low in cost and can be cast directly by pouring molten steel into a mold.

The previous bayonets were all forged by blacksmiths. Although only traditional blacksmiths were needed and high-tech blacksmiths who could make barrels were not needed, they were still blacksmiths after all.It is good to save the manpower of technicians.

In addition, this is also the iron and steel plant on Daye's side. It uses a new type of blast furnace, which increases the temperature of the furnace and improves the quality of steel, so it can do this.

If traditional low-temperature cast iron is used for direct casting, the quality will be even worse, as there are all loose holes in it.However, Shen Shuren's improved Daye Iron and Steel Works produced at least the quality of primary cast steel, and it became a reality to directly mold bayonets with reinforcing ribs, which can be easily polished and put into consumption.

The processing technology of the material is so much cheaper. It is not a pity that it will be broken and scrapped after a few fierce battles on the battlefield. Anyway, the gun body does not need to be replaced. The bayonet on the head is directly removed and put on again. It is also a "modular design". up.

After reading it, Shen Shuren commented: "This thing, mass-produced and cost-saving is a good hand, but it's better to use it for the cavalry. It's more convenient for the cavalry to have a cavalry saber. It can be used as a supplement at most. If it's not too heavy You can hang one more on horseback.

However, it is also possible to use cast steel to directly manufacture bayonets with reinforced ribs. This method of saving money can also be used by non-directed troops for large-scale military expansion in the future.After all, the output is large, which is convenient for mass production in a short period of time, and does not occupy the working hours of senior craftsmen. "

After watching the bayonets and muskets, Shen Shuren saw a few gleaming breastplates next to them, which looked similar to the torso of the full-body plate armor in the West 100 years ago, but much thicker.

Shen Shuren's eyes lit up, and he felt that this thing was a bit like the cuirassiers of the later 18th century and Napoleon's era.

This thing is not an innovation, because the full-body plate armor appeared in the West after 1450, and reached its peak before 1550. Then, with the popularity of firearms, the full-body plate armor gradually became unmanned.

Shen Shuren has the Spaniards and Dutchmen recruited by Zheng Chenggong's side. Song Yingxing and Fang Yizhi will naturally have the opportunity to learn from these foreigners in their daily work. In the end, it is not surprising that Chinese and Western are combined to absorb the advantages of Western heavy armor.

Shen Shuren has been in a high position for a long time, and he is also wealthy. He has almost never seen anything in this era.

So in the past few years, his family has also collected several sets of full-body plate armor bought at a high price from the West—not for wearing on the battlefield, but purely for collection and inspiration.

That's why Shen Shuren also knows that the thickness of Western body plate armor is generally between 1.5 and 2.5 millimeters, corresponding to the scale of Ming Dynasty, it is less than one cent thick, at most half a cent to [-] cents.

Don't underestimate the half-thick full-body plate armor. According to the density of the steel, the whole body weighs more than 25 kilograms. If it is 30 cents thick, it can reach a total weight of more than [-] kilograms, not counting the helmet and iron gloves and iron boots , You definitely need a strong man to wear it.

This kind of plate armor can't even defend against black powder lead bullets with a muzzle kinetic energy of 500 joules, so it was eliminated.

But the breastplate that Shen Shuren saw in front of his eyes was at least two points thick, which was three times the thickness of heavy full-body plate armor!About six or seven millimeters.

The price is that this dome-like piece of armor can only protect the chest and the front of the torso. This piece alone weighs 15 kilograms, equivalent to 26 kilograms in Mingjin.

Shen Shuren rolled his eyes, weighed the breastplate and asked: "Can this guard against the single-headed lead bullets of the bird gun? The iron-coated cotton armor can already guard against small bullets, and it is so heavy that it is specially made. It’s for protection against slugs.”

Song Yingxing, who accompanied the inspection at the side, was also convinced when he saw that Master Futai had broken through the key points: "Your Excellency is really well-informed, to be honest, this thing is simply to double the thickness of the thickest Western breastplate. Finally, it can prevent slugs with four qian charges and four qian lead bullets.

However, if you really want to use it, you need thick leather and cotton inside, otherwise the force brought by the depression of the steel armor can still cause internal injuries or fractures.Also because it is too heavy, this piece weighs more than 25 kilograms, and it is really impossible to protect the whole body, only the chest and abdomen.

For other defenses against shotguns, ordinary iron-coated cotton armor is enough.In addition, thanks to the steel from the Daye Iron Works, which is better than other places, it is possible to forge such a thick nail plate with a heavy water hammer. "

Shen Shuren commented a few words casually, and he still encouraged the spontaneous innovation of his subordinates.However, this kind of heavy armor is not very useful for fighting the peasant army in front of him, because Zhang Xianzhong's army does not have many firearms.

Unless in the future Zhang Xianzhong seized some of the outdated and disrepaired firearms in the arsenal of the Ming army in Sichuan, and insisted on fighting with slugs, then this new type of armor still has a place for it.

Otherwise, it can only be used to strengthen the protection of the generals for the time being.

After Shen Shuren read it, he continued to ask: "These are all piecemeal, small-scale troubles. Is there any breakthrough in qualitative change? Didn't any of the wild ideas I took care of before come true?"

(End of this chapter)